adhere 
5. To be consistent ; hold together ; be in ac- 
cordance or agreement, as the parts of a sys- 
tem ; cohere. [Bare or obsolete.] 
Everything adheres together. Shak., T. N., iii. 4. 
6. Specifically, in Scots law : (a) To affirm a 
judgment ; agree with the opinion of a judge 
previously pronounced. (6) To return to a 
husband or wife who has been deserted. See 
adherence, 3. 7. In logic and nictaph., to be 
accidentally connected. See adherent, a., 3, 
adherence (ad-her'ens), n. [< F. adherence, < 
ML. atlltd'n iiti/i, < L. adhatrens: see adherent.] 
1. The act or state of sticking or adhering: 
rare in a physical sense, adhesion being com- 
monly used. 2. Figuratively, the character 
of being fixed in attachment ; fidelity ; steady 
attachment : as, an adherence to a party or 
opinions ; the act of holding to closely : as, a 
rigid adherence to rules. 
A tenacious adherence to the rights and liberties trans- 
mitted from a wise and virtuous ancestry. Addixmt. 
3. In Scots law, the return of a husband or 
wife who has for a time deserted his or her 
spouse. The spouse who has been deserted may bring 
an action of adherence to compel the deserting spouse to 
return. 
4. In painting, the effect of those parts of a 
picture which, wanting relief, are not detach- 
ed, and hence appear adhering to the canvas or 
surface. Fairholt. 5. In logic and mctaph., the 
state of being adherent. See adherent, a., 3. 
= Syn, Adherence, Adhesion. These words are under- 
going desynonymization, the moral and figurative sense 
being limited to adherence, and the physical to adhesion : 
as, adherence to the doctrines of Adam Smith ; the ad- 
hesion of putty to glass. [Note : Adherent, ., is not used 
of physical attachment, nor adherent, a., of moral at- 
tachment. Adhere, ., is used of either.) 
If he departs in any degree from strict adherence to 
these rules, ... he not only departs from rule, but com- 
mits an act of treachery and baseness. 
Gladstone, Kin beyond Sea, p. 210. 
Writing and drawing with chalks and pencils depend 
on the adhesion of solids. 
Atkinson, tr. of Oanot's Physics, p. 87. 
adherencyt (ad-her'en-si), . [As adJierence: 
see -ency?] 1. The state of being adherent. 
Adherencies and admirations of men's persons. 
Jer. Taylor (?), Artif. Handsomeness, p. 172. 
2. That which is adherent. 
Vices have a native adherency of vexation. 
Decay of Christ, fifty. 
adherent (ad-her'eut), a. and n. [< F. ad- 
herent,<lj. adhatren(t-)s, ppr. of adhwrere: see 
adhere.} I. a. 1. Sticking; clinging; adhering. 
Close to the cliff with both his hands he clung, 
And stuck adherent, and suspended hung. 
Pope, Odyssey, 1. 547. 
2. In lot., congenitally united, as parts that 
are normally separate : generally used as equiv- 
alent to adnate. See cut under adnate. 3. In 
logic and metaph., accidentally connected; not 
belonging to the nature of a thing ; not in- 
herent : as, if a cloth is wet, its wetness is a 
quality adherent to it, not inherent in it. 
II. . 1. A person who adheres; one who 
follows or upholds a leader, party, cause, opin- 
ion, or the like; a follower, partizan, or sup- 
porter. 
Rip's sole domestic adherent was his dog Wolf, who was 
as much hen-pecked as his master. 
Irving, Rip Van Winkle. 
2f. Anything outwardly belonging to a person ; 
an appendage. 
His humour, his carriage, and his extrinsic adherents. 
Gov. of Tongue. 
Syn, 1. Disciple, pupil, upholder, supporter, dependant. 
adherently (ad-her'ent-li), adv. In an adher- 
ent manner. 
adherer (ad-her'er), n. One who adheres ; an 
adherent. [Rare.] 
adherescence (ad-he-res'ens), . The state of 
being so closely connected with or attached to 
or'dr s3r with * a i- 81 * zsff&uKSs&f. admuuster as a 
adherescent (ad-he-res'ent), a. [< L. adhce- 
72 
2. Steady attachment of the mind or feelings ; 
firmness in opinion ; adherence : as, an adhesion 
to vice. 
