adventuress 
87 
advert 
It might be very well for Lady Bareacres . . . and other chance, nevertheless, nowadays. See prepositional phrase, JI. . A word or proposition denoting con- 
ladies . . . to cry He at the idea of the odious adventuress under iirfpositinnal. trariety or opposition. 
"** '^ CUrt8By bCfUrU ^r^anity Fair, xlviii. &&*& ' ^^ ^ state Or^S & Sgg*%^ *' * " 
[< ME. area- of being adverbial ; adverbial form of expres- a( j verse (ad'vers, sometimes ad-vers'), a. [< 
adventurous (ad-ven'tur-us), a. 
turoux,aci'iituriiii,<ti(iiteriJuis,ete.,<.OF.aventeros, sion. N. E. D. 
F. aventureujc = PT. aventuros=lt. avventuroso: adverbialize (ad-ver'bi-al-iz), v. t.; pret. and 
see adventure, n., and -ous."] 1. Inclined or pp. adcerbialized, ppr. adverbializing. [<adver- 
willing to incur hazard or engage in adven- bial + -i;e.~\ To give the form or force of an 
tures ; bold to encounter danger ; daring ; ven- adverb to ; use as an adverb. 
ME. adcerse, < OF. advers, earlier avers, auvers, 
F. adverse = Pr. adverse = Sp. Pg. adverso = 
It. avverso, < L. adversus, earlier advorsus, 
turned toward, over against, opposite, opposed, 
turesome; courageous; enterprising. 
In many u doubtful fight, 
Was never known a more advent'rous knight. 
. Hind and Panther, 1. 220 
auveru iu , uoc 0,0 c.u OUYCIU. pp o f a ^ ver te re earlier advortere, turn to: see 
adverbially (ad-ver'bi-al-i), adv. In the man- advert ^ j Being or acting in a contrary di- 
rection ; opposed or opposing in position or 
course ; opposite ; confronting : most com- 
Th' adventurous baron the bright locks admired. 
Pope, R. of the L.,ii. 29. 
2. Full of hazard ; attended with risk ; exposing 
to danger ; requiring courage ; hazardous : as, 
an adventurous undertaking. 
Of instrumental harmony, that breathed 
Heroic ardour to adventurous deeds. 
Milton, P. L., vi. 66. 
ner or with the force or 
verb ; as an adverb. 
adversaria (ad-ver-sa'ri-a), 
haracter of an ad- 
, .... pt- [L. (so. mon iy used of hurtful or hostile opposedness 
scripta), miscellaneous notes, memoranda, lit. but 8omet i me s of mere opposition in space 
writings lying before one's eyes, < adversarius. 
turned toward, being in front of, standing op- 
posite : see adversary.] A miscellaneous col- 
lection of notes, remarks, or selections ; a com- 
monplace-book ; memoranda or annotations. 
These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's 
adversaria. Bp. Bull, Sermons. 
adver- 
= Syn. 1. Adventurous, Enterprising, Rash, Reckless, Fool- 
hardy, venturesome, venturous. The adventurous man 
incurs risks from love of the novel, the arduous, and the 
bold, trusting to escape through the use of his bodily and 
mental powers ; he would measure himself against difficult 
things. When this spirit does not go so far as to deserve 
the name of rashness or foolhardinesx, it is" considered a 
manly trait. The enterprising man is alert to undertake 
new and large things, not necessarily involving risk ; he is 
constantly breaking out of routine. The rash man hastens 
to do a thing with little thought of the consequences, and 
generally in the heat of feeling. With the foolhardy man 
the risks are so great and the absence of thought is so 
entire that he seems to have the hardihood of the fool. 
The reckless man has the impetuosity of the rash man, but 
he is more careless of consequences. The rash man is 
too precipitate ; the reckless man shows temerity ; the 
foolhardy man is careless or defiant even when he under- 
takes the impossible. 
