bellied 
having a swelling fleshy part, or belly, as a 
muscle. 4. Bounded; bulging. 
When a raised handle ... is used, the most rounded 
or bellied side of the file should be applied to the work. 
J. Rufse, Tract. Machinist, p. 270. 
belligeratet (be-lij'e-rat), v. i. [< L. bellige- 
ratus, pp. of belligerare, wage war, < belliger, 
waging war, < bellum, war, 4- gerere, carry: 
see gest, jest. Cf. belligerent.'] To make war. 
Cockermn. 
belligerence (be-lij'e-rens), n. [< belligerent: 
see -ence.] The act 'of carrying on war; war- 
fare. 
Merely diplomatic peace, which is honeycombed with 
suspicion . . bristles with the apparatus and establish- 
ments of war on a scale far beyond what was formerly 
required for actual belligerence. 
Gladstone, Gleanings, I. 67. 
belligerency (be-lij'e-ren-si), . [< belligerent: 
see-ency.] Position 'or status as a belligerent; 
the state of being actually engaged in war. 
They were acting for a Government whose belligerency 
had been recognized. Soley, Blockade and Cruisers, p. 224. 
I cannot conceive of the existence of any neutral duties 
when no war exists. Neutrality ex vi termini implies 
belligerency ; and a breach of neutrality can only occur 
with regard to a matter arising during a war. 
JV. A. Rev., CXXVII. 39. 
belligerent (be-lij'e-rent), a. and n. [Earlier 
belligerant, < F. belligeranl, < L. belligeran(t-)s, 
ppr. of belligerare, wage war: see belligerate.] 
1. a. 1. Warlike; given to waging war; char- 
acterized by a tendency to wage or carry on war. 
History teaches that the nations possessing the greatest 
armaments have always been the most belligerent. 
Sumner, Orations, I. 97. 
2. Of warlike character ; constituting or tend- 
ing to an infraction of peace : as, a belligerent 
tone of debate. 
Justice requires that we should commit no belligerent 
act not founded in strict right as sanctioned by public 
law. Lincoln, in Raymond, p. 167. 
3. Actually engaged in war: as, the belligerent 
powers. 4. Pertaining to war, or to those en- 
gaged in war : as, belligerent rights, etc. 
II. n. A nation, power, or state carrying on 
war ; also, a person engaged in fighting. 
The position of neutrals in relation to belligerents is ex- 
actly ascertained. London Times. 
The possibility of intercourse in war depends on the 
confidence which the belligerents repose in each other's 
good faith ; and this confidence, on the unchangeable sa- 
credness of truth. Woolsey, Introd. to Inter. Law, 249, 
The rebel Poles had never risen to the rank of bellige- 
rents. Lowe, Bismarck, I. 309. 
belligeroust (be-lij'e-rus), a. [< L. belliger, 
waging war, < bellum, war, + gerere, carry on.] 
Same as belligerent. Bailey. 
belling 1 (bel'ing), n. [Verbal n. of belfl, v.] In 
submarine operations, the use of the diving- 
bell. 
belling 2 (bel'ing), n. [< ME. bellynge; verbal 
n. of belfi, v.] Formerly, bellowing ; in modern 
use, the noise made by a deer in rutting-time. 
bellipotent (be-lip'o-tent), a. [< L. beltyo- 
ten(t-)s, < bellum, war, -f' poten(t-)s, powerful: 
see potent.] Powerful or mighty in war. Blount. 
[Rare.] 
Bellis (bel'is), n. [L., < bellus, beautiful : see 
bell 5 .] The daisy, a small genus of annual or 
perennial herbs, natural order Composites, in- 
digenous to the temperate and cold regions of 
the northern hemisphere. The daisy, B. perennis, is 
abundant in pastures and meadows of Europe, and is very 
common in cultivation. See daisy. Only one species is 
found in North America, B. integri folia, the western daisy. 
bellitudef (bel'i-tud), . [< L. bellitudo, < bel- 
lus, beautiful : see bell 5 .] Beauty of person ; 
loveliness ; elegance ; neatness. Cockeram. 
bell-jar (bel'jar), n. A bell-shaped glass jar, 
used by chemists in physical laboratories, etc., 
for receiving a gas lighter than the atmosphere 
or other medium in which it is plunged, and 
for similar uses. It is a form of bell-glass. 
bell-less (bel'les), a. [< bell 1 + -less.] Having 
no bell. Scott. 
bell-magnet (bermag"net), n. An alarm in 
which a clapper is made to strike a bell by the 
completion of an electric circuit. 
bell-magpie (bel'mag"pi), . Same as bett- 
Urd, 3. 
bellman (bel'man), . ; pi. bellmen (-men). 
