barbel 
linrliulf.] 1. The common English name of the 
fish JliirbuH mli/aris, also extended to other spe- 
cii's of the geuus liarlmx. 2. A small cylin- 
drical vermiform process appended to the mouth 
of certain fishes, serving as an organ of touch. 
3. A knot of superfluous flesh growing in the 
channel of a horse's mouth. Also barbie and hurli. 
barbella (bar-bel'ft),i.;pL&<w&eZte(-$). [NL., 
dim. of I.i. barba, a beard. Cf. barbulc and bar- 
bel, !, ;!.] A small barb or bristle. 
barbellate (bar-bel'at), . [< NL. b<trbrllatux, 
< NL. biirbi'lln, (|. v.] Having small bristles or 
barbules: used chiefly in botany. Also bui-lni- 
Intc. 
barbellula (biir-bel'u-lii), n. ; pi. barbellula; 
(-Ie). [NL., dim. of' barbella, q. v.] A very 
small barb or bristle. 
barbellulate (biir-bel'u-lat), n. [< NL. barbel- 
luliifi/H, < biirbrlliila, q. v.] Having very small 
bristles or barbules. 
barber (har'brr), . [Early mod. E. also bnr- 
li/nir, < (n) Ml'], bin-hour, bnrbor, bitrbiir, < AF. 
lull-haul-, OF. barbeor (< L. as if *barbator, < 
"burbam, shave: see barb 1 , v.) ; mixed with (6) 
ME. barber, < OF. barbicr, F. barbier = It. bar- 
Were, < L. as if *barbarius, (. L. barba, a beard : 
see barb 1 , n.] 1. One whose occupation is to 
shave the beard and cut and dress the hair. 
2. Same as surijuni-jlxli. -Barber's basin, ii 1'nsin 
or bowl formerly used in shaving, having a broad rim 
with a semicircular opening to fit the neck of the cus- 
tomrr, who held it, while the barber made the lather with 
his hand and applied it directly : still in use ill some parts 
of Europe as a barber's sign. Barber's pole, a pole 
1 I'.i 
barber-surgery (biir'bcr-srr'jer-i), . Tho 
occupation or practice of a barber-surgeon; 
hence, bungling work, like that of a low prac- 
titioner of surgery. 
SlitH it into four, that lit- may tlitr belter cixnr at it with 
IliS /Mll'h. f-*lt,->r: , <l. Miltlltl, l'l,[;i 
barbery 1 (biir'bi'-r-i). . [Early mod. E. iilso 
btirbiiri/ (ME. bur/mri n/). < <>!'. Imrlnri'-, < bar- 
bii-r, a barber : see barbi -r and -fry.] If. A 
lull bcr's shop. 2. The occupation or craft of 
a barber. [Rare.] 
The union of siuxa-rv ami M// /-</ \s as partially dissolved 
In 1540 (32 Henry VIII., c. 42), the barbers being confined 
by that Act to their own tuuiimws, pins blood letting :uxl 
tooth-drawing. -V. mid y., 7th ser., II. I 1 .*;. 
striped spirally with alternate bands of colors, generally 
red or black and white, and often, in Europe, having 
brass basin at the end, placed as a sign at the door of 
barber's shop. The striping is in imitation of the ribbon 
with which the arm of a person who has been bled is 
bound up, and originally indicated that the barter com- 
bined minor surgical operations with his other work. 
barber (biir'ber), v. t. [< barber, n.] To shave 
and dress the hair of. 
Our courteous Antony, . . . 
Being barber'd ten times o'er, goes to the feast. 
Shak., A. and <:., ii. 2. 
barbera (bar-ba'ra), w. [It.] An Italian red 
wine, made in t'iedinont from a variety of 
grapes so called. 
barber-boat (bar'ber-bot), . A small boat 
like a canoe, in use at Canton in the south of 
China: probably so called because in the early 
days of trade with China native barbers used 
such boats in going about among the shipping. 
barber-chirurgeont (bar'ber-kl-rer'jon), n. A 
barber-surgeon. 