Commerce is unexpectedly confident and serene, alert, 
adventurous, and unwearied. Thoreau, Walden, p. 130. 
There have not been wanting enterprising and far-see- 
ing statesmen who have attempted to control and direct 
the Spirit of the Age. W. K. Clifford, Lectures, I. 80. 
He is rash, and very sudden in choler, and, haply, may 
strike at you. Shak., Othello, ii. 1. 
I am one, my liege, 
Whom the vile blows and buffets of the world 
Have so incens'd, that I am reckless what 
I do to spite the world. Shak., Macbeth, iii. 1. 
The foolhardy levity of shallow infidelity proceeds from 
a morbid passion for notoriety, or the malice that finds 
pleasure in annoyance. Bancroft, Hist. U. S., I. 194. 
adventurously (ad-ven'tur-us-li), adv. In an 
adventurous manner ; boldly ; daringly. 
They are both hanged ; and so would this be, if he durst 
steal anything adventurously. Shak., Hen. V., iv. 4. 
adventurousness (ad-ven'tur-us-nes), n. The 
quality of being adventurous ; daring. 
adverb (ad' verb), n. [< F. adverbe, < L. adver- 
bium, an adverb (a tr. of Gr. evippr/^a, an ad- 
verb, something additional to the predication), 
< ad, to, + verbum, a word, verb: see verb."] Ln 
gram., one of the indeclinable parts of speech: 
so called from being ordinarily joined to verbs 
for the purpose of limiting or extending their 
signification, but used also to qualify adjectives 
and other adverbs: as, I readily admit; you 
speak wisely; very cold; naturally brave; very 
generally acknowledged; much more clearly. 
Adverbs may be classified as follows : (1) Adverbs of place 
and motion, as here, there, up, out, etc. (2) Of time and 
succession, as now, then, often, ever, etc. (3) Of manner 
and quality, as so, thus, well, truly, faithfully, etc. (4) Of 
measure and degree, as much, more, very, enough, etc. (5) 
Of modality, as surely, not, perhaps, therefore, etc. Often 
abbreviated adv. 
adverbial (ad-ver'bi-al), a. [< L. adverbialis, 
(.adverbium, adverb: see adverb."] 1. Pertain- 
ing to, or having the character or force of, an 
adverb. 2. Much inclined to use adverbs; 
given to limiting or qualifying one's state- 
ments. [Rare.] 
He is also wonderfully adverbial in his expressions, and 
breaks off with a " Perhaps " and a nod of the head upon 
matters of the most indifferent nature. Tatler, No. 191. 
vei'sary, adversarie (also adversere, < AF. ad- 
verser, OF. adversier, aversier, mod. F. adver- 
saire), < L. adversarius, a., standing opposite 
or opposed to, turned toward, < adversarius, n., 
antagonist, opponent, < adversus, opposite : see 
adverse, a.] I. a. 1. Opposed; opposite to; 
adverse: antagonistic: as, "adversary forces," 
Bp. King. [Rare orobsolete.] 2. In law, hav- 
ing an opposing party, in contradistinction to 
unopposed : as, an adversary suit. 
II. . ; pi. adversaries (ad'v6r-sa-riz). 1. 
One who acts adversely or inimically ; an un- 
friendly opponent or antagonist ; an enemy. 
The Lord will take vengeance on his adversaries. 
Nahum i. 2. 
We carry private and domestic enemies within, public 
and more hostile adversaries without. 
Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, ii. 7. 
With adverse blast upturns them from the south 
Notus. Milton, P. L, x. 701. 
Thus marching to the trumpet's lofty sound, 
Drawn in two lines adverse they wheel'd around. 
DryAen, Flower and Leaf, 1. 280. 
He looked upon the bright green slope, that skirts the 
adverse hills. 
Blackie, Lays of Highlands, p. 167. (N. E. D.) 
2. Antagonistic in purpose or effect; opposite; 
hostile ; inimical : as, an adverse party ; ad- 
verse criticism. 