[Also written belman; < bell 1 + man.] 1. A 
man who rings a bell; specifically, one em- 
ployed to cry public notices and call attention 
by ringing a bell; a town crier. 2. Formerly, 
a night-watchman, part of whose duty it was 
to call out the hours, the state of the weather, 
and other information, as he passed. 
516 
I staid up till the bell-man came by with his bell just 
under my window as I was writing of this very line, and 
cried, "Past one of the clock, and a cold, frosty, windy 
morning." Peptjs, Diary, I. 8. 
bell-mare (bel'mar), n. A mare used by mule- 
herders as an aid in keeping their herds to- 
gether. The mules follow the bell-mare wher- 
ever she goes. Also called madrina in the 
originally Spanish parts of the United States. 
bell-metal (bel'mefal), n. A variety of bronze, 
an alloy of copper and tin, of which bells are 
made. The proportions in which the two metals are 
employed are variable. In some very large English bells 
there is from 22 to 24 per cent, of tin and from 76 to 78 of 
copper. Four parts of the latter metal to one of the for- 
mer is said to be the proportion used in many of the lar- 
gest bells. See bronze. Bell-metal ore, a name by which 
the mineral stannite, or sulphid of tin, copper, and iron, 
found in Cornwall, is frequently known, owing to its re- 
semblance in appearance to bell-metal or bronze. 
bell-metronome (bel'met/'ro-nom), n. A met- 
ronome provided with a bell that may be set to 
strike after a given number of oscillations of 
the pendulum, thus marking the beginning of 
measures as well as the pulses within measures. 
bell-mouth (bel'mouth), . A mouthpiece ex- 
panding like a bell. 
A bellmouth may also have the form of the contracted 
jet. Eneyc. Brit., XII. 463. 
bellmouth (bel'mouth), v. t. [< bell-mouth, n.] 
To provide with a bell-shaped mouthpiece; 
shape like the mouth of a bell. 
It is often desirable to bellmouth the ends of pipes. 
Encyc. Brit., XII. 463. 
bell-mouthed (bel'moutht), a. 1. Gradually 
expanded at the mouth in the form of a bell. 
His bell-nwuth'd goblet makes me feel quite Danish, 
Or Dutch, with thirst. Byron, Don Juan, xiii. 72. 
2. Having a clear, ringing voice: said of a 
hound. 
bell-nosed (bel'nozd), a. Expanded at the 
muzzle in the shape of a bell : said of firearms. 
In blunderbusses the barrels are generally bell-nosed. 
W. W. Greener, Gun and its Development, p. 77. 
bellon (bel'qn), n. [Origin unknown.] Lead- 
colic, or painters' colic. 
Bellona (be-16'na), n. [L., OL. Duellona, < bel- 
lum, OL. duelluni, war.] 1. In Bom. mytli., the 
goddess of war. Her temple stood in the Campus 
Martius, without the walls, and was held to symbolize 
enemies' territory. In it the Senate received foreign am- 
bassadors and victorious generals entitled to a triumph. 
2. [NL.] In ornith., a genus of humming-birds. 
Mulsant and Ferreaux, 1865. 3. [_l. c.] [NL.] 
In herpet., the specific name of a snake, Pityo- 
phis bcllona. 
bellonion (be-16'ni-on), n. A musical instru- 
ment, invented at tiresden in 1812, consisting 
of twenty-four trumpets and two drums, which 
were played by machinery. 
bellow (bel'6), v. [< ME. belowen, bellewen, 
beliven, bellow, low, < AS. bylgean (occurring 
only once), bellow (as a bull), appar. with 
added formative and umlaut from the same 
root as bellan, low, bellow, E. bell: see 6cH 2 .] 
1. intrans. 1. To roar; make a hollow, loud 
noise, as a bull, cow, or deer. 
Jupiter 
Became a bull, and bellow'd. Shak., W. T., iv. 3. 
2. Of persons, to make any violent outcry; vo- 
ciferate; clamor: used in ridicule or contempt. 
This gentleman ... is accustomed to roar and bellow 
so terribly loud . . . that he frightens us. Tatter, No. 54. 
3. To roar, as the sea in a tempest, or as the 
wind when violent ; make a loud, hollow, con- 
tinued sound. 
Ever overhead 
Bellow'd the tempest. 
Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
II. trans. To utter in a loud deep voice; vo- 
ciferate : generally with out or forth. 
To bellow out " Green pease" under my window. 
