acetometer 
acetometer, . See acetimct* i: 
acetone (as'e-tpn), . [<acet-ic + -one.'] 1. 
A limpid mobile liquid, (CH 3 ) 2 CO, with an 
agreeable odor and burning taste, produced by 
the destructive distillation of acetates, it is 
procured cm a large scale from the aqueous liquid >>- 
alcoholic radicals united by the group CO, or as 
aldehydes in which hydrogen of the group COH 
has been replaced by an alcoholic radical, 
acetonemia (as"e-to-ne'rni-a), n. [NL., < E. 
45 
for gephyreans without sette, with a terminal 
mouth, dorsal anus, and the anterior region of 
the body retractile. It includes the families 
SiptmouUdee and PrtapuUtke. 2. [Used as a 
singular.] A genus of annelids. Vejdousky. 
ichaetous (a-ke'tus), a. [< NL. achaitus, < Gr. 
d- priv. + x al - r7 lj hair.] Having no setre; not 
chffitiferous ; specifically, pertaining to the 
(which see). 
. [< achci + -age.'] The state 
f having aches. [Bare.] 
The Pope could dispense with his Cardinalate, and his 
OMagt, and his breakage, if that were all. 
Tennyson, Queen Mary, i. 1. 
acetone + Gr. ai/ia, blood.] "In patliol., a dis- 
eased condition characterized by the presence 
of acetone in the blood, it results from various Achaian (a-ka'yan), a. and n. See Achean. 
i'aiisc-i. and may be a symptom of various diseases. Also achane (a-ka'ne)', n. [< Gr. 
acetonjc '(asTton'ik), a. Pertaining to or de- /^t Persian measure for grain, 
rived from acetone. 
acetose (as'e-tos), a. Same as acetous, 1. 
acetosityt (as-e-tos'i-ti), . [=F. acetosite = 
Sp. acetosidad = It. acelosita, < NL. as if *acc- 
tosita(t~)s,< acetosits: see acetous and-%.] The 
state or quality of being acetous or sour ; acid- 
ity ; sourness ; tartness. 
The juice or pulpe of Tamarinds hath a great acetositu. 
Woodall, Surgeon's Mate, p. 175. 
acetous (as'e-tus or a-se'tus), a. [=F. ace- 
teux = Sp. Pg. It. acetoso, < NL. acetosus, < L. 
aeetum, vinegar : seeacctwm.] 1. Having a sour 
taste ; vinegary. Boyle. Also written acetose. 
2. Of or pertaining to vinegar ; causing or con- 
nected with acetification. Acetous acid, a term 
formerly applied to impure and dilute acetic aeid, under 
the notion that it was composed of carbon and hydrogen in 
the same proportions as in acetic acid, but with less oxy- 
gen. It is now known that no such acid exists, so that this 
term has fallen into disuse. Acetous fermentation 
the process by which alcoholic lic|uors, as beer or wine' 
yield acetic acid by oxidation. See fermtntatim. 
acetum (a-se'tum), n. [L., vinegar, in form pp. 
ueut. (acetum, so. vinum, soured wine) of acerc, 
be sour, akin to acer, sharp, sour: see acid and 
acrid. Hence (from acetum, not from neut. adj. 
acidum) Goth, akeit = AS. aiced, eced = OS. ecid 
= OD. edick, etick, D. eilik, eek = LG. etik = 
OHG. czzih, MHG. ezzich,G. essig = O&n. eildike 
(>Icel. erfi/,-) = Sw. attika, vinegar.] Vinegar 
(which see). 
acetyl (as'e-til), n. [< acet-ic + -yl, < Gr. fl/t?, 
matter, substance.] A univalent radical sup- 
posed to exist in acetic acid and its derivatives. 
Aldehyde may be regarded as the hydrid, and acetic acid 
as the hydrate, of acetyl. 
acetylene (a-set'i-len or as'e-ti-len), n. 
achenium 
[The old pronunciation of the noun (ach, formerly ach) 
led to a similar pronunciation "f the verb. In the fol- 
lowing couplet aclu', v., is made to rime witli jxitrtt . 