The spirit of personal invective is peculiarly adverse to 
the coolness of rhetoric. De Quincey, Rhetoric. 
Error is adverse to human happiness. 
H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 238. 
3. Opposing desire ; contrary to the wishes or 
to supposed good ; hence, unfortunate ; calam- 
itous ; unprosperous : as, adverse fate or cir- 
cumstances. 
He lived, we are told, to experience sport of adverse for- 
tune. Xerivale, Roman Empire, xlii. 
In studying the minor poets, we see with especial clear- 
ness the advene influences of a transition era, composite 
though it be. Stedman, Viet. Poets, p. 28. 
4. In bot., turned toward the axis : the opposite 
of averse, but rarely used. See anatropous. 
[The early botanists used the term in the sense 
of opposite.] Adverse leaf, a leaf which has its up- 
per surface turned toward the stem. Adverse posses- 
sion, in law, occupancy of realty as if by right without 
molestation, which may at length ripen into a sufficient 
title. Adverse radicle, in bot., a radicle turned toward 
the hilum, as in anatropous seeds. See anatropous. = Syn. 
1. Opposite, contrary, unfavorable. 2. Averse, Inimical, 
etc. See hostile. 3. Unfortunate, unlucky, calamitous, 
untoward, disastrous. 
adverset (ad-vers'), v. t. 
pose, < adversus, opposite : 
oppose. 
Fortune should him adverse. 
[< L. adversari, op- 
see adverse, a.] To 
Specifically 2. [cop.] The devil ; Satan as 
the general enemy of mankind : as, the wiles 
of the Adversary. 3. An opponent in a con- 
test; one who contends against another or 
strives for victory ; a contestant. 
Agree with thine adversary quickly, . . . lest at any 
time the adversary deliver thee to the judge. Mat. v. 25. 
Forsaketh yet the lists 
By reason of his adversary's odds. 
Shak., 1 Hen. VI., v. 5. adver sely (ad'vers-li), 
The adversaries may consult as to a fresh deal [in whist]. 
American Hoyle, p. 2. 
= Syn. lands. Adversary, Antagonist, Opponent, Enemy, 
Foe. These words vary in strength according as they ex- 
press spirit, action, or relation. A foe has most of the spirit 
of enmity, or is actively hostile. The word is more used in 
poetry than in prose. Enemy, as denoting an opponent in J VAT . BPT ,paa fad'vers-nesl n 
war, or a member of an opposing party, does not necessarily aaVCI Les;, n. 
imply personal hostility. Opponent, adversary, and antago- repugnance. 
nit are less severe in their opposition, and need have no an- This would account for an adverseness to all our over- 
imosity. Opponent is often a passive word; antagonist is tures for peace. Hallam. 
always active and personal. A man may be our opponent _ , , ; t . 1]T ,T,,.narniisTipss ndufrtf 
in an argument or a lawsuit, our adversary in a game, as * Adversity , unprosperousness . as, aaverse- 
chess, our antagonist in a wrestling- or boxing-match, or ness of circumstances. 
other occasion of strenuous exertion : the choice between adversifoliate (ad-ver-si-fo'li-at), a. [< L. ad- 
the three words depends chiefly upon the measure of ac- ..,,,..,,, n r>r iairp -I- folium lnf + -titpl 1 In 
SSftSflStr" ^ admn/ C Vera the mea "- loltS opp'osV&s ^itedt plants 
I will be ... an adversary to thine adversaries. where the leaves are arranged opposite to each 
Ex. xxiii. 22. other on the stem. 
He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and adversifoliOUS (ad-ver-si-fo'li-us), a. [As ad- 
versifoli-ate + -ous."] Same as adversifoliate. 
adversiont (ad-ver' shon), n. [< L. adversio(n-), 
a turning to, < advertere, pp. adversus, turn to : 
Gower, Coat. Amant., ii. 
