advised 
2. Marked by or resulting from advice or delib- 
eration; considerate or considered; prudent; 
expedient: now used chiefly in composition 
with well or ill: as, a well-advised movement; 
your conduct is very ill-advised. 
We have no express purpose . . . nor any advised de- 
termination. //.">/,./-, Works, I. 49. 
advisedly (ad-vi'zed-li), rfr. With advice or 
deliberation; heedfully; purposely; by design: 
as, I speak udrisctllij; an enterprise adriwdli/ 
undertaken. 
advisedness (ad-vl'zed-nes), 11. The state of 
being advised ; deliberate consideration ; pru- 
dent procedure. 
advisement (ad-viz'ment), . [< ME. avisc- 
mcnt, < OF. avisement = Pr. avisament = Pg. 
avisamento = It. avvisamento ; from the verb: 
see advise and -went.] If. Counsel ; advice. 
I will, according to your advisement, declare the evils 
which seem most hurtful. Spemer, State of Ireland. 
2. Deliberation ; circumspection ; consultation : 
now used chiefly in the phrase under advisement. 
Among those that do all things with advisement there 
is wisdom. Prov. xiii. 10 (trans. 1539). 
I have not decided against a proclamation of liberty to 
the slaves, hut hold the matter under advisement. 
Lincoln, in Raymond, p. 215. 
adviser (ad-vi'zer), n. [< adrise + -er 1 . Cf. 
ML. advisor.'] One who gives advice or ad- 
monition ; also, in a bad sense, one who insti- 
gates or persuades. Specifically, in politics, one of 
the counselors or ministers about a ruler, who may or may 
not be legally responsible for their superior's official acts. 
In the United States government the official advisers of 
the President are the heads of the various departments, 
collectively called the Cabinet. He requests their opin- 
ions in accordance with custom, but not through any pro- 
vision of the Constitution. In England, until the middle 
of the seventeenth century, the Privy Council formed the 
Kind's executive advisers. This body, greatly enlarged, is 
now summoned in full only upon extraordinary occasions, 
and the ordinary advisers of the crown are those members 
of the ministry who constitute the Cabinet, which is in 
effect a committee of the Privy Council. The responsi- 
bility rests with the ministry, and not with the sovereign. 
See cabinet, and privy council, under council. 
advisersbip (ad-vi'zer-ship), n. The office of 
an adviser. [Rare.] 
advising (ad-vi'zing), n. Advice ; counsel. 
Fasten your ear on my advisings. SAai.,M.forM.,iii. 1. 
advisot (ad-vTzo), n. [With orig. ad- for a-, 
< Sp. Pg. aviso = It. avviso: see advice.] 1. 
Advice ; suggestion ; information given : as, 
" counsels and advisos," Whitlock, Manners of 
English, p. 176. 2. An advice- or despatch- 
boat; an aviso. 
advisory (ad-vi'zo-ri), a. [< advise + -ory.] 
Pertaining to or giving advice ; having power 
to advise : as, their opinion is only advisory ; an 
advisory council. 
The powers of both these bodies are merely advisory. 
J. Adams, Works, IV. 36. 
The general association has a general advisory superin- 
tendence over all the ministers and churches. 
B. Trumbull, Hist. Conn. 
ad vivum (ad vi'vum). [L. : ad, to ; vivwm, ace. 
neut. of vivus, alive : see vivid.] To the life ; 
lifelike; strikingly exact or good: said of por- 
traits, etc. 
advocacy (ad' vo-ka-si), n. ; pl.t advocacies (-siz). 
[< ME. advocacye, <J OF. advocatie, advocacie, ad- 
vocassie, < ML.- advocatia, < L. advocatus, advo- 
cate: see advocate, n., and -acy.] 1. The act 
of pleading for, supporting, or recommending ; 
active espousal. 
His advocacy or denunciation of a measure is to affect 
for evil or good the condition of millions. 
Whipple, Ess. and Rev., I. 193. 