Smollett, Humphrey Clinker. 
bellow (bel'6), n. [< bellow, v. .] A roar, as 
of a bull; a loud outcry. 
bellower (bel'6-er), . One who bellows. 
bellows (bel'oz or -us), n. sing, and pi. [Also, 
colloquially, bellowses, a double plural; < ME. 
belowes, belwes, also belies, a bellows, prop, 
pi. of belowe, belu, also bely, belt, a bellows, a 
bag, the belly (same word as belly), < AS. bcelg, 
bcelig, belg, belly, a bag, a bellows (earlier spe- 
cifically blcestbelig = Icel. blastrbelgr; of. D. blaas- 
balg = Dan. blcesebcelg = Sw. bldsbalg = OHG. 
blasbalg, G. blasebalg, lit. blast-bag: see blast) : 
see belly, of which bellows is a differentiated 
plural.] An instrument or machine for pro- 
ducing a current of air: principally used for 
blowing fire, either in private dwellings or in 
forges, furnaces, mines, etc. ; also used in or- 
Bellows. French, i7th century. 
(From "L'Art pour Tous.") 
bell-roof 
gans for producing the current of air by which 
the pipes and reeds are sounded. It consists es- 
sentially of an air-chamber 
which ean be alternately 
expanded and contracted, 
and a nozle by which the 
current of air can be 
directed. When the air- 
chamber is expanded, air is 
admitted through a valve 
opening inward. The pres- 
sure produced by the con- 
traction of the air-cham- 
ber closes this valve, and 
leaves the nozle the only 
available avenue of escape 
for the air in the chamber. 
Bellows are made in many 
different forms, a usual one 
being the small hand-bel- 
lows, an ornamented ex- 
ample of which is shown in 
the cut, used for promoting 
the combustion of a house- 
fire. Bellows of great pow- 
er are called blviviwj '-ma- 
chines, and are operated by 
machinery driven by steam. 
Blindman's bellows. 
See blindiiHtn. Hydro- 
static bellows. See hy- 
drostatic. 
bellows-camera (bel'- 
6z-kam"e-ra), n. In 
photog.,'a, form of ex- 
tensible camera in which the front and after 
bodies are connected, for the sake of lightness 
and economy of space when the camera is not 
in use, by a folding tube or chamber made of 
leather, rubber, or a similar light-proof mate- 
rial. The tube is made to fold upon itself in the same 
way as the air-chamber of an accordion or of bellows of 
the usual form ; that is, it is made in a series of small 
folds, each carried entirely around it in a direction per- 
pendicular to its axis, and having their edges turned alter- 
nately inward and outward. The edges of those folds which 
are turned outward are usually stiffened by a wire frame. 
"When the tube is pulled out to its full extent, its walls are 
flat; when it is contracted, it requires merely the space 
taken up by the folds of its material. In use, the back of 
a camera of this form can be fixed, by a screw or other 
device, at any distance from the front or lens end, within 
the limits of the contracted or expanded tube, that the fo- 
cus of the lens or the particular work in hand may require. 
bellows-fish (bel'oz-fish), n. 1. A local name 
in England of the trumpet-fish, Centriscus scolo- 
pax. 2. A local name of sundry plectognath 
fishes, of the suborder Gymnodontes and family 
Tetrodontidie. 3. A local name in Rhode Is- 
land of the angler, Lophius piscatorius. See cut 
under angler. 
bellows-pump (bel'oz -pump), . A sort of 
atmospheric pump, in which the valve is in 
the lower side of a bellows-chamber, while the 
upper side performs the function of the piston. 
bellOWS-SOUnd (bel'oz-sound), n. In pathol., 
an abnormal sound of the heart, resembling 
the puffing of a small bellows. 
bell-pepper (berpep"er), n. The fruit of Cap- 
sicum grossum, much used for pickling and as a 
vegetable ; Guinea pepper. 
bell-polyp (bel'pol"ip), n. Same as bell-ani- 
malcule. 
bell-pull (bel'pul), n. The handle or knob by 
which a bell attached to a wire or rope is rung, 
as a door-bell. 
bell-pump (bel'pump), n. A bell-shaped pump 
used in cleaning gas- and service-pipes. 
bell-punch (bel'punch), n. A hand-punch con- 
taining a signal-bell, used for punching a hole 
in a ticket, trip- 
slip, etc., in or- 
der to record 
and call atten- 
tion to the num- 
ber of fares 
taken. 
bell-ringer 
(berring^er), n. 
1. One whose 
business is to 
ring a bell, espe- 
cially a church- 
bell qr one of a 
Bell-punch. 
A, combination lock ; B, aperture in 
which trip-slip or ticket is inserted ; C, door 
inclosing bell ; D, receptacle for counters. 
chime of bells ; also, a performer with musical 
hand-bells. 2. An automatic device upon a 
locomotive for ringing the bell. 3. Mechanism 
for ringing chimes by hand, by means of lever- 
handles which are connected by wires with the 
clappers or the axes of the bells, or by water- 
power, compressed air, or steam operating in 
various ways to accomplish the same object. 
bell-roof (bel'rof), n. A roof shaped some- 
what like a bell. Its figure is generated by 
the revolution of an ogee curve about the 
apex. See out on next page. 