He put himself into a barber-chirurffeon'g hands, who, by 
unfit applications, rarefied the tumour. 
Wiieman, Surgery. 
barberess (bar'ber-es), n. [< barber + -ess.] 
A female barber; a barber's wife. 
barber-fish, (bar'ber-fish), n. In ichth., Teuthis 
eceruleus or some other fish of the family Tcu- 
thididte. 
barbermongert (bar'ber-mung"ger), n. A man 
who frequents the barber's shop, or prides him- 
self on being dressed by a barber ; a fop. Shak. , 
Lear, ii. 2. 
barberry (bar'ber-i), . ; pi. barberries (-iz). 
[Also berberry, early mod. E. also barbery, bar- 
bary, berbery (the term, simulating 6erry 1 ),<ME. 
barbere (cf. F. berberis, formerly berbere) = Sp. 
berberis = It. berberi, < ML. berberis, barbaris, 
of uncertain origin. The Ar. barbaris, Pers. 
barbari, are from the ML.] 1. A shrub of the 
genus Berberis, B. vulgaris, bearing racemes of 
yellow ill-smelling flowers, which produce red 
elongated berries of a pleasantly acid flavor, a 
native of Europe and extensively naturalized 
in New England. From the root of the barberry a yel- 
low coloring matter is obtained, which when rendered 
brown by alkalis is used in the manufacture of morocco 
leather. In England also called pepperidge or piprayc. 
See Berberis. 
2. The fruit of this shrub. 
barberry-fungus (bar'ber-i-fung'gus), n. A 
fungus which attacks the leaves of the common 
barberry, formerly known as JEeidium Ber- 
beridig, but now proved to be the eecidiospore 
stage of the red and black rust (Puccinia gra- 
in in is) which is found upon wheat, oats, other 
kinds of grain, and various species of grass. 
Also called barberry-rust or barberry-clustcr- 
cups. See cut under Puccinia. 
barber-surgeon (bar'ber-ser"jon), . Formerly, 
one who united the practice of surgery with 
that of a barber ; hence, an inferior practitioner 
of surgery. 
Those deep and public brands, 
Tli:it flu 1 whole company of barber-sttryeont 
SliuuM not take off with all their arts and plaisters. 
B. Jonson, Poetaster, To the Reader. 
barbery-t. . See 
barbevt (bar'bet), n. [< F. b<irbi-lii; OF. biir- 
bi-ti; dim. of barbe, < L. barba, a beard : sec 
barb 1 ."} 1. A small beard. 2. A part of the 
helmet in use in the sixteenth century; either 
(a) the fixed beaver or mentonni^re, or (b) the 
1OW6T part of the vizorwhen made in two pieces, 
so that either could be raised without the other. 
Compare barbate. Also spelled barbett. 
barbet 2 (bar'bet), n. [< F. barbel (prob. for 
barbe), < OF. barbet, < L. barbatus, bearded. 
Cf. barbate.] 1. A variety of dog having long 
curly hair j a poodle. 2. In oritith., any bird 
of the families Capitonidte (or Megala'tiiidw) and 
liuceoniila:. It is a book-name which bus followed tin- 
generic names Capita and Btuxu in their various applica- 
tions to numerous zygodactyl birds with large heads, stout 
bills, and prominent rictal vibrissw, inhabiting both the old 
and the new world, and has consequently no exact techni- 
cal meaning. Flsslrostral barbets, the puff-birds ; the 
birds of the family Buccunidft (which see). They are con- 
fined to America, belong to the three leading genera, 
Bucco, Monasa, and Cheluluptera, and include the birds 
known as barbacous, tamatias, or monases. (See these 
words.) They are closely related to the jacamars or Gal- 
bitlidce, but have no special affinity with the scr.nsorial 
barbels. Scansortal barbets, the barbets proper; the 
birds of the family CapitimMce (which see). They are 
chiefly birds of the old world, of the leading genera Po~ 
gvnias (or Pogunorhynch\ut\ Meyalcetiia, Calvrhamphus, 
Trachyphvnu*, Psttopoyon, etc., including the African 
birds known as barbions and barbicans ; but they also 
include the South American genus Capita. 
