bath 
in uno. Stars are also worn by the first two classes. 
That of the knights grand-crosses (ng. 2) is of silver, with 
eight points of rays wavy, on which is a gold cross bearing 
three crowns, encircled by a ribbon displaying the motto 
of the order, while beneath is a scroll Inscribed Ich dien 
(I serve), the motto of the Prince of Wales. The star of 
the knights commanders differs chiefly in lacking the 
wavy rays. Medicated bath, a bath of liquid or vapor 
designed to produce a curative elfect by virtue of some 
medicine mixed in it. Mercurial bath, a bath used in 
the pneumatic trough to collect such gases as are readily 
absorbed by water.- Metal-bath, a bath used in chemical 
operations requiring a higher temperature than can be 
produced by means of a water-bath. Mercury, fusible 
metal, tin, and lead are employed for such baths. Rus- 
sian bath, a kind of bath employed in Russia, and in- 
troduced thence in other countries. It resembles in prin- 
ciple the ancient and the Turkish baths, but differs from 
the latter in that the subject, after exposure to the in- 
Huence of very hot vapor, with the attendant kneading, 
lathering, etc., is suddenly and violently cooled by means 
of a jet of ice-cold water. It is said to be of service in 
alleviating rheumatism. Sour bath, in tanning, an acid 
liquid made of bran and refuse malt. It is employed to 
remove the lime used in a previous process, and also to 
soften the skin to render it more absorbent of the tanning 
materials. Tin-bath, molten tin covered with melted 
tallow to prevent the oxidation of the metal. It is used 
in giving a coating of tin to other metals, as sheet-iron, 
to form the so-called tin-plate. Turkish bath, a kind of 
bath introduced from the East, in which the subject, after 
having undergone copious perspiration in a heated room, 
is subjected to various processes, as soaping, washing, 
kneading (shampooing), etc., and ultimately proceeds to 
an outer apartment, where he is placed on a couch to 
cool. Turkish baths, or modifications of them, are pro- 
vided in all hydrotherapeutic establishments, and are to 
be found in most towns of considerable size. White 
bath, a bath used in dyeing ; an emulsion formed by Gal- 
lipoli oil and the carbonates of alkalis. 
bath 1 (bath), v. t. [Later form for bathe, di- 
rectly from the noun.] To put into a bath; 
wash in a bath. [Bare.] 
bath 2 (bath), . [Earlier in E., as LL., bat us, or 
else bat, bate, < LL. batus, < Gr. /3arof, < Heb. 
bath.'] A Hebrew liquid measure = 72 logs = 
6 hins = iV cor, and corresponding to the dry 
measure the ephah = 72 logs = 18 cabs = 3 
saths = -jV cor. There were two measures of this 
name, one equal to about two thirds of the other, as is seen 
by comparing 1 Ki. vii. 26 with 2 Chron. iv. 5. The larger 
bath seems to have contained about 36 liters = 9J United 
States gallons = 8 British gallons. The smaller bath seems 
to have contained about 28 liters = 7J United States gal- 
lons = 6 British gallons. 
Bath brick, bun, chair. See the nouns. 
bath-chops (bath'chops), n. pi. The cheeks or 
face of the hog cured or smoked. 
bathe (baTH), v. ; pret. and pp. bathed, ppr. 
bathing. [Also in var. form (now only dial.) 
beath, q. v. ; < ME. bathien, < AS. bathian (= D. 
baden = OHG. badon, MHG. G. laden = Icel. 
badha = Sw. bada Dan. bade), < bceth, bath : 
see bath 1 ."] I. trans. 1. To place in a bath; 
immerse in water or other fluid, for cleanli- 
ness, health, or pleasure. 
Chancing to bathe himself in the river Cydnus, ... he 
fell sick, near unto death, for three days. South. 
Others, on silver lakes and rivers, bathed 
Their downy breast. Milton, P. L., vii. 437. 
2. To apply water or other liquid to with a 
sponge, cloth, or the like, generally for thera- 
peutic purposes. 3. To wash, moisten, or suf- 
fuse with any liquid. 
Her bosom bathed in blood. Dryden. 
4. To immerse in or surround with anything 
analogous to water : as, bathed in sunlight. 
One sip of this 
Will bathe the drooping spirits in delight. 
Milton, Comus, 1. 812. 
Thy rosy shadows bathe me. Tennyson, Tithonus. 
The sun was past the middle of the day, 
But bathed in flood of light the world still lay. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 221. 
5. In zool., to tint; tinge in a uniform man- 
ner, giving the appearance of one color seen 
through another: as, black bathed with purple, 
brown bathed with rosy, etc. 
II. intrans. 1. To take a bath; be in water 
or other liquid ; go into water to bathe one's 
self. 
They bathe in summer, and in winter slide. Waller. 
