bergall 
bergall (be-r'gal), . [Also written burytill, var. 
of bin/ill, liirijle, q. v.] The dinner or blue- 
perch, a very common Xe\v Knghind lish, I'l* n<>- 
labriis inlxperKiin. .See burgau, and cut under 
OWMMT, 
Bergamask (her 'ga- mask), . and ii. [< It. 
BergtiHttmco, adj., ("Ji<-r</<iin<i, a town in Italy. 
Cf. bergamot 1 .] I. . Of or pertaining to the 
city or province of Bergamo in northern Italy, 
or the district of Bergamasca: as, Berijnm<ixl; 
traditions; the lirri/tnnnxk Alps; "o,Bery<iHin*l; 
dance," ,S7//.-., M. X. 1)., v. 1. 
II. 11. 1. An inhabitant of Bergamo or Ber- 
gamasca. 
A id 1 "' :>t Hi' 1 poverty cif tin.' /. in. .11^ whom, 
moreover, flic extremes .if .stupidity and cimnini; are 
most usually found, acco riling to the popular notion in 
Italy. //././/*, \eiiclian Life, v. 
2. [= F. berf/ti/Hii:ii/ni'. ] A rustic dance in im- 
itation of the people of Borgamuoa, who were 
ridiculed as clownish in manners and speech. 
bergamot 1 (ber'ga-mot), w. [Konnerly also 
biiri/nnint, hni'i/riiiiilt, biHiri/iimiit, appar. < /'</- 
(jiiiiin, a town in Italy. Of. bergtimiit'*.] 1. A 
variety of the lime or lemon, Citrux medica, with 
a very aromatic rind, from which, either by me- 
chanical means or by distillation, the volatile oil 
of bergamot (known in trade as ensence of In r- 
ganiot) is obtained. The essence is a product 
chiefly of southern Italy, and is much em- 
ployed in perfumery. 2. The popular name 
of several labiate plants, as in England of 
Mentha eitratn, and in the United States of 
Monarda fistulosa and M. dirlyma. 3. A kind 
of snuff perfumed with bergamot. 
Gives the nose its bergamot. Cowper, Task, ii. 
4. A coarse tapestry manufactured from flocks 
of wool, silk, cotton, hemp, and from the hair 
of oxen and goats, said to have been made origi- 
nally at Bergamo. 
bergamot 2 (ber'ga-mot), w. [< F. bergamote, < 
It. bergamotto, appar. a perversion, simulating 
a connection with Bergamo, a town in Italy (cf. 
bergamot 1 ), of Turk, begarmudi, lit. (like the G. 
name fiirstenbirne) prince's pear, < beg, a prince 
(see bey 2 ), + armud, a pear.] A variety of pear. 
bergander (ber'gan-der), n . [Early mod. E. also 
bin/under, burr/ander, appar. < ME. berge, a bur- 
row (see berry&, burrow'*), + gander (i. e., PttfTOW- 
gander; cf. its other name, burrow-duck). Cf. D. 
bergeend = NFries. bargaand = MLG. bcrcliaiit 
= G. bergente, lit. 'hill-duck,' G. erdgans, lit. 
'earth-goose.'] A name of the sheldrake or 
burrow-duck, Tadorna vulpanser. Seesheldrakc. 
bergell, . See bergle. 
bergert, [Appar. < F. bergere, a ueglig6 style 
of dressing the hair.] A lock of hair worn 
long, and with the end curled, by ladies in the 
time of Charles II. 
Bergerac (ber'je-rak; F. pron. berzh-rak'), n. 
1. A red wine of good quality, made in the 
department of Dordogne in southwestern 
France, in the vicinity of the town of Bergerac. 
It is seldom in the market under its own name, but is ex- 
ported from Bordeaux, and confounded with claret. It is 
very popular throughout central France. 
