advantage 
4f. Reflexively, to cause to be an advantage to ; 
avail (one's self). 
It is observed of wolves, that when they go to the fold 
for prey, they will he sure to advantage themselves of the 
wind. See. T. Adam*, Works, II. 121. 
II. intrant. To gain au advantage ; be bene- 
fited. 
The carnivoraadco((i!/ by the accident of their painted 
skins. P. Robinson, Under the Sun, p. 185. 
advantageable (ad-van'taj-a-bl), a. [Early 
mod. E. avantageable ; < advantage + -able.] 
Profitable; convenient; gainful. [Rare.] 
It is advantageable to a physician to be called to the 
cure of declining disease. Sir J. Hayward. 
advantage-ground (ad - van 'taj- ground), n. 
Vantage-ground. Clarendon. 
advantageous (ad-van-ta'jus), a. [Formerly 
advantageous; < advantage, n., + -ous, after P. 
avantageux, < avantage.] Of advantage ; fur- 
nishing convenience or opportunity to gain 
benefit ; gainful ; profitable ; useful ; beneficial : 
as, an advantageous position of the troops; trade 
is advantageous to a nation. 
Between these colonies and the mother country, a very 
advantageous traffic was at first carried on. 
Goldsmith, Citizen of the World, xxv. 
It is evident that they [changes in color] are under the 
control of the fish, and therefore advantageous. 
Science, IV. 339. 
= Syn, Helpful, serviceable, favorable, remunerative. 
advantageously (ad-van-ta'jus-li), adv. In an 
advantageous manner ; with advantage ; profit- 
ably; usefully; conveniently. 
It was advantageously situated, there being an easy 
passage from it to India by sea. Arbuthnot. 
Their mother is evidently not without hopes of seeing 
one, at least [of her daughters], advantageously settled in 
life. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 184. 
advantageousness (ad-van-ta'jus-nes), n. The 
quality or state of being advantageous ; profit- 
ableness ; usefulness ; convenience. 
The last property, which qualifies God for the fittest ob- 
ject of our love, is, the advantageousness of His to us. both 
in the present and the future life. Boyle, Works, I. 279. 
advectitious (ad-vek-tish'us), a. [< L. advec- 
titius, prop, advecticius, brought to a place from 
a distance, foreign, < advectus, pp. of advehere, 
bring to : see advehent.] Brought from another 
place. Blount. 
advehent (ad've-hent), o. [< L. advehen(t-)s, 
ppr. of advehere, bring to, carry to, < ad, to, + 
vehere, bring, carry : see vehicle, convey.] Bring- 
ing; carrying to; afferent: in anat., applied 
to sundry vessels : the opposite of reve)tent. 
advene (ad-ven'), v. i. [< L. advenire, come to, 
arrive at, < ad, to, + venire, come, = E. come, q. v. 
Cf. convene, intervene, supervene.] To accede 
or come; be added or become a part, though 
not essential. [Bare.] 
Where no act of the will advenes as a co-efficient. 
Coleridge, Remains (1836), III. 19. 
advenientt (ad-ve'nient), a. [<L. advenien(t-)s, 
ppr. of advenire: see'advene.] Advening; com- 
ing from without ; superadded. 
Divided from truth in themselves, they are yet farther 
removed by advenient deception. 
Sir T. Emmie, Vulg. Err., 1. 3. 
advent (ad'vent), n. [< ME. advent, < L. ad- 
ventus, a coming to, approach, < advenire : see 
advene.] 1. A coming into place, view, or be- 
ing; visitation; arrival; accession: as, the ad- 
vent of visitors, of an infant, or of death. [A 
modern use of the word, the ecclesiastical use 
having been the original one in English.] 
With the advent of the empire all this was destined to 
undergo a complete change. 
Meriwle, Human Empire, xxxv. 
With the advent to power of a liberal-minded Sovereign 
... it might have been expected that there would be an 
immediate chauge in the Government of Piedmont. 
E. Dicey, Victor Emmanuel, p. B4. 
Specifically 2. The coming of Christ as the 
Saviour of the world. Hence 3. [cap.] Ec- 
cles., the period immediately preceding the fes- 
tival of the Nativity. It includes four Sundays, reck- 
oning from the Sunday nearest St. Andrew's day (Nov. 30) 
to Christmas eve, and has been observed since the sixth 
century as a season of devotion with reference to the com- 
ing of Christ in the flesh and to his second coming to judge 
the world ; in the Roman Catholic Church observed also as 
a time of penance and fasting. In the Oriental and Greek 
Churches the period includes six Sundays, or forty days. 
Second advent, the second coining of Christ to establish 
a personal reign upon the earth as its king. See mille- 
-narianwm and premillennialism. 
Adventist (ad'ven-tist), n. [< advent + -ist.] 
One who believes in the second coming of 
Christ to establish a personal reign upon the 
earth ; a millenarian ; a Second-adventist. The 
Adventists of the United States owe their origin to the 
millenarian teachings of William Miller (see Millerite), 
most of them believing at first in various dates fixed for 
the second coming of Christ from 1843 to 1861, but after- 
86 
ward abandoning the attempt to determine the date. 