^. In an adverse 
manner ; oppositely ; inimically ; offensively ; 
unfortunately ; unprosperously ; in a manner 
contrary to desire or success. 
If the drink you give me touch my palate adversely, I 
make a crooked face at it. Shak., Cor., if. 1. 
1. Opposition; 
sharpens our skill. Our antagonist is our helper. 
Burke, Rev. in France. 
In the Socratic way of dispute you agree to everything 
your opponent advances. Addison, Spectator, No. 239. 
If they are spared by the humanity of the enemy and 
carried from the field, it is but a prolongation of torment. 
R. Hall, Mod. Infidelity. 
see advert."] Attention; perception. 
The soul bestoweth her adversion 
On something else. 
Dr. H. Wore, Phil. Poems, p. 294. 
Those who are national or political enemies are often adversity (ad-ver'si-ti), n.; pi. adversities (-tiz). 
private friends. Crabb. ,< M ' aaversi te, <' OF. adversiteit, adversitet, 
^nTve^Se tn:m U s g eltes h a y ^ knOW i.r, Epitaph. ** < ^ adver s ita(t-)s, < adversus, adverse : 
see adverse, a.] 1. Adverse fortune or fate ; a 
adversaryt (ad'ver-sa-n), v. t. [< adversary, a.] condition or state marked by misfortune, calam- 
ity, distress, or unhappiness. 
To antagonize ; oppose. 
To give any retorting accounts of the principal persons 
who thus adversaried him. C. Mather, Mag. Chris., ii. 12. 
Adverbial modality (of a proposition), in logic, modal- a Hirer nation* (ait vr sa'shon"! n 
ity expressed by an adverb : as, offenses necesmril,, come : aaversationt (aa-ver-sa sr >n;, n. 
opposed to nominal modality, which is expressed by an 
adjective ; as, it is necessary that offenses should come. 
Adverbial phrase, or adverb-phrase, a collocation of 
I"<L adver- 
|> ^- < 
satw(n-),< adversary pp. actversatus, oppose : SCO 
adverse, I'.] The state of being adverse ; ad- 
verseness ; opposition ; hostility. 
, 
two or more words in a sentence bavlng conjointly the j__ ,,4.j_l., fii-i _.A' ti^ n n -nA *, r/ T T 
grammatical force of an adverb. The most distinct ad- adversative (ad-ver sa-tiv), a. and n. C LL. 
verbial phrases consist of a preposition and a noun or a 
word used as a nonn, with or without adjuncts, as on the 
whole, in very deed, by the way, by chance, of course. In 
this dictionary many such phrases in common use are de- 
fined under their principal words. Many elliptical phrases 
without a preposition are in reality adverbial, but are not 
usually treated as such : as, he goes there every day ; this 
is WM% timi-s larger than that. Some phrases have been 
made compound adverbs by coalescence, as indeed, per- 
adversativus, < adversaius, pp. of adversari, op- 
pose : see adverse, v."] I. a. 1 . Expressing differ- 
ence, contrariety, opposition, or antithesis : as, 
an adversative conjunction. In the sentence, he is 
an honest man, but a fanatic, but has an adversative force, 
and is called an adversative conjunction, and the whole 
proposition is called an adversative proposition. 
2f. Of adverse nature ; inimical. 
Sweet are the uses of adversity, 
Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous, 
Wears yet a precious jewel in his head. 
Shak., As you Like it, 11. 1. 
2. An unfortunate event or circumstance; an 
ill chance ; a misfortune or calamity : generally 
in the plural. 
Ye have this day rejected your God, who himself saved 
you out of all your adversities. 1 Sam. x. 19. 
= Syn. Trouble, distress, misery, disaster, woe, ill luck. 
advert (ad-vert'), v. [< ME. adverten, averten, 
<OF. avertir, later advertir, "to inform, certi- 
fie, advertise," etc. (Cotgrave), < L. advertere, 
earlier advortere, turn toward ; animum adver- 
tere (see animadvert), or simply advertere, turn 
