bashlyk 
ornamented with silver or silver-gilt galloon. A similar 
article to which this name li;is In-fit niven is worn by 
women in the United States as a light covering for the 
head. 
ll;mi,'ing between the shoulders, and knotted around the 
neek [of the Dttghcstani] is the Intuhlik, or hood, worn dur- 
ing bad weather, this hood being of a nim^'ii roior. 
O'Dotiuvan, Merv, ii. 
I considered that a light fur and a bashlyk a cloth 
hood which protects the ears would be quite Milticient 
to keep out the cold. D. il. Wallace, Russia, p. 21. 
Bashmuric (bash-mS'rik), n. A dialect of Cop- 
tic, named from the district Bashmur of Lower 
Egypt, in the eastern part of the Delta: as, the 
Basnmuric version of the New Testament. Also 
Basnturic. 
basi-. The combining form, in various scien- 
tific terms, of Latin basis (Or. fidaif), base. See 
ftufe 
basia (ba'/i-a), n. pi. [Lit. kisses; pi. of L. 
litifiHiii, a kiss.] A name for erotic verses or 
amorous writings of any kind; anacreontics; 
sapphics : as, the basia of Bonnefons and Se- 
cundus. 
basial (ba'zi-al), a. [< L. basium, a kiss, + -?.] 
Relating to or consisting of a kiss. [Rare.] 
The innocent gaiety of his sister-in-law expressed itself 
in the " funny answers " and the baitial salutation. 
Quarterly Rev. 
basi-alveolar (ba"si-al-ve'o-lar), a. [< ba.tion + 
<i!i-riiltii-.~] In craniam., pertaining to the basion 
and the alveolar point. Also buxio-iilniilitr. 
Basi-alveolar length, the distance between the basfon 
and tlie alveolar point. Bast-alveolar line, the line Join- 
ing the hasion and the alveolar point. See craniometry. 
basiation (ba-zi-a'shon), n. [< L. basiatio(n-), 
< basiare, pp. basiatus, kiss, < basium, a kiss.] 
Kissing. [Rare.] 
basiator (ba'zi-a-tor), n. [NL., < L. basiator, a 
kisser, < basiare, kiss: see basia tion.~] The or- 
bicular muscle of the mouth. Also called or- 
biculiiris oris and oscularis. 
basibrachial (ba-si-bra'ki-al), 
n. In some mollusks, a piece 
like an inverted T, which 
forms a support to the base 
of the " arms" of the fore foot. 
basibracteolate (ba-si-brak'- 
te-o-lat). a. [< L. basis, a 
base, T NL. bracteola + 
-ate 1 .] In bot., having bracts 
at the base : applied especially 
to the involucre of a compo- 
site flower when it is sur- 
rounded at the base by a series showing 
of bracts, as in the dandelion. " 
basibranchial (ba-si-brang'ki-al), a. and n. 
i< L. basis, a base, + branchiie, gills, + -al.~\ 
. a. Pertaining to the base or bony basis of 
gills or branchise, or to the corresponding vis- 
ceral arches of abranchiate vertebrates. 
II. n. A bone or cartilage forming the base 
of a branchia, gill-arch, or visceral arch, in 
birds, the basibranchial is the single median piece of the 
hyoid apparatus usually called urohyal. In typical fishes 
there are three basibranchials in a longitudinal row, be- 
neath the foremost of which is the urohyal, and In front 
the glossohyal. 
basic (ba'sik), a. [< base* + -c.] 1. Relat- 
ing to a base ; of the nature of a base ; funda- 
mental. 
This fciixi'r principle runs through the literature of the 
past from the days of the Zend A vesta. 
If. A. Rev., CXLIII. 373. 
