baroco 
456 
baronet 
mnemonic name of a mood of syllogism in the 
second figure, having a universal affirmative 
major premise, a particular negative minor, 
and a particular negative conclusion : as, 
Every true patriot is a friend to religion ; some 
great statesmen are not friends to religion; 
therefore, some great statesmen are not true 
patriots. Five of the six letters that compose the word 
are significant. B means that it is to be reduced to bar- 
barn; a, that the major premise is universal aftirmative ; 
o, that the minor premise is particular negative ; c, that 
the syllogism is to be reduced per impossible (see reduc- 
tion); and o, that the conclusion is particular negative. 
See M>orf2. Also spelled baroko. 
baroco'-, barocco (ba-ro'ko), a. 
Same as baroque. 
barogram (bar'o-gram), n. The record traced 
by a barograph. 
barograph (bar'o-graf), . [< Gr. fidnoc., weight, 
+ ypdfyfiv, write.] A self-registering instrument 
for recording variations in the pressure of the 
atmosphere. It is made by attaching to the lever of a 
counterpoised barometer an arm with a pencil in contact 
with a sheet of paper, and moved uniformly by clockwork. 
The result is a continuous trace, whose changes of form 
correspond to the variations of pressure. In another form 
a ray of light is made to traverse the upper part of the 
barometer-tube and fall on a moving ribbon of sensitized 
paper, the rising and falling of the mercury in the barome- 
ter causing the beam of light to be increased or dimin- 
ished in width, thus showing the changes in the barometer 
by the continuous photographic record of the paper. In 
still another form the movement of the mercury-column 
is used to close an electric circuit and thus report its 
movements. Also called barowetroffraph. 
barographic (bar-o-graf'ik), a. [< barograph 
+ -ic.~\ Of or pertaining to a barograph; fur- 
nished by the barograph : as, barographic rec- 
ords. 
baroko, n. See baroco^. 
barolite (bar'o-lit), n. [< Gr. fiapoc, weight, -f- 
Aidof, stone.] Barium carbonate. Seewitherite. 
barology (ba-rol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. flapof, weight, 
+ -foyia, < heyeiv, speak: see -ology.] The sci- 
ence of weight or of the gravity of 
bodies. 
baromacrometer (bar"o-mak-rom'- 
e-ter), n. [< Gr. /idpof, weight, + 
[taupdc., long, + fdrpov, a measure.] 
An instrument invented by Pro- 
fessor Stein for ascertaining the 
weight and the length of new-born 
infants. 
barometer (ba - rom ' e - ter), n. [< 
Gr. fidpof, weight, + fitrpov, a mea- 
sure.] An instrument for measur- 
ing the weight or pressure of the 
atmosphere, invented by Evange- 
lista Torricelli, an Italian mathe- 
matician and physicist, in 1643. 
The simplest form of this instrument is a 
glass tube over 30 inches long, sealed at one 
end, and then filled with mercury. When 
the tube is inverted, with the open end 
dipping into a cup or cistern of mercury, 
the column sinks, leaving a vacuum at the 
top, till the pressure of the atmosphere on 
each unit of surface of the mercury in the 
cistern equals the weight of the column in 
the tube over each unit of surface of the 
horizontal section at the level of the mer- 
cury outside, when the pressure of the 
column of mercury just balances that of 
the atmosphere. 
The rise and fall 
can be measured 
on a graduated 
scale. Barome- 
ters of this form 
are called cis- 
tern barometers. 
They are the 
commonest of 
rough mercurial 
metric measurements, experiments, observa- 
tions, or the like. 
A scrap of parchment hung by geometry, 
(A great refinement in baroinetry), 
Can, like the stars, foretell the weather. 
Sttrift, Grub Street Elegy. 
^^(^^IS^^Sftfe^lo^ barometz (bar'o-mets), . [Appar. an errone- 
ous transliteration of Kuss. haranetsu, club- 
moss, connected with baranu, a ram, sheep.] 
The decumbent caudex of the fern Dicknoi/in 
Baromctz, also called Agnus Scythicvs, the 
Scythian or Tatarian lamb. See Agnus Scythi- 
cus, under agnuK. Also written boramez. 
phon barometer having a float resting on the surface of 
the mercury in the open branch, and a thread attached to 
the float passing over a pulley, and having a weight at its 
extremity ;is u t-oimUTpoisc to the float. As the mercury 
rises and falls the thread turns the pulley which moves 
the index of the dial. The barometer is used in many 
I>hy.sic:il and chemical determinations, but its most ordi- 
naryr- --"- -"-- - - - 
the w< 
of stations above the sea-level. Aneroid barometer, .* 
portable instrument, invented by 51. Vidi of Paris, for in- 
dicating the pressure of the atmosphere without the use of 
mercury orother fluid. It consists of a circular metallic box 
which is exhausted of air, and of which the corrugated dia- 
phragms are held in -a state of tension by powerful springs. 
