Barbus 
Barbel (Barbus vul^aris], 
B. vulgaris : used with varying latitude by dif- 
ferent writers. 
barbutet, [OF., orig. fern, of "barbut. barbn. 
mod. F. barton, bearded, < barbe, beard.] 1. A 
steel cap without vizor, but covering the cheeks 
and ears, used in the fifteenth century and 
later by foot-soldiers, archers, etc., and by the 
common people in times of danger. 2. A man- 
at-arms: from the name of the helmet worn by 
heavily armed men. 
barca 1 (biir'kii), . A fish of the family Ojiliio- 
cephalidce (Ophiocephahis barca), living in the 
fresh waters of Bengal. 
barca 2 (biir'ka), n. [It., Sp., bark: see bark'*.'] 
A boat, skiff,'or barge. N. E. I) Barca longa 
(lit. long boat), a fishing-boat, common in the Mediterra- 
nean. Fini'liuiii, Ship-building, iv. 11. 
Barcan (bar'kan), a. Of or pertaining to Bar- 
ca, a vilayet of the Turkish empire, in northern 
Africa, lying to the north of the Libyan desert, 
and between Egypt and the gulf of Sidra. 
Take the wings 
Of morning, pierce the Barcan wilderness. 
Bryant, Thanatopsis. 
barcarole (bar'ka-rol), . [< It. barcarolo, bar- 
caruolo, a boatman (fem. barcaruola, > F. bar- 
carolle, > E. barcarole, a boatman's song), < 
barca, a bark, barge: see bark 3 .] 1. An Ital- 
ian boatman. 2. A simple song or melody 
sung by Venetian gondoliers. 3. A piece of 
instrumental music composed in imitation of 
such a song. 
Also spelled barcarolle. 
barce (bars), n. [Another spelling of barse, 
q. v.] An English (Yorkshire) name of the 
stickleback. 
barcelonat (bar-se-16'na), n. [Named from Bar- 
celona, a city in Spaing A neck-cloth of soft 
silk. 
The author of Waveiiey entered ; . . . a double barcelona 
protected his neck. Scolt, Peveril of the Peak, Pref. 
barcenite (bar'se-nit), n. [After Prof. Mari- 
ano Barcema, of Mexico.] A hydrous antimo- 
niate of mercury from Huitzuco, Mexico, de- 
rived from the alteration of livingstonite. 
B. Arch. An abbreviation of Bachelor of Archi- 
tecture, a degree granted by some colleges and 
schools in the United States. 
Barclayite (biir'kla-It), . Same as Bcrean, 2. 
barcon, barcone (b'ar'kon, bar-ko'ne), n. [< It. 
barcone, aug. of barca, a bark : see bark 3 .] A 
trading-vessel used in the Mediterranean. 
bar-cutter (bar'kut"er), n. A shearing-machine 
which cuts metallic bars into lengths. M. H. 
Knight. 
bard 1 (bard), n. [Formerly also barth, bardh 
(< W.), and Sc. baird (< Gael.); = F. barde 
= Sp. Pg. It. bardo, < LL. bardus, Gr. jidpiof ; 
of Celtic origin: W. bardd = Ir. and Gael. 
bard = Corn, bardh = Bret, barz, a poet.] 
1. A poet and singer among the ancient Celts; 
one whose occupation was to compose and sing 
verses in honor of the heroic achievements 
of princes and brave men, and on other sub- 
jects, generally to the accompaniment of the 
harp. The Welsh bards formed a hereditary order regu- 
lated by laws, and held stated festivals for competition, 
called eisteddfods, which after a long suspension were re- 
vived in the eighteenth century. (See eisteddfod.) There 
was also a hereditary gild of bards in Ireland, many of 
whom attained great skill. 
There is amongest the Irish a certayne kind of people 
called Bards, which are to them insteede of poetts, whose 
profession is to sett foorth the prayses and disprayses of 
men in theyr poems and rimes. Spenser, State of Ireland. 
2f. Formerly, in Scotland, a strolling musician ; 
a minstrel : classed with vagabonds, as an ob- 
ject of penal laws. 
All vagabundis, fulis [fools], bardit, scudlaris, and siclike 
idill pepill, sail be brint in the cheek. 
Kenneth's Stat., in Sir J. Balfour's Practick, 680. (.V. E. D.) 
3. In modern use, a poet: as, the bard of Avon 
(Shakspere) ; the Ayrshire bard (Burns). 
u * . t Sard, who with some diviner art 
Hast touched the bard's true lyre, a nation's heart. 
Lowell, To Lamartine. 
4. [See def. 2 and bardy, and cf. skald, scald, 
a poet, as related to scold."] A scold: applied 
only to women. [Shetland.] 
450 
bard 2 (bard), H. [Also corruptly burl ft, formerly 
bardc, < F. bardc (= It. Sp. "Pg. barda), the 
trappings of a 
horse, the de- 
fensive armor 
of a war-horse. 