2. A white wine from the same district, gen- 
erally very sweet and of a high flavor. 3. A 
dry wine not unlike Barsac. 
bergerett, n. [OF., < bergcr, a shepherd, < ML. 
berbicarius, a shepherd, < berbex, L. vertex, a 
wether.] A pastoral or rustic song or dance. 
Also bargeret, bargaret. 
There began anon 
A lady for to singe right womanly 
A baryaret in praising the daisie. 
Flower and Lea/, L 848. 
berght, [Cf. bargh ; obsolete form- (after 
Scand.) of barrow 1 , a hill.] A hill. 
berglax (berg'laks), re. [Norw. berglax, berg- 
laks, lit. rock-salmon (= Dan. bjerglax, the 
common hake), < berg = Sw. berg, Dan. bjerg, 
a hill, rock, + Norw. Sw. Dan. lax = AS. leax = 
G. lachs, salmon.] The Norwegian name of a 
gadoid fish, Coryphamoides norvegicus, of the 
family Macruridw. 
bergle (ber'gl), n. [Also written bergell, ber- 
</ (and bergall, burgall, q. v.), appar. a var. of 
bergylt, q. v.] A name in the Shetland islands 
of the ballan-wrasse, Labrus maculatus. 
bergmanite (berg'man-it), re. [< T. O. Bergman, 
a Swedish mineralogist (1735-84), + -ite*.] A 
variety of the zeolite natrolite. it occurs massive 
and fibrous in the zirconsyenite of Brevig in Norway. Its 
colors are greenish, grayish-white, and red. 
bergmaster (berg'mas"ter), . [After G. berg- 
iii<-i.*trr: see barma&ter.'] Same as barmaster. 
bergmehl (berg'mal), ii. [G., < berg = E. bar- 
row 1 , a mountain, + mehl = E. wicmi 2 .] Moun- 
34 
529 
tain-meal or fossil farina, a geological deposit 
in tin 1 form of an extremely fine powder, con- 
sisting iilmost entirely of the silicious frust ules 
or cell-walls of diatoms. It has been eaten in Up- 
land in seasons of ^r< at M aivity, mixed with uronnd r..ni 
aid liark. 
bergmote (berg'mfit). . Same, as bmutoti . 
bergy (ber'gi), a. [< berg* + -y 1 .] 1. Full of 
bergs or icebergs. 2. Resembling or of the 
nature of a berg. 
A coii^i.lera!.].- '../>../ mass of ice. 
' . /'. //./, I'olar Expediti p. -M;. 
bergylt (ber'gilt), M. [Also written 
(see also bergle, ben/nil, buri/nll); < Norw. I 
gi/lt<i. dial, ln-rgg<ilt. appar. < berg, cliff, preci- 
pice, hill, + gy'lta = Icel. ijylta and gylir, a sow.] 
A name in Shetland of the rose-fish, .ViV/.v// * 
ntiiriniix, a ti.--li of the family Xr<ii'i>n L i>i<lir. Also 
called Norwegian haddock. See cut under >V- 
battet, 
berhyme, r. /. Kee \m-\mi-. 
beriberi (ber'i-ber-i), M. [Singhalese; an in- 
tensive redupl. of beri, weakness.] A disease 
chariicterized by anemia, muscular and sen- 
sory paralysis, more or less pain, general drop- 
sical symptoms, effusion into the serous cavi- 
ties, and dyspnoaa on exertion. Hydropic and dn 
forms are distinguished by the presence or absence of 
dropsy. It may be acute, or Btlbacnte, or chronic. It 
does not appear to be contagious, though It infects local- 
ities. Beriberi occurs in India and adjacent countries, 
is irei|tlent in Japan under the name of Icakke, and semis 
to be identical with the "sleeping sickness" of the west 
coast of Africa. It is said to occur in South America 
also. 