The varying pressure of the atmosphere causes a variation . ... 
Fit baroCCoA of the rarfece of the diaphragm, which variation, being harnmntnr rhar'o mo tori K (Jr 
J multiplied by delicate levers and a nne chain wound around DaromOTOr (,Dai o-mo-tpr;, . LS * . . 
a pinion, actuates an index-pointer which moves over a weight, + li. motor. J A portable nand- and 
graduated scale. Bourdon's metallic barometer is an ane- foot-power having two treadles connecting 
roid barometer consisting of a flattened, curved tube, ex- ^th cranks on a fly-shaft. E. H. Knight. 
baron (bar'on), n. [Early mod. E. also barron, 
< ME. baroii, barun, baroun, < OF. baron, barun 
(orig. ace. of ber) = Pr. bar, ace. baron, baro 
= Sp. varon = Pg. rarao = It. barone, prop, 
a man (It. now a vagabond), then specifically 
one who was a 'man' or vassal of the king or 
other superior, whence the later use of the 
term as a title, F. baron, fern, baronne, whence, 
from F. or E., in other languages, Sp. baron, 
Pg. barao, It. barone, G. Dan. Sw. baron, Icel. 
barun, Russ. baronu, etc. ; < ML. baro(n-), a man 
(L. homo or vir), hence, in particular uses, vas- 
sal, servant, freeman, husband. Origin un- 
certain; by some connected through 'servant' 
with L. baro(n-), a simpleton, blockhead, 
dunce.] 1. In Great Britain, the title of a no- 
bleman holding the lowest rank in the peer- 
age ; a member of the baronage : as, Huron 
haustedof airandhavingoneendflxedandtheothergeared Arundell of Wardour ; a Scotch baron. The 
to an index-pointer which traverses a graduated arc. The 
curvature of the tube is affected by variations in the 
atmospheric pressure, and the pointer is moved corre- 
spondingly on the dial. Marine barometer, a cistern 
barometer adapted to the conditions of a ships motion, 
being suspended by gimbals, and having a stricture in 
the tube to lessen the oscillations of the mercury. 
Pumping of the barometer, an unsteadiness in the 
barometric column, due to a gusty wind. Self -register- 
ing barometer, a barograph (which see). True height 
of the barometer, the height of the barometer corrected 
to the standard density of mercury (that is, its density at 
the freezing-point of water), for variations of gravity, for 
the effect of capillarity, index-error, expansion of the 
scale, etc. The United States Signal Office also corrects 
for the elevation of the station above the sea-leveL See 
atmoujthere and sympiesonieter. 
barometer-flowers (ba-rom'e-ter-flou"erz), n. 
pi. Artificial flowers colored with chlorid of 
cobalt. In dry air they are blue, and in moist 
air they turn pink. 
barometer-gage (ba-roni'e-ter-gaj),n. Anappa- 
ratus attachedto the boiler of a steam-engine, to 
a condenser, or to some other 
A, It 
Bourdon's Metallic Barometer. 
nt view, showing hand or indicator, a, and the scale ; 6, c, 
mercurial thermometers. B, back view : d, d, tube secured at its mid- 
dle, e, and having its ends connected by links, f,f, to two short levers, 
. H. n the same axis as the hand, a ; h, open plate. 
. 
children of barons have the title "Honorable." Origi- 
nally the barons, being the feudatories of princes, were 
the proprietors of land held by honorable service. Hence 
in ancient records the word barons comprehends all the 
nobility. All such in England had in early times a right 
to sit in Parliament. Anciently barons were greater, 
such as held their lands of the king in capite, or lewer, 
such aa held their lands of the greater barons by military 
service in capite. "The present barons are (1) Barons 
by prescription, for that they and their ancestors have 
immemorially sat in the Upper House. (2) Banna by 
patent, having obtained a patent of this dignity to them 
chamber in which a more or 
less perfect vacuum is liable 
to be formed, to indicate the 
state of the vacuum, in one 
form a reversed U-tnbe has one end 
plunged in a basin of mercury and 
the other connected with the vacu- 
um-chamber. Another common 
form is a U-tube partially filled 
with mercury, and having one end 
open to the air and the other con- 
nected with the vacuum-chamber. 