Cf. OF. barddli- 
(see bardelle), F. 
dial. aubarde, 
Sp. Pg. albarda, 
a pack-saddle, < 
Ar. al-barda'ah, 
< al, the, + bar- 
da' alt, a pad of 
wool placed un- 
der a saddle, 
a pack-saddle. 
But the meaning 
Seems to have Horse-armor of Maximilian I. of Germany. 
bppn illflnpnc pfl a < chamfron; *. criniere; c, poitre! ; ft, 
Q croupiere, or buttock-piecc. 
by Icel. bardh, 
the beak or prow of a ship of war, the brim of 
a helmet, orig. a beard, = E. beard (see beard) ; 
hence the variations of form, barde and barbe.] 
1 . Any one of the pieces of defensive armor used 
in medieval Europe to protect the horse. There is 
no record of any general use of such armor in antiquity or 
among Oriental peoples, or in the European middle ages 
before the fifteenth century. Housings of different kinds 
of stuff, sometimes quilted and wadded in exposed parts, 
the saddle with its appurtenances, and occasionally a 
chamfron, were all the defense provided for horses until 
that time. The piece of armor most commonly used after 
the chamfron (which see) was the bard of the breast. See 
poitrel. The croupiere, or part covering the haunches, was 
added at the close of the fifteenth century ; but after the 
wars of the Roses the bards reached their fullest develop- 
ment, and the upper part of the body of the horse was 
covered as completely with steel as the body of his rider. 
See croupiere. 
Hence 2. pi. The housings of a horse, used 
in tourneys, justs, and processions during the 
later middle ages. They were most commonly 
of stuff woven or embroidered with the arms 
of the rider. 
The bases and bardes of their horse were grene sattyn. 
Hall, Henry VIII., an. 1 (1548). 
3. pi. Armor of metal plates, worn in the six- 
teenth century and later. See armor. 
A compleat French man-at-armes with all his bards. 
florin, tr. of Montaigne, II. ix. 225. (N. E. D.) 
bard 2 (bard), v. t. [< bard 2 , n.] To caparison 
with bards, as a horse ; to furnish or accoutre 
with armor, as a man. 
Fifteen hundred men . . . barded and richly trapped. 
S(oic, Edw. IV., an. 1474. 
Above the foaming tide, I ween, 
Scarce half the charger's neck was seen ; 
For he was barded from counter to tail, 
And the rider was armed complete in mail. 
Scott, L. of L. M., i. 29. 
bard 3 (bard), n. [< F. barde (= Pg. barda = Sp. 
albarda), a strip of bacon ; a particular use of 
barde, trappings: see bard 2 .] A strip of bacon 
used to cover a fowl or meat in roasting. 
bard 3 (bard), v. t. [< Sards, n.] To cover with 
thin bacon, as a bird or meat to be roasted. 
bardaslff (bar'dash), n. [< F. bardache, < Sp. 
bardaxa = It. bardancia, < Ar. bardaj, slave, 
captive.] A boy kept for unnatural purposes. 
barde 1 barde 2 , . See bardi, bard 2 . 
barded (bar'ded), p. H. [< bard 2 + -erf 2 . Cf. 
barbed 2 .] Furnished with or clad in armor: 
said of a war-horse. 
bardelle, (bar-del'), n. [< OF. bardelle (= It. 
bardella), dim. of barde : see bard 2 .] A pack- 
saddle made of cloth, stuffed with straw, and 
tied down tightly with pack-thread. 
Bardesanism (bar-des'a-nizm), n. [< Barde- 
sanes + -ism.] The doctrinal system of the 
Bardesanists. 
Bardesanist (baixles'a-nist), w. One of the 
followers of Bardesanes, of Edessa, in Meso- 
potamia, in the second and third centuries. 
He is said to have taught doctrines resembling those of 
the Gnostic Valentinus, namely: a self-existent principle 
of evil ; that the soul is imprisoned in the body by way 
of punishment ; and that therefore a body was not assumed 
by Christ in his incarnation, and is not to be raised at the 
resurrection. Recent discussions have shown, however, 
that the true nature of his doctrines remains an open 
question. There are still extant Syriac hymns and prose 
works ascribed to Bardesanes. 
Bardesanite (bar-des'a-nit), n. [< Bardesanes 
+ -ite 2 .] A Bardesanist. 
He [Man!) looked upon what he considered to be Chris- 
tianity proper, that is, Christianity as it had been devel- 
oped among the sects of the Basilidians, Marcionites, and 
perhaps Bardesanites, as a comparatively valuable and 
sound religion. Encyc. Brit., XV. 485. 
bardic (bar'dik), a. [< bard* + -ic.] Of, per- 
taining to, or of the character of a bard or 
bards. 
bare 
Here, in the open air in "the eye of light and the face 
of the sun," to use the bardic style the decrees were pro- 
nounced, and the Druids harangued the people. 