barbettt, . See barbel, 2. 
barbette (bar-bet'), n. [F., fern. dim. of barbe, 
< L. barba, beard. Cf. barbe fl.] The platform 
or breastwork of a fortification, from which 
cannon may be fired over the parapet instead 
of through embrasures Barbette-carriage, a car- 
riage which elevates a gun sufficiently to enable it to be 
fired over the parapet, and lowers it again behind the 
parapet after the discharge. See gun^arriage. Bar- 
bette gun, or battery, one gun, or several, mounted in 
barbette. Barbette ship, a war-vessel, generally an 
ironclad, carrying heavy guns which are fired over the 
bulwarks and not through port-holes. To flre In bar- 
bette. See ftarfcl, 10. 
barb-feathers (barb ' feTH ' erz), . pi. The 
feathers under the beak of a hawk. 
barbican 1 (bar'bi-kan), n. [Early mod. E. 
also barbacan, etc., < ME. barbican, berbikan, 
barbygan, etc., < OF. barbicane, barbaquenne, 
mod. F. barbicane = Pr. Sp. barbicana = Pg. 
barbicao = It. barbicane, < ML. barbicana, bar- 
bacana, "barbacanvs, a barbican : supposed to be 
Barbus 
of Ar. or Pers. origin, introduced into Europe by 
the crusaders; cf. Ar. IVrs. linli-lchiiimli, a gate- 
house, gateway with a tower.] 1. In meili' // 
fort., an outwork of a castle or fortified place. 
(*/) Properly, a [Mist in whieh a forre could tie .shelter- >I - 
as to be ready for a sortie to pi..t. rl communication., etc, 
Such a work frequently .supplied an advantageous means 
for taking an a-ssailant in the Hank, and, while ri>nnnnni- 
cating with the main )>ost, seldom euntaineil the ehii-r 
entrance to it. (') An ontiwst of any nature, an a l.ihluc 
tower, ur adef.'HM- oUtsi.le of tin 1 lll.iat pr-'tertillL,' tllr ;ip 
proaeb to the drawbritlge ; also a gateway-tower throiiKh 
which the main entiaurc was carried. 
\V ithin the llarlrirnu a Porter sate. 
Day and night dncly keeping watch ami ward. 
N//.-/IH.-C, K. i;., 11. \\. 2ii. 
He leads a Ix.-ly of men close under the outer barrier of 
the W"V.(/i. >'<,/, Ivanhoe, II. vi. 
2. A loophole. [Bare and obsolete.] 
He caused certain barbacmi* <r l(K>p-h'ile.s t>. 'n- pi- ir, I 
through the walls. Holland, tr. of IJvy. xxtv. :<1. 
3. A channel or scupper in ;i parap"! for the 
discharge of water. 
barbican- (biir'bi-kan), H. [Appar. a made 
word, based (like barbion, <j. v.) on F. barbe, 
a beard.] A scansorial barbet of the family 
Cajntonida; and subfamily PMOnorkyNoMlMV, or 
the genus 1'ogonias in a broad sense. The bar- 
bicans are all African, like the barbious. 
barbicel (bar'bi-sel), n. [< NL. "barbicelUi, 
dim. of L. barba, a beard. Cf. barbel.~\ In 
uriiitH., a fringing process of the third order of 
a feather ; a fringe of a barbule ; one of the 
processes with which a barbule is fringed, dif- 
fering from a hamulus or booklet in not being 
recurved. 
barbiers (bar'berz), n. [Seedef.] A paralytic 
disease formerly very common in India, and 
believed to be identical with beriberi (which 
see), or to be another form of that disease. 
barbigerOUS (bar-bij'e-rus), a. [< L. barbiyer 
((. barba, beard, + gerere, carry) + -ow*.] 