Or lie-Ilia wore a velvet mastic patch 
Upon her temples when no tooth did .// 
Bp. llall, Satires, vi. 1. 
Thus pronounced, the plural of the noun and the third 
person singular of the verb were dissyllabic : 
A coining shower your shooting cnrns presage, 
Old </* throb, your hollow tooth will rage. 
Hiri.ft, City Shower. 
This pronunciation has been used, on the stage at least, 
even in the present century, being required by the meter 
in such passages as the following : 
I'll rack thee with old cramps; 
Fill all thy bones with aches; make thee roar. 
Shak., Tempest, i. 2.) 
Syn. Seeprtm, n., and af/ony. 
ache 1 , ake (ak), v. i. ; pret. and pp. ached, abed, 
ppr. aching, aking. [In this pronunciation 
prop, spelled ake, the spelling ache prop, rep- 
resenting a different pronunciation (ach, for- 
merly ach) in imitation of the noun : see ache, 
n. ; < ME. aken, eken (never *achen), < AS. acan 
(strong verb, pret. oc, pp. ac.cn ; like scacan, E. 
shake, and tacan, E. take), ache, prob. cognate, 
notwithstanding the wide divergence of mean- 
ing, with Icel. aka (strong verb, pret. ok, pp. 
ekinn), drive, move, = L. agere = Gr. ayeiv, drive : 
see act, agent.'] To suffer pain; have or be in 
pain, or in continued pain ; be distressed physi- 
cally : as, his whole body ached. 
The sense aches at thee. Shah., Othello, iv. 2. 
Those inmost and soul-piercing wounds, which are ever 
achimj while uncured. Raleigh, Hist. World, Pref., p. 1. 
An 
acetyl + -ene.~] A colorless gas, C 2 H' 2 ' which v '11 
has a characteristic and very unpleasant odor, Achatinella (a-kat-i-nel a), 
and burns with a luminous smoky flame, in,,, f*?^ A , n 1 a - me . ed J!? t 
urinating gas contains a small amount of it. It is formed 
from its elements, carbon and hydrogen, when the electric 
arc is passed between carbon-points in an atmosphere of 
hydrogen ; also by the imperfect combustion of illuminat- 
ing gas and other hydrocarbons. With certain metals 
and metallic salts it forms explosive compounds. 
achate 1 ^ (ak'at)" n. [ 
achates : see agate.'] 
agate. 
The ehristall, jacinth, arhate, 
ruby red. John Taylor. 
achate 2 t, [Assibilated 
form of acate, q. v.] See 
acate. 
Achatina (ak-a-ti'nii), n. 
[NL., < L. achates, agate : 
see agate.'] A genus of 
land-snails, of the family 
Helicid<e. It is typified by the 
large agate-shells of Africa, and 
is distinguished by an iutorted and 
abruptly truncate columella. The 
species of this genus, which comprises some of the largest 
terrestrial mollusks, live chiefly near water about trees ; 
they are mostly African. The small species formerly 
referred to Achatina are little related to the genus. La- 
marck, 1799. Also Achatilim (Link, 1807) and Aijathina 
(Detihai/es). 
[NL., dim. of 
various limits 
for a genus of Helicidce, with shells of moder- 
ately small size, resembling those of Achatina. 
It has numerous representatives peculiar to the Sand- 
wich Islands. W. Sicainsan, 1828. The genus has also 
[< ME. ache, < OF. ache, "the 
" 
[< L. 
or "pertaining to a peculiar dentition of the odontophore or achecn, n. In Ei 
been named llelicteres. 
The Achatinellinse (a-kat"i-ne-H'ne), n. pi. [NL., 
< Achatinella + ince.'] A subfamily name pro- 
posed f or Helicidce of the Achatinella type, with 
acetylic (as-e-tii'ik), o. Of' or "pertaining to a peculiar dentition of the ode ' 
acetyl. tongue, and with a turreted shell. 
acetylization (as"e-til-i-za'shgn), w. [<acetyl+ Achatininas (a-kat-i-ni'ne), n. pi. 