2f. A lawsuit; a plea or pleading: as, "advo- 
cacies newe," Chaucer, Troilus, ii. 1469. 
advocate (ad'vo-kat), n. [< ME. advocat, ad- 
voket, -ette, earlier avocat, avoket, in late ME. 
also clipped vacate, voket, < OF. avocat, later ad- 
vocat, F. avocat, vernacular OF. avoet, avoe, 
avoue (>E. avowee, advowee, q. v.), = Pr. avouct(t 
= Sp. abogado = Pg. advogado = It. awocato, 
< L. advocatus, an advocate, attorney, orig. a 
person called by one of the parties in a suit to 
aid as a witness or counsel, < advocatus, pp. of 
advocare, call to, < ad, to, 4- vocare, call, (vox, 
voice: see voice, vocation.] 1. One who pleads 
the cause of another in a court of law ; specif- 
ically, a lawyer of full rank in a country, or 
practising before a court, in which the civil or 
the canon law prevails, as France and Scotland, 
and the admiralty and ecclesiastical courts of 
England. 2. One who defends, vindicates, or 
espouses a cause by argument; a pleader in 
favor of any person or thing ; an upholder ; a 
defender: as, an advocate of peace or of the op- 
pressed. 
89 
That cause seems commonly the better that has the 
better advocate. .S'<> H'. Ti'mjil^, Miscellanies. 
This is the mode of the advocatf rather than of the 
critic. \\'t//jiple, Ess. and Rev., II. 13s. 
Advocate of the church (ML. advocatus^ ecclr*/ . :i 
person, usually a layman, appointed, according to a cus- 
tom originating in the fifth century, to protect the prop- 
erty of a church or an abbey, to plead its causes in the 
civil courts, and to manage its temporal affairs. Devil's 
advocate (ML. advocatiu diaboli). (a) In the Rom. Cath. 
Ch., a name commonly applied to the promoter of the 
faith, one of the college of consistorial advocates in the 
papal court, from his office of urging the objections against 
the virtues, miracles, etc., of a person proposed for canon- 
ization. Hence (b) One given to bringing forward accu- 
sations against personal character. Faculty Of Advo- 
admitted members after following a certain course of 
study, undergoing the prescribed examinations, and pay- 
ing the requisite fees. It consists of about 400 members, 
and from this body vacancies on the bench are supplied. 
God's advocate (ML. advocatus Dei), in the Rom. Cath. 
Ch., the procurator of the cause in a canonization, regu- 
larly one of the same order or country as the person 
to be canonized. See devil's advocate, above. Judge- 
advocate, a person, generally a military officer, detailed 
by tile authority appointing a court martial or military 
commission to prosecute cases before it and to act as its 
legal adviser. It is. in general, the duty of the judge-ad- 
vocate to see that the court conforms to the law and to 
military custom, to secure for the accused his rights before 
the court, to summon witnesses, and to administer oaths. 
Judge-advocate general () In the United States 
army, a start-officer with the rank of brigadier-general, 
who is also chief of the bureau of military justice, and 
whose duty it is to receive, revise, and record the proceed- 
ings of all courts martial, courts of inquiry, and military 
commissions. (6) In England, formerly, an official who 
prosecuted in all criminal cases falling under military law 
which concerned the crown ; now, a subordinate member 
of the government who acts as the legal adviser of the 
crown in all matters of military law. Lord advocate, 
in Scotland, the principal crown counsel in civil causes, the 
chief public prosecutor of crimes, and an important politi- 
cal functionary in the management of Scottish affairs. 
His tenure of office ceases with that of the administration 
with which he is connected. He is assisted in the dis- 
charge of his duties by the solicitor-general and four advo- 
cates depute, appointed by himself. The lord advocate 
has usually a seat in Parliament, and before the union 
he had ex officlo a seat in the Scots Parliament. He is 
also called crown advocate, queen's (or king's) advocate. 
advocate (ad'vo-kat), v . ; pret. and pp. advo- 
cated, ppr. advocating. [< L. advocatus, pp. of 
advocare : see advocate, n. In the sense of ' act 
as an advocate,' the verb is from the noun.] I. 
trans. If. To invoke. 
[The mercy of God] is not to be advocated upon every 
vain trifle. Bp. Andrews, Sermons, V. 634. 
2. To plead in favor of ; defend by argument 
before a tribunal ; support or vindicate. 
This is the only thing distinct and sensible which has 
been advocated. Burke, Ref. of Representation. 
The most eminent orators were engaged to advocate his 
cause. Mitford. 