Bearded; wearing a beard: in bot., applied to 
petals that are hairy all over. 
barbion (bar'bi-on), n. [< F. barbion (t). < 
barbe, a beard. Cf. barbet 2 .] An African scan- 
sorial barbet of the genus Harbatula, family 
Megalcemida; or Cajiitonida;. 
barbiton, barbitos (bar'bi-ton, -tps), n. ; pi. 
barbita (-ta). [< Gr. fiapfiiTav, earlier /IdpfiiTof, 
a word prob. of Eastern origin.] An ancient 
Greek musical instrument of the lyre kind. 
barbie, . See barbel, 3. 
bar bole t, n. A very heavy battle-ax. 
barbotine (bar'bo-tin), . [F., wormwood, se- 
men-contra, < ba'rboter, dabble.] 1. An East 
Indian vegetable product, the chief constituents 
of which are wax, gum, and bitter extract. 
Simmonds. 2. Worm-seed. Simmonds. 3. In 
ceram., same as slip. 
barb-pigeon (barb'pij"on), n. Same as barb 3 , 2. 
barbret, See barbar. 
barbu (bar'bu), n. [F., < barbe: see barb 1 .] 
1. A name, derived from Buff on and other 
French naturalists, equivalent to barbet in any 
of the senses of the latter, as applied to birds 
either of the family Bucconidai or family Capi- 
tonidai. See these words, and barbe ft. 2. pi. 
The birds of the family Capitonida; alone, as 
distinguished from the Bucconidce. 
barbula (bar'bu-la), w. ; pi. barbate (-le). .[L., a 
little beard, a small barb: see barbule.] 1. 
Same as barbide, 1. 2. [cap.] [NL..] A large 
genus of true mosses characterized by termi- 
nal, erect fruit, and a peristome of long fili- 
form segments spirally twisted to the left. 
3. [cap.] [NL.] A genus of bivalve mol- 
lusks. 
barbulate (bar'bu-lat), a. Same as barbellate. 
barbule (bar'bul), . [< L. barbula, dim. of 
barba, beard.] 1. A small barb, as of a plant; 
a little beard. Also barbula. 
2. In ornith., one of a 
series of pointed, barb-like 
processes fringing the barbs 
of a feather. 
i 
Barbican. Plan of Castle of Carcassonne, France ; irth and i^th 
centuries. 
A t C, barbican protecting the approach on the side of the town ; B, 
sally-port; Amain barbican without the walls; E t K , Z. F. H, forti- 
tied way between the castle and the barbican ; /, postem-^ate, de- 
fended by machicolations, drawbridge, a berse, etc. ; /,, interior court 
of castle ; M, secondary court ; N, J\, covered galleries affording ac- 
commodations in case of siege ; O, O, chief gate of the castle and 
bridge over the moat ; P, Q, Q, permanent lodgings, three stories high ; 
K, X, double donjon, or keep; S, watch-tower; T, guard-post ne- 
tween the double walls of the city ; V t barriers earned across the 
space intervening between the city walls; ,f, Y. X, towers connected 
by curtains. (From Violtet-le-Duc's " Diet, de 1' Architecture.") 
As the rhachis [of a feather] 
bears its vane or series of barbs, 
so does each barb bear its vaties of 
the second order, or little vanes, 
called barfntlet. 
Coues, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 84. 
3. The part of a helmet 
which protects the cheeks *.*. Barbs ; , a. Barbuics. 
and Chin. (Highly magnified.) 
Barbus (bar'bus), . [NL M < L. fairbm, a bar- 
bel, < barbdj beard: see barbel.] An extensive 
genus of cyprinoid fishes, containing the bar- 
bels, typified by the common barbel of Europe, 