-4ze + -ation.'] In chem., the"process of com- Achatina + -inte.] A subfamily of land-snails, of 
bining or causing to combine with the radical **" * : '" "-'-~ J - J -~" U - J *-- 
acetyl or with acetic acid. 
ach 1 1, n. Same as ache%. 
ach 2 (ach), . [Cf. Hind, ak, gigantic swallow- 
s ____ /; ... ^,__ [NL., for 
acharnina (?), < Acharnes', a genus of fishes, < 
Gr. axapv/jf, hxapvot;, a^dpwzc, a sea-fish.] In 
Gunther's classification of fishes, the third 
subfamily group of his family Nandidce, hav- 
ing hidden pseudobranchiaa or false gills, five 
ventral rays, and teeth on the palate. It is con- 
stituted for fresh-water fishes from tropical America 
which properly belong to the genus Cichla of the family 
Cichtidte. 
acharnement(a-sharn'meut), n. [F.,<.acharner, 
give a taste of flesh (to dogs, etc.), refl. s'achar- 
ner, thirst for blood, < L. as if *adcarnarc, < ad, 
to, + caro (earn-), flesh : see carnal.'] Blood- 
thirstiness, as of wild beasts or of infuriated 
men ; ferocity ; eagerness ache 2 t (ach), n. 
for slaughter. [Bare.] herb smallage; ache desjardins, parsley" (Cot- 
grave), F. ache = Sp. It. apio, parsley, < L. 
opium, parsley (usually referred to apis, a bee, 
bees being said to be fond of it : see Apis), < 
Gr. amov, a species of Euphorbia, perhaps the 
sun-spurge (or parsley ?). Cf. smallage, i. e., 
small ache.~] A name of garden-parsley, Petro- 
selinum satimim. 
Achean, Achaean (a-ke'an), a. and n. 
AcluEus, < Gr. 'Axaioc;, belonging to 
Achaia, L. Achcea.} I. a. Pertaining to Achica 
(Achaia) in the Peloponnesus, to the Acheans 
(Achseans, Achsei, or Achaioi), or to the con- 
federacy called the Achean League The Ache- 
an League, originally, a confederation for religions obser- 
vances formed by the cities of Achaia on the abolition of 
monarchical government and the establishment of democ- 
racy. The league was gradually broken up by the Mace- 
donians, but was renewed by the Acheans on a purely 
political basis about 280 B. c., when they threw off the 
Macedonian yoke, constituted an enlightened and purely 
federal republic, and for over a century stood as an ef- 
ficient bulwark to the declining liberties of Greece. 
II, n. An inhabitant of Acha>a (Achaia), or 
one of the ancient Greek people (Achaioi) from 
whom that country took its name. The name 
Achaioi is in Homer used as a generic term for all the 
Greeks, but was later applied to the most important tribes 
of eastern Peloponnesus, and was finally restricted after 
the Dorian conquest, to the inhabitants of the region on 
the gulf of Corinth in the northwestern part of the Pelo- 
ponnesus. 
Also spelled Achaian, in closer imitation of 
the Greek. 
*gypt. antiq., a fabulous animal, 
half lion, half bird, like the Grecian griffin. 
[NL., < acheckt, . t. [ME. acheken (only in pp. acheked, 
. . T , aalls > of in passage quoted below), < a-l (or a-6) + cheken: 
the family Helicida;, distinguished from Helici- see check, .] To check; stop; hinder 
n<c proper by the character of the lingual den- when they metten in that place, 
tition, the usually sharp lip, truncate columella, They were acheked bothe two. 
swollen body-whorl, and elongate spire. The _ Chaucer, House of Fame, 1. 2093. 
