barrier 
lands, determining the relations of the Dutch and the 
Austrians in the strategic towiis of the Low Countries. 
= Syn. 3. Bar, Barrier, Barricade. Bar is the most gen- 
eral, and takes almost all the many figurative meanings. 
Barrier is also full in figurative meaning. Barricade is 
confined strictly to obstructions set with the specific inten- 
tion of stopping passage, as in streets and narrow passes. 
My spirit beats her mortal bars. 
Tennyson, Sir Galahad. 
The barriers which they builded from the soil 
To keep the foe at bay. Bryant, The Prairies. 
The Milanese threw up barricades at their leisure, and 
still the Austrian government remained passive spectators 
of this defiance of the Imperial authority. 
E. Dicey, Victor Emmanuel, p. 77. 
barrier (bar'i-er), r. t. [< barrier, n.] To shut 
in or off with a barrier. 
barrier-gate (bar'i-er-gat), n. A gate which 
closes the entrance through a stockade or bar- 
rier. 
barrigudo (bar-i-go'do), n. [Sp. Pg., big-bel- 
lied, < burriga, belly ; of uncertain origin.] The 
Brazilian name for several monkeys of the ge- 
nus Lagothrix. They are the largest of South Amer- 
ican monkeys, one measuring 53 inches in length, of which 
the tail constituted 26. 
barring 1 (biir'ing), n. [Verbal n. of bar 1 .] In 
mining, timber used for supporting the roof or 
sides of shafts. [Eng.] 
barring 2 (bar'ing), ppr. as prep. [Prop. ppr. of 
bar 1 .] Excepting ; leaving out of the account ; 
apart from: as, barring accidents, I shall be 
there. [Colloq.] 
Little writing-desks, constructed after the fashion of 
those used by the judges of the land, barring the French 
polish. Dickent. 
barring-out (bar'ing-ouf), . Exclusion from 
a place by means of locks or bars ; specifically, 
the act of excluding a schoolmaster from school 
by barricading the doors and windows : a boyish 
sport indulged in at Christmas in Great Britain, 
now nearly obsolete, and sometimes practised 
for mischief in parts of the United States. 
Revolts, republics, revolutions, most 
No graver than a schoolboys' barring-out. 
Tennyson, Princess, Conclusion. 
barris (bar'is). . A name given on the Guinea 
coast to the chimpanzee, and also to the man- 
drill. 
barrister (bar'is-ter), n. [First in the 16th 
century, written barrester, barester, later tar- 
raster, barrister (NL. barrasterius), < barre, bar 
(bar 1 , n.) + -ster, the term, being appar. assim- 
ilated to that of sophister, etc.] A counselor 
or an advocate learned in the law, admitted to 
plead at the bar in protection and defense of 
clients : called in full a barrister at law. The term 
is more especially used in England and Ireland, the cor- 
responding term in Scotland being advocate and in the 
United States counselor at law. In England barristers 
alone are admitted to plead in the superior courts. They 
must previously have belonged to one of the inns of court, 
and are divided into utter or outer barristers, who plead 
without the bar, and queen's (or king's) counsel or ser- 
jeants at law, who plead within the bar. 
After applying himself to the study of the law Bacon 
was admitted in his twenty-second year (1582) as an Utter 
Barrister of Gray's Inn. E. A. Abbott, Bacon, p. 15. 
Inner barrister. Same as bencher, 1. 
bar-roll (biir'rol), n. A bookbinders' tool, of 
circular form, that makes a broad, flat line on 
the sides or backs of books. 
bar-room (bar'rom), n. A room in a public 
house, hotel, restaurant, or other place of re- 
sort, containing a bar or counter where liquors 
or other refreshments are served. 
