acidify 
vert into an acid ; render sour ; sour, literally or 
figuratively. 
Such are the plaints of Louvet, his thin existence all 
acidified with rage ami preternatural insight of suspicion. 
Carlyle, French Kcv., III. iii. 1x1. 
H. intruns. To become acid or sour, 
acidimeter (as-i-dim'e-ter), . [= Pg. acklime- 
tro, < NL. acidiim, acid, + Gr. fiiTpov, a measure.] 
An instrument for determining the purity or 
strength of acids. See acidimetry. 
acidimetrical (as'i-di-met'ri-kal), a. Of or per- 
taining to acidimetry. 
The acidimetrical process is in every way similar to 
that practised in alkalimetry. Ure, Diet., I. 19. 
acidimetry (as-i-dim'e-tri), . [= Pg. acidime- 
tria; as acidimeter + -y.~\ The act or process 
of measuring the strength of acids. Specifically, 
the process of estimating the amount of acid in a liquid by 
finding exactly how much of a standard alkaline solution 
is required to neutralize a measured quantity of the given 
solution. 
acidity (a-sid'i-ti), . [= F. acidiU = It. acidita, 
< L. acidita(t^)s, sourness, < acidus, sour: see 
acid.] The quality of being acid or sour; sour- 
ness ; tartness ; sharpness to the taste. 
acid-magenta (as'id-ma-jen'ta), n. A coal-tar 
color, a green metallic-looking powder giving 
a red color when dissolved in water, it is a mix- 
ture of the mono- and disulphonic acids of rosanilin. Also 
called viayenta 5. and ritbine S. Used for dyeing and for 
coloring wines. Benedikt and Kiiecht, Chem. of Coal-tar 
Colors, p. 96. 
acidness (as'id-nes), . Sourness; acidity. 
acidometer (as-i-dom'e-ter), n. [Cf. acidime- 
ter.] A form of hydrometer used to measure 
the degree of concentration of an acid. 
acid-pump (as'id-pump), . A glass pump used 
for drawing corrosive liquids from carboys and 
other vessels. It has valves and joints, and is converti- 
ble into a siphon. A vacuum is created in it -by means of 
an elastic rubber bulb, which controls its action without 
coining into contact with the acid. 
acidulee (a-sid'u-le), n. pi. [L., fern. pi. (sc. 
aqua;, waters) of acidulus : see acidulous."] A 
name formerly given to springs of cold mineral 
waters, from their sharp and pungent taste. 
N. E. 1). 
acidulate (a-sid'u-lat), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
acidulated, ppr. acidulating. [<L. as if *acidu- 
latus, pp. of *acidularc, < acidulus, somewhat 
sour: see acidulous.] 1. To tincture with an 
acid ; render somewhat acid or sourish. 
This bitter Mask is filled partly with mercury, and partly 
with water acidulated with a tenth part of sulphuric acid. 
Science, 111. 260. 
2. Figuratively, to sour, as the mind ; embit- 
ter ; make cross or captious. 
Persons . . . were especially liable to diabolical posses- 
sion when their faculties were impaired by disease and their 
tempers acidulated by suffering. Lecky, Rationalism, 1.106. 
acidulcist (as-i-dul'sis), a. [Contr. of NL. "aci- 
didulcis, < L. acidus, sour, acid, + dulcis, sweet: 
see dulcc] Both sour and sweet, 
acidulent (a-sid'u-lent), a. [< F. acidulant, ppr. 
of aciduler, sour slightly, < acidule, slightly sour, 
<L. acidulus: see acidulous.] Somewhat acid 
or sour; tart; hence, peevish: as, "anxious 
acidulent face," Carlyle, French Rev., I. i. 4. 
acidulous (a-sid'u-lus), a. [< L. acidulus, slightly 
sour, dim. of acidus, sour : see acid.] 1 . Slight- 
ly sour ; subacid, as cream of tartar, oranges, 
gooseberries, etc. 2. Figuratively, sour in 
feeling or expression ; sharp ; caustic ; harsh. 