2. To be immersed or surrounded as if with 
water. 
bathe (baTH), . [< bathe, v.~] The act of 
bathing; the immersion of the body in water: 
as, to take one's usual bathe. Edinburgh Rev, 
[Confined almost entirely to Scotland, where a distinction 
is made between a bathe and a bath, the former being ap- 
plied to an immersion in the sea, a river, or a lake, and 
the latter to a bath for which artificial conveniences are 
used.] 
bather 1 (ba'THer), n. 1. One who bathes; one 
who immerses himself in water. 2. One who 
bathes another. 
bather 2 (baTH'er), v. i. [E. dial.] To scratch 
and rub in the dust, as birds do. HalliweU. 
[Prov. Eug.] 
474 
bathetic (ba-thet'ik), (i. [< bathos, on type of 
jxillietic, < pathos."] Relating to or character- 
ized by bathos ; sinking rhetorically, or in style. 
Coleridge. 
A fatal insensibility to the ludicrous and the bathetic. 
The Academy, July 3, 1875, p. ft. 
bath-house (bath'hous), n. 1 . A house fitted up 
with conveniences for bathing, as bath-rooms, 
tubs, sometimes a tank or swimming-bath, etc. 
2. A small house, or a house divided into a 
number of small rooms, at a bathing-place, 
or place for open-air bathing, where bathers 
change their dress. 
bathing-box (ba'Hing-boks), n. A covered 
shed or bath-house in which open-air bathers 
change their dress. [Eng.] 
bathing-dress (ba'THing-dres), . A partial 
or loose costume used by open-air bathers, as 
on a sea-beach. 
bathing-house (ba'THing-hous), . A bath- 
house. [U. S.] 
bathing-machine (ba'THing-ma-shen"), n. A 
covered vehicle used at the seaside resorts of 
Great Britain, in which bathers dress and un- 
dress. It is driven into the water to a sufficient 
distance to suit the convenience of the bather. 
bathing-tub (ba'THing-tub), . Same as bath- 
tub. 
bath-kol (bath'kol), n. [Heb., < bath, daugh- 
ter, + kol, voice.] A kind of oracular voice 
frequently referred to in the Talmud, the later 
Targums, and rabbinical writers, as the fourth 
grade of revelation, constituting an instrument 
of divine communication throughout the early 
history of the Israelites, and the sole prophetic 
manifestation which they possessed during the 
period of the second temple. 
From the death of Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, the 
Holy Spirit [which, according to the Jewish distinction, 
is only the second degree of the prophetical gift) was 
withdrawn from Israel; but they nevertheless enjoyed 
the use of the Bath Kol. 
The treatise Sanhedrim, quoted itiKitto'sBib. Cyc., 1.316. 
Bath metal. See metal. 
bathmic (bath'mik), a. [< Gr. j3a8u6f (see bath- 
mism) + -ic.~] Pertaining to or of the nature 
of bathmism. 
I compared the transmission of bathmic force to that of 
the phenomenon of combustion, which is a force conver- 
sion transmitted from substance to substance by contact. 
E. D. Cope, Origin of the Fittest, p. 229. 
Bathymaster 
In his lift!) sonnet he [Petrarch] may, I think, lie said 
to have sounded the lowest chasm of the Bathos. 
M'li-itnlfnj, IVtralvh. 
= Syn. 2. Fustian, Turgidnexx, etc. See bombast. 
bath-room (bath'rom), M. A room for bathing 
in. 
bath-sponge (bath'spuuj), n. A sponge used in 
bathing, etc. .Sponges suitable for this use all belong 
to the genus Spvnyia, of which there are six commercial 
species or varieties, deriving their value from the fineness 
and elasticity of the skeletal libers. The bath-sponge of 
the Mediterranean is S. equina, resembling the wool- 
sponge, S. gouyptntt. of the United States. Other species 
are the zimocca, S. zimocca ; the cup-sponge, S. adriatica, 
of Turkey and the Levant ; the American yellow sponge, 
S. corlosia ; and the American hard-head, S. dura. 
Bath stone. See stone. 
bath-tub (bath/tub), n. A tub to bathe in: in 
the usual form, approximately of the length of 
the body, and often permanently fixed in a 
bath-room. Also called bathing-tub. 
bathukolpian, . See bathycolpian. 
bathvillite (bath'vil-It), . [< BathvUle (see 
def.) + -Jte 2 .] A brown, dull, amorphous min- 
eral resin, occurring in torbanite, or boghead 
coal, on the estate of Bathville, near Bathgate, 
Linlithgowshire, Scotland. 
bathwort (bath'wert), n. [Corruption of birth- 
wort, after bath 1 ."] Same as birthroot. 
bathybial (ba-thib'i-al), a. [< bathybius + -/.] 
Of or pertaining to bathybius or the depths 
at which it is found; bathybiau: as, "bathybial 
fauna," Encyc. Brit., XXI. 774. 
bathybian (ba-thib'i-an), . [< bathybius + 
-.] Pertaining to bathybius ; composed of 
or resembling bathybius. 
The use of the dredge resulted in finding the usual 60- 
thybian forms that have been already described in works 
relating to Arctic voyages. 