Agate-shell 
(Achatina Tarieff 
_ The 
wort, a sprout of sugar-cane'.]" An East Indian Kr"P includes the largest known puln?onates,*some being Acheenese (ach-e-ues' or -nez'), a. and n. See 
name of several species of plants of the rubia- to^^^Su^J'aS toown^SSiiSS?' sp?rnf A cUnese. 
ceous genus Morinda. under Achatina. acheilary, etc. See aehilc 
Achaean, . and n. See Achean. achatOUTt, n. [Assibilated form of aca tour, aca- acheiria, etc. See achiria 
Achaemenian (ak-e-me'ni-an), a. [< L. Achw- ter: see acater, .] Same as acater. acheket, v. t. See achoke. 
menius, a., Achcemenes, n." < Gr. 'Ax<u/ievtK, a ache 1 , ake (ak), . [In this pronunciation prop, acheless (ak ' les), a. [< achel + -less.'] With- 
f -i i ii., ,^-t . . i- f\f 4-lm t ..I,.,. ^.,J,., /^_ .,n,-,.rl */, / HifTT' ~7. . T L Jf l__ j Ollt. fl.f.llft rT t.ltTvVh 
* / 
etc. See achilary, etc. 
See achiria, etc. 
Persian king, ancestor of the AchcemenitUe, Gr. spelled ake, < ME. ake ; but formerly two pro- ou * f che ' 
'Axaifievifat.] Pertaining or relating to the nunciations existed, ak and ach (ak and ach), achelort. A corrupt spelling of ashler. 
AchsBmenida;, an ancient royal family of Per- the latter, prop, indicated by the spelling achene (a-ken'), n. English form of achenium. 
sia, historically beginning with Cvrus. about, ache, renresentino- MR. ark*. .lsn Hnpllorl f ^, f Also spelled akcne. 
sia, historically beginning with Cyrus, about 
558 B. c., and ending with the conquest of the 
Persian empire by Alexander the Great, 330 B. c. 
achasnium, . See acheniii,,,. 8 ^.,, na *^ , 
achaenocarp (a-ke no-karp), n. [In'eg. < Gr. o- *torcA,both< AS. stearc. The anomalous modern achenium (a-ke m-uin), n. ; pi. achenia (-a). 
priv. + xcuveiv, gape, + ico/wof, fruit.] In lot., 
ache, representing ME. ache, also spelled eche, , 
<AS. ece.n^ ache (< acan, v.); the former repre- achenia, n. Plural of n 
senting ME. ake, directly < aken, < AS. acan, achenial (a-ke'ni-al), a. 
ache, a strong verb : see ache, v. Cf . stark and 
akcne. 
Plural of achenium. 
Pertaining to an ache- 
any dry indehiscent fruit. 
Achsnodon (a-ke'no-dpn), n. 
spelling ache, with ch pron. k, has been supposed 
to rest upon the notion that the word is de- 
[NL. l _< Gr. a- rived from the Gr. &xoc_, pain, distress ; but 
"y **/! ft. Lii4^., x \jci. u- nvcia J.AUIII tllu Urr **XVSj paJU, UlalieSS ; OUTJ 
priv. + xa'weiv, gape, + itdpi't (bSovr-) = E. tooth.'] there is no connection between the two words, 
A genus of fossil carnivorous mammals of 
North America, having a suilline type of denti- 
tion, considered by Cope as referable to the 
family .ii'c/iici/o/tiilit'. Then.- are several species; A. 
///-vr,/r//.v, tlir t\ pr-species, wjis as large as a large bear K 
D. Co;*., 1873. 
Achaata (a-kS'ttt), w. pi. [NL., neut. pi. of 
acluutns: see achattous.] 1. An ordinal name 
nor is there any with the interj. ah = L. ah = G. 
acA = Dau. ah, afc.] Pain of some duration, in 
opposition to sudden twinges or spasmodic pain ; 
a continued dull or heavy pain, as in toothache 
or earache. 
Myself was lost, 
Gone from me like- an <*<//<. 
Lowell, Under the Willows. 
[NL., also written achamium, irreg. (cf. Gr. ax 
vT/f, not gaping) < d- priv. + x a 'vetv, gape, akin 
to E. yawn, q. v.] 1. In oot., a 
small, dry and hard, one-celled, 
one-seeded, indehiscent fruit: 
strictly, a single and free car- 
pel of this character, as in the 
buttercup, avens, etc., but ex- 
tended to all similar fruits re- 
sulting from a compound ovary, 
even when invested with an adnate calyx, as 
in the order Composite. Also written achene, 
Achenium. 
Lettuce .mil Ranun- 
culus. 