Obstinate adhexion to false rules of belief. 
Whitlock, Manners of the English, p. 210. 
The council assigned as motives for its decrees an ad- 
hesion of heart on the part of the victims to the cause of 
the insurgents. Mullen, Dutch Republic, II. 4O4. 
3. Assent; concurrence. 
To that treaty Spain and England gave in their ailhf- 
*'"". Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xiv. 
4. That which adheres; accretion. 
Casting off all foreign, esjw;cially all noxious, adhejtiwi*. 
furl/lie. Misc., I. 14. 
5. In phys., molecular attraction exerted be- 
tween the surfaces of bodies in contact, as 
between two solids, a solid and a liquid, or a 
solid and a gas. See extract, and cohesion. 
Adhesion, a term used to denote the physical force in 
virtue of which one body or substance remains attached 
to the surface of another with which it has been brought 
into contact. It is to be distinguished from <v./ 
which is the mutual attraction that the particles of the 
same body exert on each other. Encyc. Brit., I. 153. 
6. In lot., the union of parts normally separate. 
7. Inpathol., especially in the plural, the ad- 
ventitious bands or fibers by which inflamed 
parts have adhered, or are held together. 8. In 
mirg., the reunion of divided parts by a particu- 
lar kind of inflammation, called the adhesive. 
9. In mech . , often used as synonymous with fric- 
tion (which see) Adhesion-car, a railroad -i-arin-o- 
vided with means for increasing the adhesive or tractive 
power beyond that due merely to Oie weight inipiiscd 
upon the rails. This is usually effected by a center rail, 
gripped horizontally by a pair of friction-wheels placed on 
its opposite sides, or by a cogged wheel working into a 
rack laid parallel with the road-bed. In some cases the 
treads of the driving-wheels are grooved, and the face of 
the rails is flanged to correspond to them. Adhesion Of 
wheels to rails, the friction between the surfaces in con- 
tact, acting to prevent slipping, in amount dependent 
upon the condition of those surfaces and the pressure. 
For driving-wheels, as of locomotives, it is a fraction of 
the weight borne by them, ranging from alxmt one twenti- 
eth when the rails are "greasy" to one fifth when they are 
clean and dry. =Syn, Adhesion, Adherence. See adher- 
ence. 
adhesive (ad-he'siv), a. [< F. adhesif, -tee, < L. 
as if *adha?sivus, < aitheesus, pp. of adhwrere : 
see adhere.} 1. Sticky ; tenacious, as glutinous 
substances. 
She trusts a place unsound, 
And deeply plunges in th' adhesive ground. 
Crakbe, Parish Register. 
2. Figuratively, cleaving or clinging ; adher- 
ing ; remaining attached ; not deviating from. 
If slow, yet sure, adhesive to the track. 
Thomson, Autumn. 
Both were slow and tenacious (that is, adherirt) in their 
feelings. De (Jmncey, Secret Societies, ii. 
3. Gummed; fitted for adhesion: as, adhesive 
envelops.- Adhesive felt, a felt manufactured in Cireat 
Britain for use in sheathing wooden ships. Adhesive 
Inflammation, in med. and .-/>;.. a term applied to the 
union of the lips of an incised wound without suppuration ; 
also to inflammations leading to adhesion between normally 
free surfaces, as between the intestine and the body-wall. 