Arc. Cruise of the Conein, 1881, p. 14. 
bathmism (bath'mizm), n. [< Gr. paS/iAs, also 
: too/i6e, a step, threshold (< fiaivetv (/ */fa), go), 
+ -ism.'] See extract. 
It is here left open whether there be any form of force 
which may be especially designated as "vital." Many of 
the animal functions are known to be physical and chem- 
ical, and if there be any one which appears to be less ex- 
plicable by reference to these forces than the others, it is 
that of nutrition. Probably in this instance force has 
been so metamorphosed through the influence of the origi- 
native or conscious force in evolution, that it is a distinct 
species in the category of forces. Assuming it to be such, 
I have given it the name of Bathmism. 
E. D. Cope, Meth. of Creation, p. 26. 
Bathmodon (bath'mo-don), . [NL., < Gr. fia.6- 
fi6f, a step, + orfot'f = E. tooth."] A genus of 
fossil hoofed quadrupeds named by Cope in 
1872, subsequently identified by him with Cory- 
phodon (which see). 
bathmodont (bath'mo-dont), a. [< Bathmo- 
don(t-).] In odontog,, noting a pattern of denti- 
tion in which the posterior pair of tubercles of 
the upper molars are approximated, connected 
together, and compressed and subcrescentic 
in section, and the anterior outer tubercle is 
connected with the anterior inner one by an 
oblique crest forming a V. Such dentition is 
characteristic of the genus Bathmodon. 
Bath note. See note. 
bathometer (ba-thom'e-ter), n. [< Gr. flatiot, 
depth, + [terpov, a measure.] An apparatus, 
consisting of a spring-balance of peculiar con- 
struction, used for ascertaining the depth of 
water. 
Bath oolite. See Bath stone, under stone. 
bathorse (bat'- or ba'hors), n. [< bat* (F. 
bdt), a pack-saddle, + horse."] In the British 
army, a horse for carrying baggage belonging 
to an officer or to the baggage-train. Also writ- 
ten bawhorse. 
bathos (ba'thos). M. [Gr. {tides, depth, < (JaOif, 
deep. In def. 2, orig. an antithesis to tfjxx, 
height, the sublime.] 1. Depth; lowest part 
or stage; bottom. [Rare.] 2. A ludicrous 
descent from the elevated to the commonplace 
or ridiculous in writing or speech; a sinking; 
anticlimax. 
bathybius (ba-thib'i-us), n. [NL., < Gr. jiaOvf, 
deep, + jiior, life.] A name given by Huxley 
to masses of so-called animal matter said to 
have been found covering the sea-bottom at 
great depths (over 2,000 fathoms), and in such 
abundance as to form in some places deposits 
upward of 30 feet in thickness. It was described 
as consisting of a tenacious, viscid, slimy substance, ex- 
hibiting under the microscope a network of granular, 
mucilaginous matter, which expands and contracts spon- 
taneously, forming a very simple organism, and corre- 
sponding in all respects to protoplasm (which see). Em- 
bedded in it were calcareous bodies with an organic 
structure, called discoliths, coccoliths, and coccospheret, 
which seemed to belong to bathybius as such. The exis- 
tence of any such living substance is now generally denied. 
bathycolpian (bath-i-kol'pi-an), a. [Also less 
prop, bathukolpian; < Gr. [iaffwtofarof. < (3a8i'f, 
deep, + /ciJAffOf, breast, bosom.] Deep-bosomed: 
as, "bathycolpian Here," O. W. Holmes. 
Bathyerginse (bath"i-er-ji'ne), n. pi [NL.. < 
Bathyergus + -inai.~\ A subfamily of Ethi- 
opian mole-like rodents, of the family Spala- 
cida;, or mole-rats, differing from Spahichm in 
having the mandibular angle arising beside the 
socket of the lower incisors. There are three 
genera, Bathyergus, Georyrhus, and BeUopho- 
bius. 
bathyergue (bath'i-erg), n. A rodent quadru- 
ped of the genus Bathyergus. 
Bathyergus (bath-i-er'gus), n. [NL., after Gr. 
llafh'epyeiv, plow deep, < ftaBif, deep, + ipyov, 
work.] A genus of mole-rats, of the subfamily 
Bathyergina; having grooved upper incisors. 
JB. maritimug is 
a large species 
burrowing in 
the sand-dunes 
of the Cape of 
liood Hope, and 
called coast-rat 
and zand- or 
nand-mole ; it is 
very abundant, 
and in some 
places the sandy 
soil is honey- 
combed with its extensive excavations. The fur is grayish- 
brown, and might possess commercial value. 
Bathymaster (bath'i-mas-ter), . [NL., < Gr. 
jia6i>, deep, + fiaarj/p, a seeker.] A genus of 
fishes, typical of the family Bathymasterida;. 
Coast-rut {BatHyerstts 
konquil ( Bathymaster signatus). 
The only known species inhabits water of moderate depth 
about rocks along the northern Pacific coast sonth to 
Puget Sound, and is popularly known as the ronquil or 
ronchil. 
