adulteration 
2. The product or result of the act of adulter- 
ating ; that which is adulterated. 
adulterator (a-dul'ter-a-tor), . [L.; adult< rn- 
tor moiiette, a counterfeiter of money : < adulter- 
uri : see inliiltcrate, v.] One who adulterates. 
adulterer (a-dul'ter-er), n. [< adulter, v., + 
-er^; substituted for the older form avoutrer, 
udi'outrer, q. v.] A man guilty of adultery; a 
married man who has sexual commerce with 
any woman except his wife. See adultery. 
Formerly also spelled adultrer. 
adulteress (a-dul'ter-es), n. [< adulter, n., + 
-ess ; substituted for the older form avoutress, 
advoutress, q. v.] A woman guilty of adultery. 
Formerly also spelled adultress. 
adulterine (a-duTter-in), a. and n. [< L. adul- 
terinus, < adulter : see adulter, n.] I. a. 1. Of 
adulterous origin ; born of adultery. 
It must be, however, understood that strong moral re- 
pugnance to the fictitious affiliation of these illegitimate 
and adulterine children begins to show itself among the 
oldest of the Hindu law-writers whose treatises have sur- 
vived. Maine, Early Law and Custom, p. 99. 
2. Relating or pertaining to adultery ; involv- 
ing or implying adultery : as, adulterine fiction ; 
adulterine marriage (used by St. Augustine of 
a second marriage after divorce). 3. Charac- 
terized by adulteration: spurious; base: as, 
adulterine drugs or metals. [A Latinism, now 
rare.] 4f. Illegitimate; illicit; unauthorized: 
as, adulterine castles (castles built by the Nor- 
man barons in England, after the conquest, 
without royal warrant). 
The adulterine guilds, from which heavy sums were ex- 
acted in 1180 were stigmatised as adulterine because they 
had not purchased the right of association, as the older 
legal guilds had done, and had set themselves up against 
the government of the city which the king had recognised 
by his charter. Stubbt, Const. Hist., III. 584. 
II. . In civil taw, a child begotten in adultery, 
adulterize (a-dul'ter-iz), v. %. [< adulter + -ize.] 
To be guilty of adultery. Milton. Also spelled 
adulterise. [Rare.] 
Where did God ever will thee to lie, to swear, to op- 
press, to adulterise ! Rev. T. Adams, Works, II. 365. 
adulterous (a-dul'ter-us), a. [< adulter + -ous; 
substituted for the older form advoutrous, q. v.] 
1. Pertaining to or characterized by adultery; 
given to adultery. 
An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign. 
Mat. xii. 39. 
2. Illicit: said of combinations or relations of 
any kind. 
Some of our kings have made adulterant connections 
abroad. Burke, On a Regicide Peace. 
3. Spurious; corrupt; adulterated: as, "forged 
and adulterous stuff," Casaubon, Of CreduBty 
(trans.), p. 297. [Rare.] 
adulterously (a-dul'ter-us-li), adv. In an adul- 
terous manner. 
adultery (a-dul'ter-i), n. ; pi. adulteries (-iz). 
[< L. adulterium, < adulter; substituted for the 
older form advoutry, q. v.] 1. Violation of the 
marriage-bed ; carnal connection of a married 
pei-son with any other than the lawful spouse ; 
in a more restricted sense, the wrong by a wife 
which introduces or may introduce a spurious 
offspring into a family. It is sometimes called sin- 
gle adultery when only one of the parties is married, and 
double adultery when both are married. In some juris- 
dictions the law makes adultery a crime, in some unly a 
civil injury. In England, formerly, it was punished by 
line and imprisonment, and in Scotland it was frequently 
made a capital offense. In Great Britain at the present 
day, however, it is punishable only by ecclesiastical cen- 
sure ; but when committed by the wife, it is regarded as a 
civil injury, and forms the ground of an action of dam- 
ages against the paramour. Contrary to the previous gen- 
eral opinion, it has recently been held in the United 
States that the wife may have a corresponding action 
against a woman who seduces away her husband. In Eng- 
land and Scotland the husband's recovery of damages 
against the paramour can now be had only by joining him 
with the wife in an action for divorce. See divorce. 
2. In the seventh commandment of the deca- 
logue, as generally understood, all manner of 
lewdness or unchastity in act or thought. See 
Mat. v. 28. 3. Eccles., intrusion into a bish- 
opric during the life of the bishop. 4. In old 
arboriculture, the grafting of trees : so called 
from its being considered an unnatural union. 
5f. Adulteration; corruption: as, "all the 
adulteries of art," B. Jonson, Epicoene, i. 1. 6f . 
Injury; degradation; ruin. 
You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the 
adultery and spoil of nature. 
B. Jonson, Mercuric Vindicated. 
adultness (a-dult'nes), n. The state of being 
adult. 
adumbral (ad-um'bral), a. [< L. ad, to, + 
umbra, shade. Cf. adumbrate.] 1. Shady. 2. 
Same as adumbrellar. 
84 
adumbrant (ad-um' brant), a. [< L. adum- 
br<in(t-)s, ppr. of itditnibrare : see adumbrate.] 