Adhesive knowledge, in mrtauh., knowledge which 
implies adhesion or assent, as well as apprehension. See 
aptirehenxiae. Adhesive plaster, in itury., a plaster 
made of litharge-plaster, wax, and resin. Adhesive 
slate, a variety of slaty clay which adheres strongly to 
the tongue, and rapidly absorbs water. 
adhesively (ad-he'siv-li), adv. In an adhesive 
manner. 
adhesiveness (ad-he'siv-nes), n. 1. The state 
or quality of being adhesive, or of sticking or 
adhering; stickiness; tenacity. 2. Inphren., 
a mental faculty manifested in attachment to 
objects, animate or inanimate, lasting friend- 
ships, love of social intercourse, etc., supposed 
to be located in a special part of the brain. It 
is said to be strongest in women. See phre- 
nology. 
adhibit (ad-hib'it), v. t. [< L. adhibitus, pp. of 
adhibere, hold toward, bring to, apply, < ad, 
to, + habere, hold, have: see habit.} 1. To 
rescen(t-)s, ppr. of a'dhmrere, adhere : see adhere 
and -escent.} Tending to adhere or become 
adherent; adhering. [Rare.] 
adhesion (ad-he'zhon), . [< F. adhesion, < L. 
adha;sio(n-), < adhcesun, pp. of adhwrere: see ad- 
here."] 1. The act or state of adhering, or of 
being united and attached ; close connection 
or association: as, the adhesion of parts united 
by growth, cement, etc.; inflammatory adhesion 
of surfaces in disease. 
One mendicant whom I know, and who always sits upon 
the steps of a certain bridge, succeeds, I believe, as the 
season advances, in heating the marble beneath him by 
nrni and unswerving adhesion. Howells, Ven. Life, ill. 
Wine also that is dilute may safely and properly be 
adhibited. T. Whitaker, Blood of the Grape, p. 33. 
2. To attach : as, he adhibited his name to the 
address. 
The greatest lords adhibited . . . faith to his words. 
Hall, Chronicles, Hen. VII., an. 7. 
3. To take or let in; admit. [Rare in all uses.] 
adhibition (ad-hi-bish'on), n. [< L. adhibitio(n-), 
application, < adhibere : see adhibit.} Applica- 
tion ; use ; specifically, use as a remedy. [Rare.] 
The adhibition of dilute wine. 
T. Whitaker, Blood of the Grape, p. 55. 
ad hoc (ad hok). [L. : ad, to; hoc, ace. neut. of 
hie, this : see hie.} To this ; with respect to 
this (subject or thing) ; in particular. 
adiaphorism 
ad hominem (ad hom'i-nem). [L. : ad, to; ho- 
MI IK-HI, acc. of homo, man: see Homo.} To the 
man; to the interests or passions of the person. 
Argumentum ad bomlnem, an argument drawn imm 
premises which, whether true or not. on;:iit to be admitted 
bythepenon to whom they are addressed, either on account 
of his peculiar beliefs or experience, or because they are 
ncerssary to justify his conduct or arc otherwise conducive 
to his interest. Aristotle (Topics, viii. n) remarks that it 
is sometimes necessary to refute the disputant ratlin- than 
his position, and some medieval logicians taught that rcfii- 
tation was of two kinds, xolutio rr-i'ta and i>(iitin ml hn,,,i- 
ibe latter being imperfect or fallacious refutation. 
Thus, Blnndeville says: "Confutation of per.-. in j^ ,ione 
either by taunting, rayling, rendring checke for c becke. 
or by scorning"; and Wilson says: "Either wee purpose 
by disputacion to aunswere fully to the matier or els sec- 
ondly (if power want to compass that) we seke some other 
meanes to satisfy the man." 
My design being not a particular victory over such a 
sort of men, but an absolute establishing of the truth, I 
shall lay down no grounds that are merely arifinnenta ad 
liiniii'iiii. Dr. II. More, Immortal, of Soul, ii. 1. 
adhortt (ad-hort'), v. t. [< L. ndhortiiri, en- 
courage, urge to, < ad, to. + hirrtari, urge, in- 
cite: see exhort.} To exhort; advise. 