2. In chem. : (a) Performing the office of a base 
in a salt. (6) Having the base in excess ; hav- 
ing more than one equivalent of the base for 
each equivalent of acid. 3. In gcol., contain- 
ing a relatively small amount of silica: ap- 
plied to crystalline rocks, as basalt : opposed 
to acidic. 4. In anat., basal; basilar Basic 
alum. See alum. Basic blue. See blue. Basic line, 
in the spectrum, a name given by Lockyer to those lines in 
the spectrum of an element which, as the spectrum changes 
under increase of temperature, become more conspicuous 
while the others disappear. Certain of these lines being 
common to the spectra of two substances(e. (/..cadmium 
and iron), it is inferred that they may belong to a common 
element present in both and liberated at the highest tem- 
perature. Basic lining, a lining fitted to the interior of 
a Bessemer converter, having a tendency to absorb the 
phosphorus in the melted metal. Basic process, a pro- 
cess of making steel or homogeneous iron, consisting in 
introducing into the lining composition of the Bessemer 
converter and into the charges lime or other earthy base, 
which absorbs phosphorus and other impurities in the 
pig-iron, and permits the use of cheap grades of metal for 
conversion into steel. Also called the Thoman-Gilchrixt 
process. Basic water, water when, as in some cases, it 
appears to act as a base. 
basicerite (ba^sis'e-rit), n. [< Gr. ftaoif, base, + 
Ktpaf, horn.] In Crustacea, the second joint of 
the antenna, or long feeler, succeeding the coxo- 
Cerite. In the crawfish ( Astaau) it bears the scaphoccrite 
30 
Head of Dandelion, 
465 
(considered to represent an exopodltc) and ischiocerite. 
Sre 1'iniofititltnlmia. 
basicity (ba-sis'i-ti), . [< basic + -ity.] In 
cln in. : (a) The state of being a base, or of play- 
ing the part of a base in combination. (Ii) The 
power of an acid to unite with one or more 
atoms of a base. 
Another way in w;h!ch acids may be classified has refer- 
ence to their batticittf: they may be divided into mono- 
basic, dibasic, and tribasic acids. 
//. Walt*, Diet, of Chem., I. 46. 
basicranial (ba-si-kra'ni-al), a. [< L. basis, a 
base, + NL. cranium + -aL] Pertaining to the 
base of the skull. Baslcranial axis. See niisi. 
basidia. n. Plural of basidium. 
basidigltal (ba-si-dij'i-tal), a. [< L. basis, a 
base, + digitus. finger, 4- -al.] In anat., of or 
pertaining to the bases of the digits: applied 
to the metacarpal and metatarsal bones. 
Each digit has a proximal basi-dimtal . . . bone, upon 
which follows a linear series of phalanges. 
Huxley, Anat Vert., p. 31. 
basidigitale (ba'si-dij-i-ta'le), n. ; pi. basidiiji- 
iiilm (-li-a). [NL. : see basidigital.] One of 
the basidigital bones; a metacarpal or meta- 
tarsal bone. 
Basidiomycetes (ba-sid'i-o-mi-se'tez), n. pi. 
[NL., < basidium T Gr. uiixr/f, pi. ulna/res, mush- 
room.] The group of fungi in which the spores 
are borne on basidia, including the Hymenomy- 
cetes, (lasteromi/cetes, and most of the larger 
fungi known as mushrooms and toadstools. 
See cut under basidium. 
basidiomycetous (ba-sid'i-o-mi-se'tus), a. [< 
Basidioiiii/rt -Irs + -oiis.] Belonging to or hav- 
ing the characters of the Basidiomycetes. 
basidiospore (ba-sid'i-6-spor), n. [< NL. basi- 
dium + Gr. airopa, seed.] A spore borne on a 
basidium. 
basidiosporous 
(ba-sid-i-os'po- 
rus), a. [< ba- 
sidiospore + 
-ous. ] Produ- 
cing spores by 
means of ba- 
sidia. 
basidium (ba- 
sid'i-um), n! ; Basidia. 
lttni<li/i f i^^ a t basidium of Ctathrtts fanfettatus ; 6,of 
.oasmia ^a; . Aearic u, , c . O r Lycopv&m C tp/. 