Beridse (ber'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Beri(d-)s + 
-idee.} A family of tetracheetous or tanysto- 
inatous brachycerous Diptera, represented by 
such genera as Beris, Xylophagus, etc. Also 
called XylopTiagida:. 
beridelt, n. [Origin obscure.] A garment of 
linen, worn in Ireland in the reign of Henry 
VIII. Plancht. 
berigora (ber-i-go'ra), . A name of an Aus- 
tralian falcon, the berigora hawk, Hieracidea 
(or leracidea) berigora. 
berime (be-rim'), v. t. [< 6c-l + rime 1 .'] To 
celebrate in rime or verse. Also berhyme. 
She had a better love to berime [as in old editions] her. 
Shale., R. and J., 11. 4. 
beringed (be-ringd'), . [< be-1 + ringed.'] 
Supplied or surrounded with rings. 
A curiously beringed disc [Saturn]. 
E. F. Burr, Ecce Coelum, p. 99. 
Beris (ber'is), n. [NL.] The typical genus of 
the family Berida;, or Xylophagidire. B. clavipes 
is an example. 
Berkeleian (berk'le-an), a. and re. I. a. Per- 
taining or relating to George Berkeley, bishop 
of Cloyne, Ireland (born 1684, died 1753), or to 
Berkeleianism. 
The Berkeleian idealism is little more than the easy 
demonstration that this view [that the world of reality 
exists quite independently of being known by any know- 
ing beings in it], from a philosophical standing point, is 
untenable. J. C. Shairp, Culture and Religion, p. 1S5. 
II. . One who holds Bishop Berkeley's sys- 
tem of idealism ; one who denies the existence 
of a material world. 
Berkeleianism (berk'le-an-izm), n. The phi- 
losophy of Bishop Berkeley. See Berkeleian. 
He holds that material things exist only in so far as 
they are perceived; their esse is percipi. It is by think- 
ing them, and making us think them, that the Divine 
Being creates the material universe. But Berkeley gives 
to souls a substantive existence, so they must lie created 
otherwise. The Berkeleiau idealism is intimately inter, 
woven with an extreme nominalism, which denies the exis- 
tence of general conceptions. Berkeley's theory of vision, 
which in a modified form is now generally adopted by 
scientific men, is that while we see two dimensions of 
space, the third is recognized by touch (that is, by the mus- 
cular sense), until the eyes become educated to associat- 
ing certain appearances with certain feelings of touch. 
Berkeley's Act. See act. 
berkovets (ber'ko-vets), n. [Russ. berkovetsu."] 
A Russian weight, legally equal to 400 Russian 
pounds, or 361 pounds 2 ounces avoirdupois. 
In other parts of Russia, whore older pounds 
have not gone out of use, the value of this unit 
is somewhat greater. Also bercowets. 
berkowitz (ber'ko-vitz), n. [G. berkowitz, repr. 
Russ. twwwME.] Same as berkovets. 
berlin 1 (ber'lin orber-lin'), n. [In first sense, 
= Sp. Pg. It. berlina = G. berline, < F. bcrline : 
< Berlin, the capital of Prussia.] 1. A large 
four-wheeled carnage with a suspended body, 
two interior seats, and a top or hood that, can 
be raised or lowered : so called because first 
made in Berlin, in the seventeenth century, 
from the designs of an architect of the elector 
of Brandenburg. 2. A knitted glove. 
Bernicla 
\ lal mini in black tights an. I 1 1 
/>(Vt./ 
berlin-, berling, . See bir/m. 
Berlin blue, iron, etc. See the nouns, 
berloque (ber-lok'), . [F.] Milit., the tattoo 
upon a drum announcing a meal-time. 
berni (berm), n. [Also written In-rnii', rarely 
binii, IIIII'IH : cf. !'. ///<, = 1,'nss. In rum, etc., 
< .Ml). In-run-, 1). Inrni. In //'. = ML(i. / 
barm, = (1. ///;, .-i benri, prob. = Icel. Intiinr, 
edge, border, brim, as of a river or the sea. etc.: 
see ftriml.] 1. A narrow ledge; specincallv. 
in furl., a space of ground or a terrace from 3 to 
"i feet in width, left between the rampart and 
the moat or foss, designed to receive the ruins 
of the rampart in the event of a bombardment. 
and to prevent the earth from filling th. 