That eight times martyred mother in the Maccabees, 
when she would adhort her son to a passive fortitude, 
. . . desires him to look upon the heavens, the earth, all 
in them contained. Feltham. 
adhortationt (ad-hor-ta'shon), n. [< L. adlnn-- 
tatii>(-), encouragement, (adhortari: see ad- 
linrt.} Advice; exhortation; encouragement. 
adhortatoryt (ad-hor'ta-to-ri), a. [< L. as if 
"adhortaturiiit,; < ailhortator, encourager, advi- 
ser, < adhortari : see adhort.} Advisory; con- 
veying counsel, warning, or encouragement. 
Abp. Potter. 
adiabatic (ud"i-a-bat'ik), a. and . [< Gr. a6t- 
ASaroc, not to be passed over, < a- priv., not, 
T dia/iarof, verbal adj. of ota/iaiveiv, pass over: 
see diabaterial.} I. a. Without transference: 
used in thermodynamics of a change in vol- 
ume, whether by expansion or contraction, 
unaccompanied by a gain or loss of heat. 
Adiabatic curve or line, a line exhibiting the relation 
between the pressure and the volume of a 
fluid, upon the assumption that it expands 
and contracts without either receiving or 
giving out heat. The curves are drawn upon 
a rectangular system of coordinates, the ab- 
scissas representing the volume of the sub- 
stance and the ordinates the pressure upon 
it; the curves thus being the loci of points 
representing different possible states of the 
body which passes between different states 
represented by different points on the same 
curve without imparting heat to other bodies 
or receiving heat from them. The adiabatic lines are 
steeper than the isothermal lines, as shown in the figure, 
where the curves a are adiabatics. 
If a series of adiabatic lines'be drawn so that the points 
at which they cut one of the isothermal lines correspond 
to successive equal additions of heat to the substance at 
that temperature, then this series of adiabatic lines will cut 
off a series of equal areas from the strip bounded by any two 
isothermal lines. Clerk Maxwell, Theory of Heat, p. 156. 
H. . An adiabatic line. 
Mr. W, Peddie gave a communication on the isothermals 
and adiabatim of water near the maximum density point. 
A'aturr, XXX. 403. 
adiabatically (ad"i-a-bat'i-kal-i), adv. In an 
adiabatic manner. 
adiabolist (ad-i-ab'o-list), . [< Gr. a- priv. + 
iSidfjo'/.of, devil, + -i'st.} A disbeliever in the 
existence of the devil. [Rare.] 
adiactinic (ad'i-ak-tin'ik), a. [< Gr. a- priv. 
(</-l 8 ) + diactinic.} Impervious to the actinic 
or chemical rays of light. 
Adiantum (ad-i-an'tum), w. [L., < Gr. adiavroc., 
maidenhair, prop, adj., unwetted (in reference 
to the resistance which the fronds offer to wet- 
ting), < a- priv. + 6iavr6f, capable of being wet- 
ted, verbal adj. of Siaiveiv, wet.] A large genus 
of ferns, widely distributed, and great favor- 
ites in hothouses on account of their beautiful 
forms. It includes the common maidenhair ferns, A. 
Capillux-Veneris and A. pedatum, the latter peculiar to 
North America. They have been used in the preparation 
of capillaire. 
adiaphora, . Plural of adiaphoron. 
adiaphoracyt (ad-i-af'o-ra-si), . [Improp. for 
fiilii/jihori/ : see -acy.} Indifference. 
adiaphoresis (ad-i-af-o-re'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
a- priv. + Auufiopsiv, throw off by perspiration, 
lit. carry off or away, < 6ia, apart, + <j>t/>etv = 
E.bearl; see a- 18 and diaphoresis.} Inpathol., 
deficiency of perspiration. Also written ndi- 
aphorosis. 
adiaphorism (ad-i-af 'o-rizm), n. [< adiapho- 
rous + -isni . } Religious tolerance or moderation 
in regard to indifferent or non-essential mat- 
ters; hence, latitudinarianism ; indifferentism. 
The English Thirty-nine Articles on the whole are ele- 
vated by the same lofty adiaphorism as that which pene- 
trated the Westminster Confession of Faith. 
Dean Stanley, in Macmillan's Hag., XLIV. -Ml. 