NL., dim. of 
r. f}datf, a base.] In bot., an enlarged cell in 
basidiomycetous fungi, arising from the hyme- 
nium, and producing by abstraction spores borne 
upon slender projections at its summit. 
basifacial (ba-si-fa'shial), a. [< L. basis, base, 
+ fades, face, + -al.] Relating to the base of 
the face, or of the facial, as distinguished from 
the proper cranial, part of the whole skull : ap- 
plied to an anterior evertebral region of the 
base of the primordial skull, corresponding to 
the situation of the trabeculss cranii, and con- 
sequently in advance of the notochordal region 
known as the basicranial. See cut under 
craniofadal. 
This section of the primordial skull maybe conveniently 
termed the basi-facial region, the trabeculse forming a 
support for the forebram. 
Button, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1885, p. 577. 
Basifacial axis. See oxtsi. 
basification (ba'si-fi-ka'shon), n. [< basify : 
see -ation.] In chem., the act of basifying. 
basifler (ba'si-fi-er), n. In chem., that which 
basifies, or converts into a salifiable base. 
basiflxed (ba'si-fikst), a. [< L. basis, base, + 
ftriw, fixed, + -ed 2 .] In bot., attached by the 
base or lower end, as an 
anther upon the filament. 
basifugal (ba-sif 'u-gal), a. 
[< L. basis, a base, + fu- 
gere, flee.] Receding from 
the base: in bot., said of 
the growth of leaves which 
are developed from the 
base upward. 
Two extreme cases may there- 
fore be distinguished in leaves, 
althoughcloselyconnected byin- 
termediate forms : the predom- 
inantly bairifugal or apical, and _. , . ., 
the predominantly basal growth, de Botanique." ) 
Sarht, Botany (trans.), p. 138. 
basify (ba'si-fi), v. t. ; pret. and pp. basified, 
ppr. basifying. [< L. basis, a base, + facere, 
make: see -fy.] In chem., to convert into a 
salifiable base. 
basigynium (ba-si-jin'i-um), . ; pi. basi- 
1/1/11111 (-a). [NL., < Gr. /idaif, a base, + ywfi, 
a female.] In bot., a stalk rising above the 
base of the flower, and bearing the ovary at its 
Basifixed Anthers. 
Basilian 
summit, as in plants of the genus Clmnif. Also 
called />iiiloi/i/iiium, or more frequently gyno- 
lilinrc (which see). 
basihyal (bii-si-hi'al), w. and a. [< L. basis, a 
base, + hy(i)iit) + -nl.] I. n. 1. In vertebrate 
a n i it. . 1 1 1 1 < listal bony element of the second post- 
oral visceral arch, or hyoidean apparatus, rep- 
resented in human anatomy by the so-called 
body of the hyoid bone, bearing two pairs of 
horns or cornua ; in general, the basis or body 
proper of the hyoid arch ; the basihyoid. See 
cut under shall. 2. In irlitlt., the segment of 
the branchiostegal arch next to the basibran- 
chial and urohyal. It is generally double, or 
composed of two pieces on each side. 
IT. a. Relating to the basis or body of the 
hyoid bone or hyoid arch. 
basihyoid (ba-si-hi'oid), a. and n. [< L. basin, 
a base, + E. hyoid.] I. a. Of or pertaining to 
the basihyal. 
II. n. Same as basihyal. 
basil 1 (baz'il), n. [Early mod. E. also bazil, bas- 
scl, < ME. basile. < OF. basile, mod. F. batsUir = 
It. basilico, < ML. basilicum, basilicon (cf. L. ba- 
ttilisca, a plant, also called regula, mentioned as 
an antidote for the bite of the basilisk : see 
basilisk), < Gr. fiaathK6v (sc. Aa^avw, herb), 
basil, neut. of paadiKOf, royal, < flaoifovf, king, 
a word of unknown origin.] A name of several 
labiate plants, especially of the genus Ocyntum. 