barrow 1 (bar'o), n. [Early mod. E. also barow, 
barrough (mod. dial, bargli, barf, q. v., also 
berry 2 ); < ME. berw, berug, berg, bergh, beoruh 
(also, with vowel appar. affected by association 
with other words, borw, borgh, burgh, etc., 
whence the mod. form with differentiated 
meaning burrow'*, q. v.), < AS. beorg, beorh 
= OS. berg = OFries. berg, berch = D. berg = 
OHG. berg, MHG. berc, G. berg (>E. berg in ice- 
berg) = Sw. berg = Dan. bjwrg = Goth. *bairgs 
(in deriv. bairgahei, a mountainous district), a 
hill, mountain, = Icel. berg, bjarg, a rock, preci- 
pice, = Olr. brigh, Ir. bri = W. bre = Bret, bre, a 
mountain, hill (cf . W. bry, high), = OBulg. bregu 
= Serv. brijeg = Bohem. breh = Pol. brzeg = 
Buss, beregu, shore, bank ; cf. Zend berezanh, a 
height, berezant, high, = Skt. brihant, strong, 
mighty, lofty, ppr. of / brih, barh, be thick, be 
strong. The orig. notion is that of a height, 
and there is no connection with AS. beorgan, 
etc., cover: see bury 1 ,] If. A hill or moun- 
tain: originally applied to hills or mountains 
of any height, even the greatest, but later re- 
stricted to lower elevations. In this sense the 
word survives only in provincial use or as a 
part of local names in England. 2. A mound; 
a heap. [Prov. Eng.] In particular 3. A 
460 
mound of earth or stones raised over a grave ; 
a sepulchral mound; a tumulus. Barrows are 
among the most important monuments of primitive an- 
tiquity. They are found in Creat Britain and other dis- 
- 
tricts of Europe, and in North America and Asia. They 
are distinguished, according to their peculiarities of form 
and construction, as long, bmad, hotel, bell, cime, etc., bar- 
rows. In the more ancient barrows the bodies are found 
lying extended on the ground, with implements and weap- 
ons of stone or bone beside them. In barrows of later 
date the implements are of bronze, and sometimes, though 
Long Ba 
rarely, of iron, while the remains are often inclosed in a 
stone or earthenware cist and doubled up. Where the 
body was burned the ashes were usually deposited in an 
urn. Barrow-burial is supposed not to have been aban- 
doned in Great Britain until the eighth century. In Eng- 
land, Wilts and Dorset are the counties in which barrows 
most abound. Stone barrows in Scotland are called cairns. 
The numerous barrows of North America are generally 
classed along with other ancient earthworks as mounds, 
or distinguished as burial-mounds. 
Whilst the term tumulus is almost exclusively used in 
speaking of the sepulchral mounds of the ancient Greeks, 
and the conical mounds formed by the Romans, adjoining 
their camps and stations, to serve as land-marks and 
watching-stations, it is used indifferently with the word 
barrow to designate the sepulchral mounds of the ancient 
inhabitants of this and other northern countries. 
Audsley, III. 18. 
A long street climbs to one tall-tower'd mill ; 
And high in heaven behind it a gray down 
With Danish barrows. Tennyson, Enoch Arden. 
4. A burrow or warren. See burrow'*, berry 2 . 
The coney-barrmo of Lincoln's Inn is now covered by 
smooth lawns. Blacktvood's Mag., XXII. 587. 
barrow 2 (bar'o), n. [< ME. barrow, barow, 
barowe, barewe, barwe, < AS. *bcarwe (a form 
"bercwe is cited but not authenticated), a bar- 
row (cf. D. berrie, MHG. bere, a hand-barrow, 
MHG. rade-ber, G. radberge, radbiirge, dial, rade- 
bcrre, a wheelbarrow, Icel. barar, mod. borur, 
pi., a bier, Sw. bar, barrow, bier, Dan. baare, 
bier, AS. bier, E. bier; also L. feretrum, < Gr. 
feperpov, a litter, bier, all from the same ult. 
source), < beran, bear : see bear 1 and bier.] 1. A 
frame used by two or more men in carrying a 
load ; formerly, any such frame, as a stretcher or 
bier; specifically, a flat rectangular frame of 
bars or boards, with projecting shafts or han- 
dles (in England called trams) at both ends, by 
which it is carried: usually called a hand-bar- 
row. 2. A similar frame, generally used in the 
form of a shallow box with either flaring or up- 
right sides, and supported in front formerly by 
two wheels, now by a single small wheel in- 
serted between the front shafts, and pushed by 
one man, who supports the end opposite to the 
wheel by means of the rear shafts: usually 
called a wheelbarrow. 3. A frame or box of 
larger size, resting on an axle between two 
large wheels, and pushed or pulled by means 
of shafts at one end ; a hand-cart : as, a cos- 
termonger's barrow. [Local Eng. (London) and 
Scotch.] 4. Abarrowful; the load carried in 
or on a barrow. 
Have I lived to be carried in a basket, like a bai~row of 
butcher's offal ; and to be thrown in the Thames ? 
Shak., M. W. of W., Hi. 5. 
5. In salt-works, a wicker case in which the 
salt is put to drain. 6. The egg-case of a 
skate or a ray : so called from its resemblance 
to a hand-barrow. 
barrow 2 (bar'o), r. t. [< barrow 2 , n.] To 
wheel or convey in a barrow: as, to barrow 
coal in a pit. 
barrow 3 (bar'o), n. [< ME. barow, barowe, 
baru, < AS. bearg, bearh = Fries, baerg = D. 
barg, berg = OHG. barg, barug, MHG. bare, G. 
larch = Icel. borgr, a castrated boar. Not 
connected, as sometimes suggested, with L. 
verres, a boar, Skt. vardha, a boar. Cf. hog, 
of the same orig. sense.] A castrated boar. 
Also called barrow-pig or barrow-hog. [Now 
chiefly prov. Eng.] 
I say "gentle," though this barrow grunt at the word. 
