ABBREVIATIONS 
USED IN THE ETYMOLOGIES AND DEFINITIONS. 
a.. adj adjective. 
abl)r abbreviation. 
abl ablative. 
ace accusative. 
acconi accommodated, accom- 
modution. 
act active. 
adv adverb. 
AF Anglo-French. 
agri agriculture. 
AL Anglo-Latin. 
alg algebra. 
Amer American. 
anat anatomy. 
anc ancient. 
antiq antiquity. 
aor aorist. 
ajroar. apparently. 
Ar Arabic. 
aroh architecture. 
archeeol. archaeology. 
arith arithmetic. 
art article. 
AS Anglo-Saxon. 
aatrol astrology. 
astron astronomy. 
attrib attributive. 
aug augmentative. 
Bav Bavarian. 
Beug Bengali. 
biol biology. 
Bohem Bohemian. 
hot botany. 
Braz. Brazilian. 
Bret Breton. 
bryol bryology. 
Bulg Bulgarian. 
carp carpentry. 
Cat Catalan. 
Cath .- .Catholic. 
caus causative. 
ceram ceramics. 
cf L. confer, compare. 
ch church. 
Chal Chaldee. 
rl L, 1 1 , chemical, chemistry. 
Chin Chinese. 
chron chronology. 
colloq colloquial, colloquially. 
com commerce, commer- 
cial. 
comp composition, com- 
pound. 
compar comparative. 
conch conchology. 
conj conjunction. 
contr contracted, contrac- 
tion. 
Corn Cornish. 
craniol craniology. 
craniom craniometry. 
crystal crystallography. 
D Dutch. 
Dan Danish. 
dat dative. 
def definite, definition. 
derlv derivative, derivation. 
dial dialect, dialectal. 
did different. 
dim diminutive. 
distrib distributive. 
dram dramatic. 
ilynam dynamics. 
E East. 
E EngIish(M:fiiaMi/iyje<m- 
i,i<n in uiern English). 
eccl., eccles ecclesiastical. 
econ economy. 
e. g L. exempt* gratia, for 
example. 
Egypt Egyptian. 
E. Ind East Indian. 
elect electricity. 
embryo! embryology. 
Eng English. 
engin engineering. 
entom entomology. 
Epis Episcopal. 
equiv equiviikmt 
esp especially. 
Eth Ethiopic. 
ethnog ethnography. 
ethnol ethnology. 
etym etymology. 
Eur European. 
exclam exclamation. 
f., fern feminine. 
F French (usually mean- 
ing modern French). 
Fleni Flemish. 
fort fortification. 
freq frequentative. 
Fries Friesic. 
f ut future. 
G Qerm&n(usitaUy mean- 
ing New High Ger- 
man). 
Gael Gaelic. 
galv galvanism. 
gen genitive. 
geog geography. 
geol geology. 
geom geometry. 
Goth Gothic (Mcesogothic). 
Gr Greek. 
gram grammar. 
gun gunnery. 
Heb Hebrew. 
her heraldry. 
herpet herpetology. 
Hind Hindustani. 
hist history. 
horol horology. 
hort horticulture. 
Hung Hungarian. 
hydraul hydraulics. 
hydros hydrostatics. 
Icel Icelandic (uxualli/ 
meaning Old Ice- 
landic, otherwise catt- 
ed Old Norse). 
ichth ichthyology. 
i. e L. id est, that is. 
impers impersonal. 
impf imperfect. 
impv imperative. 
improp improperly. 
Ind Indian. 
ind indicative. 
Indo-Eur Indo-European. 
indef indefinite. 
inf infinitive. 
instr instrumental. 
interj interjection. 
intr., ii it MI us intransitive. 
Ir Irish. 
irreg irregular, irregularly. 
It Italian. 
Jap Japanese. 
L. Latin (umally -mean- 
ing classical Latin). 
Lett Lettish. 
LG Low German. 
lichenol lichenology. 
lit literal, literally. 
lit literature. 
Lith Lithuanian. 
lithog lithography. 
lithol lithology. 
LL Late Latin. 
m., masc masculine. 
M. Middle. 
mach machinery. 
mammal mammalogy. 
mannf manufacturing. 
math mathematics. 