Acidulous enough to produce effervescence with alkalies. 
0. W. Holmes, Autocrat, ix. 
It is beautiful, therefore, ... to find a woman, George 
Eliot, departing utterly out of that mood of hate or even 
of acidulous satire in which Thackeray so often worked. 
S. Lanier, The Eng. Novel, p. 207. 
acid-yellow (as'id-yel'6), n. A coal-tar color, 
consisting of the sodium salts of the sulphonic 
acids of amido-azobenzene or aniline yellow. 
It is a yellow powder, easily soluble in water, and is used 
for dyeing olive, moss-green, and browns. Also some- 
times called fant yellow. Bemdikt and Knecht, Chem. of 
Coal-tar Colors, p. 182. 
acierage (as'i-e-raj), n. [< F. acierage, < acier 
= Pr. acier = Sp. acero, steel, < ML. aciare, aci- 
arium, steel, < L. acies, edge, sword-edge.] The 
process of depositing a layer of iron on another 
metal, by means of an electric battery, stereo- 
type and copper plates are sometimes treated in this way, 
thus increasing their durability without injury to their ar- 
tistic character. When thus coated with iron they are 
said to be "steel -faced." 
acierate (as'i-e-rat), v. t. To convert into steel. 
acieration (as''i-e-ra'shon), n. [<F. ', steel, 
+ -ation] Conversion into steel: a word oc- 
casionally used by writers on the metallurgy of 
iron and steel. 
Withdrawing trial pieces from time to time and break- 
ing them so as to ascertain to what depth the ai-ii'i-utinn 
has proceeded. Eiicyc. Brit., XIII. 34:2. 
48 
aciform (as'i-f6rm), a. [<L. acua, a needle, + 
forma, shape.] Shaped like a needle. 
aciliate, aciliated (a-sil'i-at, -a-ted), a. [< (Jr. - 
priv. (-l8) + ciliated: see cilia.'] Not ciliated; 
having no cilia. 
Acilius (a-sil'i-us), n. [NL., < L. Acilius, a Ro- 
man name.] A genus of water-beetles of the 
family Dytiscidw, containing species of mod- 
erate size, with ciliated hind tarsi and round 
tarsal disks in the male. A. milmtus is a European 
species. A. fraternity is a common New England insect, 
about f of an inch long, having the black portions of the 
elytra closely punctured upon a yellow surface. 
acinaceous (as-i-na'shius), o. [<L. acinus, a 
berry, esp. a grape, a grape-stone or kernel, + 
-accous] Consisting of or full of kernels. 
acinaces (a-sin'a-sez), n. [L., <Gr. aiuvaKnf, a 
short, straight sword, < Pers. dhenek ("dhanak), 
a short sword, < alien, dhan, a sword, lit. iron, 
+ dim. term, -ek, -ak, now applied only to ra- 
tional objects (-che to irrational objects).] A 
short, straight dagger, peculiar to the Modes 
and Persians. It seems to have been worn on the right 
side, but perhaps only when a longer weapon was worn on 
the left. Modern writers have recognized the acinaces in 
a dagger shown in sculptures at Persepolis, also ill the 
dagger of the Mithra sacrificial groups. 
acinacifolious (a-sin*a-si-f6'li-us), a. [<L. 
acinaces, a short sword, + folium, leaf.] Having 
acinaciform leaves. N. E. D. 
acinaciform (a-sin'a-si-form), a. [< L. acinaces, 
a short, straight sword, taken to mean a 
simitar, + -formis, < forma, 
shape . ] In bo t. , resembling 
a simitar in shape: as, an 
acinaciform leaf, one which 
has one edge convex and 
thin, the other straighter and thick, as in species 
of Afesembryanthemum ; an acinaciform pod, as 
of some beans. 
acinarious (as-i-na'ri-us), a. [<L. acinaritis, 
pertaining to the grape, < acinus, the grape : see 
acinus] In bot., covered with little spherical 
stalked vesicles resembling grape-seeds, as in 
some algae. 
acinesia (as-i-ne'sia), n. Same as akinesia. 