There are several divisions or sect* of Adventists, the prin- 
cipal of which are: the Advent (or Scram/ Admit) Chris- 
tians, the largest ; the Seventh-day AdcentM*, much small- 
er, but more compactly organized ; and the JSvaiujelical 
Adventists, the smallest. The members of the first believe 
in the final annihilation of the wicked, which those of the 
other two reject. The second observe the seventh day as 
the Sabbath, and believe in the existence of the spirit of 
prophecy among them; they maintain missions in various 
parts of the world, and a number of institutions at Battle 
Creek, Michigan, their headquarters. 
adventitia (ad-ven-tish'i-a), n. [NL., fern, 
sing. (sc. membrana, or tunica)ot L. admititius: 
see adventitious.] In anat., any membranous 
structure covering an organ but not properly 
belonging to it (in full, membra iui udrrntitia, 
adventitious membrane) ; specifically, the out- 
ermost of the three coats of a blood-vessel (in 
fullj tunica adventitia, adventitious tunic), con- 
sisting of connective tissue. 
adventitious (ad-ven-tish'us), a. [< L. adven- 
titiiiK. prop, adventicias, coming from abroad, 
< adventus, pp. of advenire: see advene.] 1. 
Added extrinsically ; not springing from the es- 
sence of the subject, but from another source ; 
foreign ; accidentally or casually acquired : ap- 
plied to that which does not properly belong to 
a subject, but which is superadded or adopted, 
as in a picture or other work of art, to give it ad- 
ditional power or effect. 
Every subject acquires an adventitious importance to 
him who considers it with application. 
Goldsmith, Polite Learning, xiv. 
But apart from any adventitious associations of later 
growth, it is certain that a very ancient belief gave to magic 
the power of imparting life, or the semblance of it, to inani- 
mate things. LoweU, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 117. 
2. In hot. and zool., appearing casually, or in 
an abnormal or unusual position or place ; oc- 
curring as a straggler or away from its natural 
position or habitation ; adventive. 
The inflorescence (of Cuscata alomerata] is developed 
from numerous crowded adventitious buds, and not by the 
repeated branching of axillary, flowering branches, as 
commonly stated. Science, IV. 342. 
3. In anat., of the nature of adventitia: as, the 
adventitious coat of an artery. 
adventitiously (ad-veu-tish'us-li), adv. In an 
adventitious or extrinsic manner ; accidentally. 
adventitiousness (ad-ven-tish'us-nes), n. The 
state or quality of being adventitious. 
adventive (ad-ven'tiv), a. and n. [< L. adven- 
tus, pp. of advenire (see advene), + -ive.] I. a. 
If. Accidental ; adventitious. 
The relative and adventive characters of offences. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 
Specifically 2. In bot. and zool., only tran- 
sient and locally spontaneous, not thoroughly 
naturalized: applied to introduced plants and 
animals. 
Il.t n. One who or that which comes from 
without ; an immigrant. 
That the natives be not so many, but that there may be 
elbow-room enough for them, and for the adventives also. 
Baton, Advice to Villiers. 
adventryt (ad-ven'tri), n. [< adventure, as if *ad- 
ventury.] An enterprise; an ad venture. [Bare.] 
Act a brave work, call it thy last adventry. 
B. Jontton, Epigrams. 
Adventual (ad-ven 'tu-al), a. [< L. as if *ad- 
ventualis, < adventus (adventu-), approach: see 
advent.] Relating to the season of Advent. 
Bp. Sanderson. 
adventure (ad-ven'tur), n. [Early mod. E. of- 
ten also adi'ter,<ME. aventure, auenture, often 
contr. auntour, aunter, anter, etc., < OF. (and 
F.) aventure = Pr. 8p. Pg. aventura = It. av- 
ventura = Fries, aventure = MHG. aventiure, G. 
abentcuer = Dan. ceventyr, eventyr = Sw. afven- 
tyr, < ML. aventura, also adventura, lit. a thing 
about to happen, \ L. advenire, fut. part. act. 
adventurus, come to, happen : see advene. 
The ME. prefix a- (a- 11 ) has been restored to 
its orig. L. form ad-. Hence peradventure, q. v. 
Cf. venture.] If. That which comes or happens 
to one; hap; chance; fortune; luck. 
Searching of thy wound, 
I have by hard adventure found mine own. 
Shale., As you Like it, ii. 4. 
And as my fair adventure fell, I found 
A lady all in white, with laurel crown'd. 
Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 1. 463. 
2. A hazardous enterprise ; an undertaking of 
uncertain issue, or participation in such an un- 
dertaking. 
He forged, 
But that was later, boyish histories 
Of battle, bold adventure, dungeon, wreck. 
Tennyson, Aylmer's Field. 
3. A remarkable occurrence in one's personal 
history ; a noteworthy event or experience in 
one's life. 
adventuress 
Come, never mind our uncle's age, let us hear his ad- 
ventures. Irving, Tales of a Traveler. 