MD Middle Dutch. 
ME Middle English (other 
>itled Old Eng- 
lish). 
inech mechanics, mechani- 
cal. 
med. medicine. 
mensur mensuration. 
metal metallurgy. 
metaph metaphysics. 
meteor meteorology. 
Mex Mexican. 
MGr. Middle Greek, medie- 
val Greek. 
MHO Middle High German. 
millt military. 
mineral mineralogy. 
ML Middle Latin, medie- 
val Latin. 
MLG Middle Low German. 
mod modem. 
mycol mycology. 
myth mythology. 
n noun. 
n., neut. neuter. 
N New. 
N North. 
N. Amer North America. 
nat natural. 
naut nautical. 
nav navigation. 
NGr New Greek, modern 
Greek. 
NHG New High German 
(iimnil/i/ simply G., 
German). 
NL. New Latin, modern 
Latin. 
nom nominative. 
Norm Norman. 
north northern. 
Norw Norwegian. 
i inn i is numismatics. 
Old. 
obs obsolete. 
obstet obstetrics. 
OBulg Old Bulgarian (other- 
wise called Church 
Slavonic, Old Slavic, 
Old Slavonic). 
OCat Old Catalan. 
OD Old Dutch. 
ODan Old Danish. 
odontog odontography. 
odontol odontology. 
OF Old French. 
OFlem Old Flemish. 
OGael Old Gaelic. 
OHG Old High German. 
Olr. Old Irish. 
Olt Old Italian. 
OL Old Latin. 
OLG Old Low German. 
ONorth Old Northumbrian 
OPruss Old Prussian. 
orig original, originally. 
i mi ill i ornithology. 
OS Old Saxon. 
OSp Old Spanish. 
osteol osteology. 
OSw Old Swedish. 
OTeut Old Teutonic. 
p. a. participial adjective. 
paleon paleontology. 
part. participle. 
pass passive. 
pathol pathology. 
pert perfect. 
Pers Persian. 
pers person. 
persp perspective. 
Peruv Peruvian. 
petrog petrography. 
Pg Portuguese. 
phar pharmacy. 
I'ben Phenician. 
philol philology. 
philos philosophy. 
phonog phonography. 
Ih"toK photography. 
phren phrenology. 
phys physical. 
phyitiol physiology. 
pl.,plur plural. 
poet poetii-.il 
polit political. 
Pol Polish. 
poss possessive. 
pp past participle. 
ppr present participle. 
Pr Provencal (usually 
meaning Old Pro- 
vencal). 
pref prefix. 
prep preposition. 
pres. present. 
pret preterit. 
priv privative. 
prob probably, probable. 
pron pronoun. 
pron pronounced, pronun- 
ciation. 
prop properly. 
pros prosody. 
Prot Protestant 
prov provincial. 
psychol psychology. 
q. v L. quod (or pi. qt*a>) 
vide, which see. 
refl reflexive. 
reg regular, regularly. 
repr representing. 
rhet rhetoric. 
Rom Roman. 
Rom Romanic, Romance 
(languages). 
Russ Russian. 
8 South. 
S. Amer South American. 
sc L. scilicet, understand, 
supply. 
Sc. Scotch. 
ftcand Scandinavian. 
Scrip Scripture. 
sculp sculpture. 
Serv Servian. 
sing singular. 
Skt Sanskrit. 
Slav Slavic, Slavonic 
Sp. Spanish. 
subj subjunctive. 
superl superlative. 
surg surgery. 
surv sun-eying. 
Sw Swedish. 
syn synonymy. 
Syr Syriac. 
techno] technology. 
teleg telegraphy. 
teratoL teratology. 
term termination. 
Teut Teutonic. 
theat theatrical. 
theoL theology. 
therap therapeutics. 
toxlcol toxicology. 
tr., trans transitive. 
trigon. trigonometry. 
Turk Turkish. 
typog typography. 
ult ultimate, ultimately. 
v verb. 
var. variant. 
yet veterinary. 
v. i. intransitive verb. 
v. t. transitive verb. 
W Welsh. 
Wall Walloon. 
Wallach Wallachlan. 
W. Ind West Indian. 
zoogeog .zoogeography. 
zool zoology. 
zoot zootomy. 
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