Acineta (as-i-ne'ta), . [NL., <Gr. a/dvtrrot, 
motionless, < a- priv. + mvelv, move. ] 1 . A 
genus of noble epiphytal orchids, from Central 
America, much prized as hothouse plants. 2. 
A genus of suctorial infusorial protozoans. See 
Acinctee and Acinetina. Ehrenberg. 
Acinetae (as-i-ne'te), n. pi. [NL. : see Acineta] 
An order of the class Infusoria (the Infusoria 
tentaculifera or suctoria), the adult members of 
which have no cilia and no proper mouth, and 
are non-locomotive. The body, which is fixed and 
stalked, is provided with radiating retractile suctorial 
Acinacifbrm Leaf. 
Acipeuser 
Acinetina (as*i-ne-ti'na), n. pi. [NL., < Aci- 
neta + -ina] A group of infusorians with a 
single aperture, and elongate, non-vibratile 
cilia, originally established by Ehrenberg in 
1838 as a division of his I'olygastrica : equiva- 
lent to Acineta; (which see). 
acini,". Plural of acinus. 
aciniform (as'i-ni-form), a. [< NL. riciniformis, 
<L. acinus, grape (see acinus), + -formis, (.for- 
ma, shape.] 1. Having the form of grapes, or 
being in clusters like grapes; acinose. 2. In 
anat., of a deep purplish tint; resembling a 
grape in color: applied to one of the pigmen- 
tary layers of the iris, technically called the 
tunica aciniformis. See uvea. 
acinose (as'i-nos), a. [< L. aciwsus, like grapes, 
< acinus, a grape.] 1. Resembling a grape or a 
bunch of grapes ; consisting of granular con- 
cretions. 2. Specifically, inanat., consisting of 
acini. Applied to glands in which the duct enlarges at 
the distinctly glandular portion into a little spherical 
vesicle (acinus), or into a little saccule (lobulus), beset 
with small, round epithelial cysts (acini), or in which 
the duct branches and ends in more or less numerous 
lobuli, formed of acini. Acinone glands are distinguished 
from tubular glands. 
acinous (as'i-nus), a. Same as acinose. 
acinus (as'i-nus), n. ; pi. acini (-nj). [L., a 
berry, esp. a grape, also a grape-stone, kernel.] 
1. In bot. : (a) One of the small drupelets or 
berries of an aggregate baccate fruit, as the 
blackberry, etc., or the contained stone or seed. 
See cut under Rubin, (b) A grape-stone. 
2. In anat. : (a) Formerly, the smallest lobule 
of a gland, (b) Now, generally, the smallest sac- 
cular subdivision of an acinose gland, several 
of which subdivisions make up a lobule. Also 
called alveolus, (c) A lobule of the liver. 
-acious. [< L. -ad- (nom. -ax, ace. -deem, > It. 
-ace, Sp. Pg. -az, F. -ace), a suffix added to verb- 
stems to form adjectives expressing intensity 
of physical or mental action, as aud-ai, daring, 
cap-ax, holding much, fall-ax, deceitful, loqu- 
ax, talking much, pugn-ax. inclined to fight, 
etc., + E. -ous. Cf. -acy, 3.] A compound ad- 
jective termination of Latin origin, forming, 
from Latin verb-stems, adjectives expressing 
intensity of physical or mental action, as in au- 
dacious, daring, very bold, capacious, holding 
much, fallacious, deceitful, loquacious, talking 
much, pugnacious, inclined to fight, mendacious, 
ready at lying, vivacious, very lively, voracious, 
eating much, etc. Such adjectives are accom- 
panied by nouns in -aci-ty, and the nouns rarely 
by verbs in -aci-t-ate : as, capacious, capacity, 
capacitate, etc. 