Any exhaustion in the chamber 
causes the mercury to rise in the 
leg connected with it and to fall in 
the other. The fluctuations are 
noted upon a scale placed between 
the two legs of the tube. 
barometric (bar-o-met'rik), 
a. Pertaining to, made with, 
or indicated by a barometer: 
frequently used is Fortin's ba- 
rometer, in which the cistern is 
adjustable, the zero of the scale 
coinciding with the extremity 
of an ivory pointer (a in second 
figure) which projects down- 
ward from the top of the cis- 
tern-box. The bottom of the 
cistern is made of leather, and 
by a scr 
Two forms of Barome- 
ter-gage. a. bent glass 
tube ; b, mercury-cis- 
tern ; c, c, points at 
which tubes connect with 
metric experiments or mea- 
surements ; barometric changes. Also baric. 
Barometric depression. See depression. -Barometric 
trough, an area of low barometer. See barometer. 
Tornadoes are more frequent when the major axes of 
the barometric troughs trend north and south, or north- 
east and southwest, than when f" 
liament, the name of barons by writ was given to those 
who actually were so summoned. Barons in the peerages 
of Scotland and Ireland have seats in the British Parlia- 
ment only when elected by their order. 
See peer. The word baron was not 
known in the British isles till intro- 
duced from the continent under the 
Norman princes. The coronet of a 
baron of England consists of a plain 
gold circle, with six balls or large pearls 
on its edge, and with the cap, etc., as 
in a viscount's. 
2. A title of the judges or offi- 
cers of the English Court of Ex- 
chequer, hence called barons of the Exchequer, 
the president of the court being called chief 
baron. 3. In law and her., a husband : as, baron 
and feme, husband and wife. 4. On the conti- 
nent of Europe, especially in France and Ger- 
many, a member of the lowest order of heredi- 
tary nobility: in Germany, same as Freiherr. 
Baron of beef, in cookery, two sirloins not cut asunder. 
Barons of the Cinque Ports, members of the British 
House of Commons formerly elected, two for each of the 
seven (originally five) Cinque Ports Dover, Sandwich, 
Romney, Hastings, Hythe, Winchelsea, and Rye. 
baronage (bar'on-aj). n. [< ME. baronage, 
barunage, barnage, <[ OF. barnage, barnaige, F. 
baronnage = Pr. barnatge = It. baronaggio, bar- 
naggio (ML. reflex baronagium), < ML. "barona- 
.-j body of British barons; formerly, the 
nobility or peerage in general. 
The baronage is divided so narrowly that the summons 
or exclusion of half a dozen members changes the fate of 
a ministry or of a dynasty. Stubbs, Const. Hist., 886. 
2. The dignity or rank of a baron. 3f. The 
cury can be raised or low- 
ered until its surface just 
touches the point of the index ; 
this operation must be per- 
formed before each observa- 
tion. The riphon barometer con- 
sists of a bent tube, generally 
nf uniform bore, having two 
unequal legs. The longer leg, 
which must be more than 30 
inches long, is closed, while the 
shorter leg is open ; the differ- 
ence of the levels in the two 
ete^-iTexSr/ofiZ 1 ; |* represents the pressure of 
pointer marking the zero of '"e atmosphere. The wheel ba- 
the scale. rometer usually consists of a si- 
barometrical (bar-o-met'ri-kal), a. Pertain- 
ing to or of the nature of a barometer ; baro- 
metric Barometrical aerometer. See aerometer. 
barometrically (bar-o-met'ri-kal-i), adv. By 
means of a barometer.' 
barometrograph (bar-o-met'ro-graf), n. [< 
Gr. [Jdpof, weight, + fierpov, a measure (see ba- 
rometer), + ypdtyuv, write.] Same as barograph. 
barometrography (bar"6-met-rog'ra-'fi), n. 
[As barometrograph + -y."] The science of the 
barometer ; also, the art of making barometric 
observations. 
barometry (ba-rom'e-tri), w. [As barometer + 
-j.] The art or operation of conducting baro- 
(bar'on-es), ." [< ME. baronesse, 
baronys, < OF. barnesse, baronnesse = Pr. It. 
baronessa (ML. baronissa) : see baron and -ess.] 
The wife of a baron, or (in a few cases in Eng- 
land) a lady holding a baronial title as a peer- 
ess in her own right. 
baronet (bar'on-et), n. [< ME. baronet, baro- 
nete (ML. baronettus, F. baronnet, G. baronet, 
Russ. baronetu, after E.), < baron + -et.'} If. A 
lesser or inferior baron, in this use the word had 
not the specific sense that it received in the time of James 
I. " According'to Spenser ('State of Ireland '), originally 
applied to gentlemen, not barons by tenure, summoned 
to the House of Lords by Edward III. ; perhaps to the 
heirs of barons summoned by writ in their fathers' life- 