4. A speculation of any kind, commercial, 
financial, or mining; aventure; specifically, a 
speculation in goods sent abroad. 
Lafayette directed the captain to steer for the United 
States, which, especially as he had a large pecuniary ad- 
venture of his own on board, he declined duing. 
Kfi-ett, Orations, I. 4W. 
5f. Peril; danger. 
He was in great adventure of his life. Benirrt. 
6. Adventurous activity ; participation in ex- 
citing or hazardous undertakings or enterprises : 
as, a spirit of adventure At all adventures', at 
all hazards; whatever may be the consequence. 
In this mist at all adventures go Shale., C. of E., ii. 2. 
Bill of adventure. See Wtts. 
adventure (ad-ven'tur), v. ; pret. and pp. ad- 
rciitured, ppr. adventuring. [< ME. aventuren, 
usually contr. to aunteren, auntren (which sur- 
vives, prob., in gaunter, q. v.), < OF. aventurer 
= Pr. Sp. Pg. aventurar = lt. awenturare, <ML. 
adventurare; from the noun.] I. trans, i. To 
risk or hazard; put in the power of unforeseen 
events: as, to adventure one's life. 
My father fought for you, and adventured his life far. 
Judges ix. 17. 
2. To venture on ; take the chance of ; run the 
risk of doing or suffering. 
So bold Leander would adventure it. 
Shak., T. G. of V., lit. 1. 
Well, my lord, I do adventure, on your won), 
The duke's displeasure. 
Dekker and Webster^!), Sir Thomas Wyat, p. 15. 
II. intrant. To take the risk involved in do- 
ing anything; proceed at a venture. 
Still y plague continuing in our parish, I could not 
without danger adventure to our church. 
Evelyn, Diary, Sept. 7, 1666. 
IU government began to adventure on a lenient policy. 
Bancroft, Hist. U. S., I. 349. 
adventureful (ad-ven'tur-ful), a. Given to 
adventure ; full of enterprise. [Bare.] 
adventurementt (ad-ven' tur-ment), n. Haz- 
ardous enterprise. 
Wiser Raymuudus, in his closet pent, 
Laughs at such danger and adventureinent. 
Bp. Hall, Satires, IV. ill. 36. 
adventurer (ad-ven'tur-er), n. [Late ME. ad- 
ventorer, a gamester, suggested by F. aventurier, 
with same sense, < ML. adventurarius, -erius : 
see adventure and -er.] 1. One who engages 
in adventure; an undertaker of uncertain or 
hazardous actions or enterprises, as in travel, 
war, trade, speculation, etc. : as, the Young Ad- 
venturer, a title given to Prince Charles Edward 
Stuart on account of his leading the desperate 
insurrection of 1745. Specifically (o) One of a class 
of soldiers in the middle ages who Bold their services to 
the highest bidder, or fought and plundered on their own 
account (6) Formerly, a seeker of fortune by foreign 
trade, travel, or emigration ; one who engaged in foreign 
discovery, colonization, or speculation for the sake of 
profit, especially in North America. 
While these things were thus acting in America, the 
adventurers in England were providing, though too tedi- 
ously, to send them recruits. Beverley, Virginia, i. T[ 7. 
The [colonial] governor [of Maryland] was authorized to 
erect each holding of 1,000 acres and over into a manor, to 
be called by such name as the adventurer or adventurers 
shall desire. Johns Hopkins Univ. Stud., III. 319. 
(c) In general, one who undertakes any great commercial 
risk or speculation ; a speculator ; in mining, a share- 
holder in or promoter of mines, particularly under the 
cost-book system. See cost-book. 
2. In a bad sense, a seeker of fortune by un- 
derhand or equivocal means ; a speculator upon 
the credulity or good nature of others: espe- 
cially, one who ingratiates himself with soci- 
ety by false show or pretense in order to gain 
a surreptitious livelihood Adventurer tunnel. 
See tunnel. Merchant Adventurers, the title of a com- 
mercial company first established in Antwerp, and char- 
tered in England by Henry IV. in 1406, and by successive 
sovereigns down to Charles I. in 1634, who carried on 
trading and colonizing enterprises in North America and 
other parts of the world. Several local associations of 
merchants still exist in England under this name, that of 
Newcastle reckoning its origin from the seventeenth year 
of King John (121<>). 
adventuresome (ad-ven'tur -sum), a. [< nil- 
venture, n., + -some.] Bold; daring ; adventur- 
ous ; incurring hazard. See venturesome. 
Adventuresome, I send 
My herald thought into a wilderness. 
Keats, Endymion, i. 
adventuresomeness (ad-ven'tur-sum-nes), n. 
The quality of being bold and venturesome. 
adventuress (ad-ven'tur-es), n. [< adventurer 
+ -ess.] A female adventurer; a woman en- 
gaged in or capable of bold enterprises, espe- 
cially enterprises of equivocal character. 