Acipenser (as-i-pen'ser), n. [L., also spelled 
aquipenser and acipensis (>Gr. aKKarf/aiof), the 
sturgeon ; perhaps < *aci- (= Gr. o/cfcf), swift, 
+ a form otpenna (OL. pesna), a wing, same as 
pinna, a wing, a fin. Cf. accipiter and the ety- 
mology there suggested.] The typical genus 
of the family Acipenseridtt, including all the 
processes, or tubular tentacles, having at their extremi- 
ties a knob or disk-like sucker, through which nutrient 
matter is imbibed. 
The Acinetce multiply by several methods. One of 
these . . . consists in the development of ciliated embryos 
in the interior of the body. These embryos result from 
a separation of a portion of the endoplast, and its con- 
version into a globular or oval germ, which in some 
species is wholly covered with vibratile cilia, while in 
others the cilia are confined to a zone around the middle 
of the embryo. The germ makes its escape by bursting 
through the body-wall of its parent. After a short exist- 
ence (sometimes limited to a few minutes) in the condition 
of a free-swimming animalcule, provided with an endo- 
plast and a contractile vacuole, but devoid of a mouth, 
the characteristic knobbed radiating processes make their 
appearance, the cilia vanish, and the animal passes into 
the Acintta state. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 94. 
acinetan (as-i-ne'tan), n. One of the Acinette; 
a suctorial tentaculiferous infusorian. 
Acinetidae (as-i-net'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Acineta 
+ -ida'] A family constituting the order Aci- 
nette. The leading genus is Acineta. 
acinetiform (as-i-net'i-f6nn), a. and . [< NL. 
Acineta + L. -formis, < forma, shape.] I. a. 
Having the form of Acineta:; resembling an aci- 
netan in form. 
Balbiana . . . asserts that the acinetiform embryos ob- 
served not only in Paramoecium, but in ... many other 
ciliated Infusoria, are not embryos at all, but parasitic 
Acinetfe. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 100. 
II. n. An infusorian animalcule resembling 
an acinetan, whether an embryonic stage of 
some ciliate infusorian or a member of the 
order Acineta;. Also written acineta-form. 
Skull of Sturgeon (Acfffnstr), top and side views. . 
Above, the cartilaginous cranium, shaded, is supposed to be seen 
through the unshaded cranial bones. 
Upper figure : a, ridge formed by spinous processes of vertebrae ; 
b, tr, lateral wing-like processes ; c, rostrum ; AH, site of auditory 
organ ; Na, of nasal sacs ; Or, of orbit. The membrane bones of the 
upper surface are : A, analogue of supraoccipital ; B, B, of the epi- 
otics ; E, of ethmoid ; G, G. of the postfrontals ; //. H, of the pre- 
frontals ; C, C, of the parietals ; A D are the frontals. and F, F the 
squamosals; A', anterior dermal scute; /,/, Z., A, dermal ossifications 
connecting the pectoral arch with the skull. Lower figure : a, ros- 
trum: *, nasal chamber; c, auditory region; (/.coalesced anterior 
vertebra:; e, ribs;./", g-, h, suspensorium ; *, palato-maxillary appara- 
tus ; Mn, mandible ; Or, orbit. 
ordinary sturgeons (and with the shovel-nosed 
sturgeons, Scapliirln/nchops, the only other ge- 
nus, composing the family), characterized by 
the flattened tapering snout, a spiracle over 
each eye, and 5 distinct rows of bony plates. 
The common sturgeon, A. tturio, is found both in Europe 
and North America; it sometimes attains a length of 18 
feet. The green sturgeon of the Pacific coast is A. m<-<li- 
roKtris. The European sterlet is A. ntthenus. The largest 
known species is the Russian sturgeon, the bielaga, huso, 
or hausen, A. huso, sometimes attaining a length of 25 
feet and a weight of 3000 pounds. A. j!tiltt<>tixtii<lti is a 
fourth example, known as the osseter. Also often spelled 
Accipenser. 