/. D'litraeli, Amen, of Lit., I. 20. 
barding (bill 1 'ding), . [< bard 2 + -z/ir/ 1 .] 
Horse-armor in general: usually in the plural. 
See bard 2 , 1. 
bardish (biir'dish), a. [< feorrf 1 + -i*7<i.] Per- 
taining to or characteristic of bards: as, "bard- 
ish impostures," Selden, Drayton's Polyolbion. 
bardism (bar'dizm), . [< bard 1 + -ism.'] The 
science of bards ; bardic principles or methods. 
bardlet (bard'let), n. [< bardi + -let.] A bard- 
ling. 
bardling (biird'ling), H. [< bard 1 + -liny 1 .] An 
inferior bard ; a mediocre or inexperienced 
poet. 
The forte of baritliixjs is the foible of a bard. 
Stedinan, Poets of America, p. Hi!'. 
bardocucullus (biir"do-ku-kul'us), n. ; pi. bar- 
docuculli (-i). [NL.] ' A kind of cowled cloak 
anciently worn by some Gallic peasants, and 
adopted by Romans and monks. See cucullus. 
bards (biirdz), n. [Sc. ; cf. F. barbate, an eel- 
pout.] A local name in Edinburgh of the eel- 
pout, Zparce.1 viriparus. 
hardship (bard'ship), n. [< bard 1 + -ship.] 
The office of bard; position or standing as a 
bard. 
The Captain . . . showed a particular respect for my 
hardship. Hums, Border Tour, p. 59. (N. E. D.) 
bardy (biir'di), a. [< bardl, in the depreeiative 
senses (defs. 2 and 4), + -/y 1 .] Bold-faced; de- 
fiant; audacious. [Scotch.] 
bare 1 (bar), a. [< ME. bare, bar, < AS. bar = 
05. 6ar=OFries. ber = D. baar = OHG. MHG. 
bar, G. bar, baar = Ioe\. berr=Sw. Dan. bar 
= OBulg. ?>OSM = Lith. basus, bogus, bare; orig. 
meaning prob. 'shining'; cf. Skt. / bhds, 
shine.] 1. Naked; without covering: as, bare 
arms; the trees are bare. 
Thou wast naked and bare. K/.rk. xvi. 7. 
Envy finds 
More food in cities than on mountains bare. 
Lowell, Dara. 
2. With the head uncovered. In numismatic de- 
scriptions, said of a head on a coin or medal when uncov- 
ered or devoid of any adornment, such as a diadem or 
laurel-wreath. 
When once thy foot enters the church, be bare. 
Herbert, Church Porch. 
Thou standest bare to him now, workest for him. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 357. 
3. Open to view ; unconcealed ; undisguised. 
Bare in thy guilt, how foul must thou appear! 
Milton, S. A., 1. 902. 
4. Lacking in appropriate covering or equip- 
ment; unf urnished : as, bare walls. 5f. Plain; 
simple ; unadorned ; without polish. 
Yet was their manners then but bare and plain. 
Spenser. 
6. Threadlese; napless. 
It appears, by their bare liveries, 
That they live by your bare words. 
Shak., T. O. of V., ii. 4. 
7. Poor; destitute; indigent; empty; unfur- 
nished ; unprovided with what is necessary 
or comfortable : absolutely or with of. 
I have made Esau bare. Jer. xlix. 10. 
Upon her death, when her nearest friends thought her 
very bare, her executors found in her strong box about 
150 in gold. Sw\ft, Death of Stella. 
Tho' your violence should leave them bare 
O/gold and silver, swords and darts remain. 
Dryden, tr. of Juvenal's .Satires. 
8. Empty; valueless; paltry; worthless. 
Not what we give, but what we share 
For the gift without the giver is bare. 
Louvll, Sir Launful. 
9. Mere; scarcely or just sufficient: as, the 
bare necessaries of life ; a bare subsistence. 
Pray you, cast off these fellows, as unfitting 
For your bare knowledge, aud far more your company. 
Beau, and Fl., Scornful Lady, iv. 2. 
10. Unaccompanied; without addition; sim- 
ple. 
It was-a bare petition of a state. Shale., Cor., v. 1. 
11. Unadorned; without literary or artistic ef- 
fect; bald; meager. 
Much has yet to be done to make even the bare annals 
of the time coherent. Athen&wn, No. 3067, p. 170. 
12. In beer-making, not completely covered by 
the bubbles formed in fermentation : said of the 
surface of beer. 13f. Raw; excoriated. 
How many flyes in whottest sommers day 
Do seize upon some beast, whose flesh is bare. 
Spenser, F. Q., VI. xi. 48. 
14f. Lean; spare. 