Sometimes it ii palisaded, and in the Netherlands it is 
L'< hrr.lll.V lllalltc.l \\itll U <ll!!<-k* t llv.l^c. 
If wt- accept the Hindu Ku.sh a.s our mountain fortreH*. 
then, to use a !<< -Imiral phrase, Afghan Turkistan i> "in 
'.. -i-iii and the Oxus our ditch. 
J. T. Whnler, Short Hist. India, p. (S8B. 
2. The bank or side of a canal which is oppo- 
site to the towing-path. Also called bfrm-lmnl.. 
berme't, A Middle English form of barm". 
berme'-', . See ///. 
bermillians (ber-mil'yanz), n. pi. [Origin un- 
known.] Pieces of linen or fustian. 
Bermuda grass, fan-palm, etc. See the nouns. 
Bermudian (bcr-mu'di-an), a. and n. I. 11. 
Pertaining or relating to the Bermudas or to 
their inhabitants. 
II. n. A native or an inhabitant of Bermuda 
or the Bermudas, a group of islands in the At- 
lantic, about 600 miles east of Cape Hatteras in 
North Carolina, belonging to Great Britain. 
bernH, A Middle English form of barn 1 . 
bern'-t, bernet, n. [Early mod. E. (Sc.), < ME. 
berne, bern, burne, burn, etc., < AS. beorn, bioni, 
a warrior, hero, a word used only in poetry, and 
prob. = Icel. bjorn, a bear, appar. a deriv. of 
*beri, m. (bera, {.), = AS. bera, a bear, E. bear 2 . 
It was a common poetical practice to give the 
names of fierce animals to warriors; cf. AS. 
eofor, a boar, = Icel. jiifurr, a warrior, hero.] 
A warrior; a hero; a man of valor; in later 
use, a poetic term for man. 
bernacle 1 (ber'na-kl), n. Same as barnacle 1 . 
bernacle 2 t, Same as barnacle?. 
Bernardino (ber'nar-din), n. and a. [F. Ber- 
nardin, < ML. Bernardimts, < Bernardus, Ber- 
nard.] I. n. The name given in France to the 
members of the Cistercian order of monks, it 
is derived from St. Bernard (1091-1153), who was the most 
distinguished member of the order and was regarded as its 
second founder. See Cinleman. 
II. a. Pertaining to St. Bernard or the Ber- 
nardines. 
Bernard's canal. See canal. 
bernet, . See bem%. 
bernert, [< ME. berner, < OF. berner, bemier, 
brenier (ML. bernaritts), a feeder of hounds, < 
breii; bran, bran : see bran."] An attendant in 
charge of a pack of hounds. N. E. D. 
Bernese (ber-neV or -nez'), a. and n. (X G. 
Bern, F. Berne, in Switzerland, + -ese.~] I. . 
Pertaining to Bern or its inhabitants. 
II. n. sing, and /;/. A citizen or citizens of 
Bern, the capital of Switzerland, or of the can- 
ton of the same name. 
bernesque (ber-nesk'), a. [< It. Bernesco, < 
Berni ; see -esque."] In the humorous and bur- 
lesque style of the writings of Francesco Berni, 
an Italian poet, who died in 1536. 
Bernesque poetry is the clearest reflexion of that reli- 
gions and moral scepticism which was one of the charac- 
teristics of Italian social life in the 16th century, and 
which showed itself more or less in all the works of that 
period, that scepticism which stopped the religious Refor- 
mation in Italy, and which in its turn was an effect of his- 
torical conditions. Encyc, Brit., XIII. 510. 
Bernicla (ber'ni-kla), n. [NL. (adopted as a 
genus name by Stephens, 1824), < ML. bernicla. 
Canada Goose (Bcmida 