Giving a faint shadow, or showing a slight re- 
semblance. 
adumbrate (ad-um'brat), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
adumbrated, ppr. adumbrating. [< L. adumbra- 
tus, pp. of adumbrare, cast a shadow over; in 
painting, to represent au object with due min- 
gling of light and shadow, also represent in 
outline; < ad, to, + umbra, shadow.] 1. To 
overshadow ; partially darken or conceal. 
Nor did it [a veil] cover, but adumbrate only 
Her most heart-piercing parts. 
Marlowe and Chapman, Hero and Leander, iv. 
2. Figuratively, to give a faint shadow or re- 
semblance of ; outline or shadow forth; fore- 
shadow; prefigure. 
Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible uni- 
verse the invisible God is adumbrated. Is. Taylor. 
In truth, in every Church those who cling most tena- 
ciously to the dogma are just the men " who have least 
hold of the divine substance " which it faintly adumbrate*. 
H. N. Oxenham, Short Studies, p. 314. 
adumbration (ad-um-bra'shon), n. [< L. ad- 
umbratio(n-), < adumbrare: see adumbrate.] 1. 
The act of adumbrating or making a shadow or 
faint resemblance. 2. Figuratively, a faint 
sketch; an imperfect representation; some- 
thing that suggests by resemblance, or shadows 
forth; a foreshadowing. 
Our knowledge is ... at best a faint confused adum- 
bration. Olanville, Seep. Sci. 
Belief comes into existence when man is not reasonable 
enough to have a theory about anything, while he is still 
mainly a feeling animal, possessing only some adumbra- 
(ton* or instincts of thought Keary, Prim. Belief, p. 23. 
3. In her., the shadow only of a figure, outlined, 
and painted of a color darker than the field. 
Shadow, however, has no proper place in heraldry. It is 
a modern abuse. 
adumbrative (ad-um'bra-tiv), a. [< adumbrate 
+ -ive.] Shadowing forth ; faintly resembling ; 
foreshadowing or typical. 
We claim to stand there as mute monuments, patheti- 
cally adumbrative of much. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., II. i. 10. 
adumbratively (ad-um'bra-tiv-li), adr. In an 
adumbrative manner. 
adumbrellar (ad-um-breriir), a. [< L. ad, to,+ 
NL. umbrella, the disk or acalephs: see um- 
brella.] Pertaining to the upper surface of the 
velum in sea-blubbers (Medusa) : opposed to 
abumbrellar. 
adunation (ad-u-na'shon), n. [< L. adunatio(n-), 
< adunare, pp. adunatits, make into one, < ad, 
to, + unus = E. one : see union, unite, etc. Cf . 
atone, the cognate E. form.] The act of uniting 
or the state of being united; union: as, "real 
union or adunation," Boyle, Scept. Chym. (1680), 
p. 94. [Rare.] 
adunc (ad-ungk'), a. [Formerly adunque, as 
if F. ; < L. aduncus, hooked : see aduncous.] 
Same as aduncous. 
Parrots have an adunque Bill. Bacon, Nat. Hist., 238. 
The Nose ... if Aquiline or Adunc. 
Ecelyn, Numismata, p. 297. (.V. E. D.) 
aduncal (ad-ung'kal), a. [< L. aduncus : see 
aduncous.'] Same as aduncous. 
The spire also opens out at its growing margin, . . . 
and thus gives rise to ... the common aduncal type of 
this organism [Orbiculina]. W. B. Carpenter, Micros., 464. 
aduncate (ad-ung'kat), v. t. ; pret. and pp. ad- 
uncated, ppr. aduncating. [< ML. aduncatus, 
Ep. of aduncare, hook, curve, < L. aduncus, 
ooked: see aduncous.] To curve inward, as 
a bird's beak or a nose. 
aduncate (ad-ung'kat), a. [< ML. aduncatus, 
pp. : see the verb.] Aduncous ; hooked ; hav- 
ing a hook : as, the aduncate bill of a hawk. 
aduncity (a-dun'si-ti), n. [< L. aduncitas, 
hookedness, <advncus, hooked: see aduncous.] 
The condition of being hooked ; hookedness. 
The aduncity of the pounces and beaks of the hawks. 
Martinui Scribterus. 
aduncous (a-dung'kus), a. [< L. aduncus, hook- 
ed, < ad, to, + uncus, hooked, barbed, uncus, a 
hook, barb.] Hooked; bent or made in the 
form of a hook; incurved. Equivalent forma- 
tions are adunc and aduncal. 
ad unguem (ad ung'gwcm). [L. : ad, to; un- 
guem, ace. of unguis, nail, claw.] To the nail, 
or touch of the nail ; exactly ; nicely. 
adunquet (ad-ungk'), a. Obsolete form of 
adunc. 
aduret (a-dur'), v. t. [< L. adurere, set fire to, 
burn, < ad, to, + urere, burn, akin to Gr. e'veiv, 
singe, aveiv, kindle, Skt. T/ ush, burn. Hence 
adust 2 , q. v.] To burn completely or partially ; 
calcine, scorch, or parch. 
advance 
adurentt (a-du'rent), n. [< L. aduren(t-)s, ppr. 
of iidurcrc: see adure.] Burning; heating. 