0. baxilicum, a native of India, is much used in cookery, 
especially in France, and is known as sweet or common 
basiL Bush or lesser basil is 0. minimum. The holy basil 
of India, O. sanctum, is considered sacred to Vishnu, and 
rosaries are made of its wood. For the wild, stone, or 
field basil of Europe, see basil-weed. In the United States 
the name is given to other aromatic labiates, especially 
to species of Fycnantheinum. 
The ancienta had a curious notion relative to the plant 
basil (O. basilicum), viz., that there IB a property in l*i*il 
to propagate scorpions, and that by the smell thereof 
they are bred in the brains of men. 
Quoted in N. and Q., 1st Her., VIII. 40. 
He once called her his basil plant ; and when she asked 
for an explanation, said that bturtt was a plant which had 
flourished wonderfully on a murdered man's brains. 
George Eliot, Middlemarch, Finale. 
Basil-oil, an aromatic oil obtained from the roots of the 
basil. McMrath. 
basil 2 t, ". [Early mod. E. (def. 1) bassil, < OF. 
tin fill-, mod. F. basilic, a basilisk : see basilisk.] 
1. A large cannon throwing a heavy shot. See 
basilisk, 4. 2. [Perhaps in allusion to a can- 
non-ball.] An iron or fetter fastened round the 
ankle of a prisoner. 
basi! 3 t (baz'il), . A corruption of bezel. 
basil* (baz'il), n. A corruption of basan. 
basilad (bas'i-lad), adv. [< NL. basil(aris) (see 
basilar) + -ad 3 .] To or toward the base. 
basilar (bas'i-lar), a. [= F. basilaire, < NL. 
basilaris, < L. basis, a base.] Relating to or sit- 
uated at the base, especially of the skull. 
Basilar angle. See eranimi>etry. Baailar artery, the 
artery formed by the junction of the vertebral arteries, 
and lying on the basilar process of the occipital bone. 
Basilar groove, a smooth depression on the upper side of 
the basilar process. Basllar membrane of the cochlea, 
a delicate membrane stretching from the lamina spiralis 
to the outer wall. It forms the floor of the canal of the 
cochlea, and supports the organ 
of Corti. Basilar process, 
that portion .of the occipital 
bone which lies in front of the 
foramen magnum. Basilar 
segment, the compound and 
otherwise modified segment of 
the body of a centiped immedi- 
ately succeeding the cephalic 
segment. It hears several pairs 
of appendages, and has neen 
considered to be composed of 
four morphological somites. 
Basilar sinus, or basilar 
plexus, the transverse sinus. 
-Basiiar suture, in anat., 
the suture between the basilar 
process of the occipital bone 
and the body of the sphenoid. Basilar vein, a vein 
ascending from the base of the brain on the outer side of 
the crus cerebri and emptying into the vena Galeni. 
basilary (bas'i-la-ri), a. Same as basilar. 
basilateral (ba-si-lat'e-ral), a. [< L. basis, a 
base, + latus (toter-),"side, + -al.] Situated 
at the side of the base. Also basotateral. 
Basileuterns (bas-i-lu'te-rus), n. [NL., with 
quasi-compar. suffix, < Gr. fiaotfalf, a king.] 
A large genus of tropical and subtropical 
American oscine passerine birds, of the fam- 
ily MniotUtidte and subfamily Setophagiiue ; a 
group of pretty fly-catching warblers related 
to the common American redstart. Several of the 
Mexican species reach the lower Rio Grande, but most are 
more southerly. B. rufifrons is a characteristic example. 
Basilian (ba-sil'i-an). a. and n. [< LL. Basilius, 
Basil the Great (died A. D. 379), < Gr. /3oo-i'Xe)f, 
lit. kingly, < flaatf^if, king.] I. a. Relating 
to St. Basil the Great, a Greek father of the 