Milton, Colasterion. 
bars-gemel 
barrow 4 (bar'o), n. [< ME. berwc, < AS. leant, 
a grove (= Icel. borr, a kind of tree); perhaps 
orig. a fruit-bearing tree, < beran = Icel. bera, 
bear.] A wood or grove: a word surviving 
only in English local names, as Jlarrow-in- 
Furness, Barrotc&elA. 
barrow 5 (bar'o), . [E. dial., also larry, Inr- 
rie. Origin obscure, perhaps ult. < AS. beor- 
gan, cover, protect.] Same as barrow-coat. 
barrow-coat (bar'6-kot), n, [E. dial., also btir- 
ricoat; < barrow 5 + coat.] A square or oblong 
piece of flannel, wrapped round an infant's 
body below the arms, the part extending be- 
yond the feet being turned up and pinned. 
Also called barrow and larry. 
barrowman (bar'6-man), n. ; pi. barrowmen 
(-men). A man employed in wheeling a bar- 
row ; specifically, in coal-mining, one who con- 
veys the coal in a wheelbarrow from the point 
where it is mined to the trolleyway or tram- 
way on which it is carried to the place where 
it is raised to the surface. 
barrow-pig (bar'6-pig), n. Same as barrow^. 
A barrow-pig, that is, one which lias been gelded. 
Dryden, Plutarch, II. 397. 
barrow-pump (bar'6-pump), n. A combined 
suction- and force-pump mounted on a two- 
wheeled barrow. 
barrow-tram (bar'6-tram), n. The tram or 
shaft of a wheelbarrow; hence, jocularly, a 
raw-boned fellow. 
Sit down there, and gather your wind and your senses, 
ye black barrow-tram o' the kirk that ye are. Are ye foil 
or fasting? Scott, Guy Mannering, II. xiii. 
barrow-truck (bar'6-truk), n. A two-wheeled 
hand-truck ; especially, such a truck for use in 
moving baggage or freight. 
barrowway (bar'6-wa), n. In coal-mining, an 
underground road on which coal is transported 
from the place where it is mined to the tram- 
way. [Eng.] 
barrule'e (bar-o-la'), a. In her., same as barruly. 
barrulet (bar'o-let), n. [Also barrulette, dim. 
of AF. "barrule, dim. of OF. barre, a bar : see 
bar 1 .] In her., a diminutive of the bar, gen- 
erally considered as being one fourth of its 
width. It is never used alone. Also written 
barrelet. See barruletty. 
barruletty (bar'o-let-i), a. [< barrulet.] In 
her., divided into barrulets: said of the heral- 
dic field. See harry? and barruly. 
barruly (bar'6-li), a. [< AF. barrulee, < 'bar- 
rule, dim. of OF. barre, a bar: see bar 1 .] In 
her., divided into bars or barrulets: said of the 
field when divided into not less than eight parts ; 
if the number is much greater, it is called bar- 
ruletty. Also barrule'e. 
barry 1 (bar'i), . Same as barrow-coat. [Prov. 
Eng.] 
barry 2 (ba'ri), a. [< F. larre, pp. of barrer, 
bar: see bar 1 , v.] In her., divided into bars: 
said of the heraldic field. The 
number of divisions is always even and 
is always mentioned, as barry of four 
pieces, barry of six. etc. ; if there are 
not less than eight divisions, the words 
barruly and barruletty may be em- 
loyed. Also barred. Barry bendy, 
ivided into lozenges by the intersection 
of lines drawn barwise and bendwise. 
This is always supposed to be bendy 
dexter ; when bendy sinister, it is writ- 
ten barry bendy sinister. Also bendy 
barry. Barry paly, divided both barwise and palewise, 
and therefore either cheeky or billety. See these words. 
Barry pily, divided both barwise and diagonally, the 
division forming piles across the field. It is more prop- 
erty blazoned as of piles barmte, the number being men- 
tioned. Barry wavy, divided into waving bands of gen- 
erally horizontal direction : said of the field. This charge 
is used to represent water in cases where a ship or the 
like is to be depicted as afloat. 
Barsac (bar'sak), n. [F.] A general name for 
the white wines made in Barsac, department 
of Gironde, France. All the Barsac wines are sweet- 
ish ; but they have a certain bitterness, and sometimes a 
tarry or resinous flavor, which prevents their being lus- 
cious. 
barse (bars), n. [The original form of the word 
now corrupted to bass (see bass 1 ) ; < ME. barse, 
< AS. bars, bears, perch, = D. baars = MHG. 
bars, G. larsch, OHG. (with added formative) 
bersich, a perch ; prob. akin to birse, bristle, q. v. 
Cf. Sw. and Dan. aborre, perch.] The com- 
mon perch. [Local Eng. (West- 
moreland).] 
bars-gemel (barz'jem'el), n. pi. 
[< fear* + gemel, q. v.] In her., 
two bars placed very near to- 
gether, having more of the field 
above and below them than be- 
tween them. Bars-jtemel. 
Barry of six. 