Jiacon. [Rare.] 
adusk (a-dusk'), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< n 3 , 
prep., -P dusk.] In the dusk or twilight; dark; 
in gloom. [Rare.] 
You wish to die and leave the world advuk 
For others. Mrs. Brntrniny, Aurora Leigh, i. 502. 
adust 1 (a-dusf), prep. phr. as a. [< a 3 , prep., 
+ dust.] Dusty. 
He was tired and adtat with long riding ; but he did not 
go home. Ueorge Eliot, Romola, xlv. 
Lose half their lives on the road often miry or adutt. 
BUickwood's Mag., XXI. 792. 
adust 2 (a-dusf), a. [< L. adustus, burned, pp. 
of adurere : see adure.'] 1. Burned; scorched; 
become dry by heat ; hot and fiery. 
Which with torrid heat, 
And vapour as the Libyan air adust, 
Began to parch that temperate clime. 
Milton, P. L., xii. 636. 
2. Looking as if burned or scorched. 
In person he was tall, thin, erect, with a small head, a 
long visage, lean yellow cheek, dark twinkling eyes, adutt 
complexion, . . . and a long, sable-silvered beard. 
Motley, Dutch Republic, II. 109. 
3f. In pathol., having much heat: said of the 
blood and other fluids of the body ; hence, ar- 
dent; sanguine; impetuous. 
If it [melancholy] proceed from blood adu*t, or that 
there be a mixture of blood in it, "such are commonly 
ruddy of complexion, and high-coloured," according to 
Sallust, Salvianus, and Hercules de Saxonia. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 242. 
adustedt (a-dus'ted), a. [< adust* + -ecft.] Be- 
come hot and dry ; burned ; scorched. 
Those rayes which scorch the adusted soyles of Calabria 
and Spaine. Homll, Forreine Travell, p. 74. 
adustiblet (a-dus'ti-bl), a. [< adustf + -ibk.] 
Capable of being burned up. 
adustiont (a-dus'tion), n. [< L. adustio(n-), < 
adurere: see adure, adusfi.] 1. The act of 
burning, scorching, or heating to dryness ; the 
state of being thus heated or dried. Harvey. 
Others will have them [symptoms of melancholy) come 
from the diverse adustion of the four humours. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 242. 
2. In med., cauterization. 
adv. A common abbreviation of adverb and of 
advertisement. 
advailablet (ad-va'la-bl), a. Obsolete form of 
available. 
ad val. An abbreviation of ad valorem. 
ad valorem (ad va-16'rem). [NL. : L. ad, to; 
LL. and NL. valorem, ace. of valor, value : see 
valor.] According to value. Applied (i) in com., 
to customs or duties levied according to the marketable 
value or worth of the goods at the original place of ship- 
ment, as sworn to by the owner and verified by the cus- 
toms appraisers ; (2) in law, to lawyers' fees for the draw- 
ing of certain deeds or other work chargeable according 
to the value of the property involved. 
advance (ad-vans'), v. ; pret. and pp. advanced, 
ppr. advancing. [Earlier advaunce, avaunce, < 
ME. avauncen, avaunsen, avancen, avansen, < 
OF. avancer, avartcier, later avancer, "to for- 
ward, set forward, further, put on; also, to 
hasten; and to shorten or cut off by haste; 
also, to advance, prefer, promote" (Cotgrave), 
mod. F. avancer = Pr. Sp. avanzar= Pg. avancar 
= It. avanzare, < ML. *abanteare, < abante, away 
before, > It. Sp. Pg. avante, Pr. OF. F. avant, 
before : see avant, avaunt, andcaw 2 . The prefix 
is thus historically av- for orig. ab- : the spelling 
adv-, now established in this word and advan- 
tage, is due to a forced ' restoration ' of a- taken 
as a reduced form of ad-: see a- 11 and a-1 8 .] 
1. trans. 1. To bring forward in place ; move 
further in front. 
Now Morn, her rosy steps in the eastern clime 
Advancing, sow'd the earth with orient pearl. 
Milton, P. L., v. 2. 
One lac'd the helm, another held the lance : 
A third the shining buckler did advance. 
Dryden, Pal. and Arc., 1. 1732. 
A line was entrenched, and the troops were admnced to 
the new position. U. S. Grant, Pers. Mem., I. 377. 
2. To forward in time ; accelerate : as, to ad- 
rance the growth of plants. 3. To improve 
or make better ; benefit; promote the good of : 
as, to advance one's true interests. 
As the calling dignifies the man, so the man much more 
advances his calling. South, Sermons. 
4. To promote ; raise to a higher rank : as, to 
advance one from the bar to the bench. 
And to advance again, for one man's merit, 
A thousand heirs that have deserved nought? 
Sir J. Dacien, Immortal, of Soul, viii. 
It has ben the fate of this obliging favorite to advance 
those who soone forget their original. 
Evelyn, Diary, July 22, 1674. 