3. In Scots law, formerly, to transfer from an 
inferior court to the Court of Session, as an 
action while still pending, or after judgment 
had been given, in order that the judgment 
adynamia 
advocatress (ad ' vo-ka-tres), . [< advocator, 
q. v.,4- -ess; prob. after adcoeatriee.] Afemale 
advocate ; an advocatrix or advocatess. 
advocatricet (ad'vO-ka-tris), H. [ME. advoca- 
trii-' ,<.()['. mlrocatrice, < ML. adrix-atris, aec. 
advocatricem : see advocatrix.] An advocatrix. 
Swich an advocatrice who can dyvyne 
. . . our greeves to redresse. 
Chaucer, Mother of God, 1. 40. 
The emperour reioysed to him selfe, that Cinna had 
founde such an advocatrice. 
Sir T. Kli/ut, The Governour, ii. 7. 
advocatrixt (ad'v6-ka-triks), n. [ML., fern, of 
LL. advocator, advocate: see advocator.] A 
female advocate ; an advocatress. [Rare.] 
advocatus Dei (ad-vo-ka'tus de'I). [ML.] 
Same as God's advocate (which see, under ad- 
advocatus diaboli (ad-vo-ka'tus di-ab'o-li). 
[ML.] Same as devil's advocate (which 'see, 
under advocate). 
advoket (ad-vok'), v. t. [<L. advocare, summon, 
call to: see advocate, n.] To transfer; rele- 
gate ; specifically, call to a higher court. 
Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the Pope 
to advo/ce the cause to Rome. Fuller, Ch. Hist., I. 48. 
advoutert (ad-vou'ter), H. [< late ME. advou- 
ter, advoutour, advoutre (also adrow-), earlier 
avouter, avoutere, avoutier (also avow-), < OF. 
avoutre, aoutre, earlier avoltre, avultre, later a<7- 
voultre, = Pr. avoutre, avoutro, < L. adulter, an 
adulterer: see advoutrer (with additional suf- 
fix), and the later substituted forms adulter, n., 
and adulterer.] An adulterer. 
advoutrert (ad-vou'trer), n. [< late ME. ad- 
voutrer, advouterer, advouterere (also advow-), 
earlier avoutrer, avouterer, avouterere (also 
avow-), < advouter, avouter, + -er 1 . See the 
later substituted form adulterer.] An adul- 
terer. 
advoutresst (ad-vou'tres), n. [Early mod. E. 
advoutresse, -trice, < ME. avoutres, avoutresse 
(also avow-), < OF. avoutresse, avotresse, < avou- 
tre, an adulterer (see advouter), + -esse, E. -ess. 
See the later substituted form adulteress.] An 
adulteress. 
advoutroust (ad-vou'trus), a. [< late ME. ad- 
voutrous, < advouter + -ous. See the later sub- 
stituted form adulterous.] Adulterous. 
advoutryt (ad-vou'tri), n. [Early mod. E. ad- 
voutry, -trie, -tery, advoultry, etc., < ME. avou- 
trie, avowtrie, avutry, -trie, -terye, etc., also 
avowter, < OF. avoutrie, avouterie, earlier aou- 
terie, aulterie (< L. as if "adulteria, f.), also 
avoutire, avoutere, avoltere, avultere, < L. adul- 
terium, neut., adultery, < adulter, an adulterer. 
See the later substituted form adultery.] Adul- 
tery. Also written avowtry. 
A marriage compounded between an advoutry and a 
rape. Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII. 
H. intrans. To act as an advocate ; plead. 
[Rare.] 
To advocate in my own child's behalf. 
Dawbeny, Hist. Cromwell (1659), Pref. 
I am not going to advocate for this sense of actual. 
F. Hall, False Philol., p. 75. 
advocateship (ad'vo-kat-ship), n. The office 
or duty of an advocate. 
advocatesst (ad'vo-ka-tes), . [Improp. < ad- 
vocate + -ess.] A female advocate. [Rare.] 
See advocatress. 
God hath provided us of an advocatess [in some editions, 
advocatress]. Jer. Taj/lor, Diss. from Popery, i. 8. 
advocation (ad-vo-ka'shon), re. [< L. advoca- 
tio(n-), a calling in of legal assistance, legal 
assistance, time allowed for procuring it, any 
kind of delay or adjournment, < advocare, call 
in legal assistance : see advocate, n. See also 
advowson, whicli is a doublet of advocation. 
The first sense of advocation is due to advocate, 
v.] If. The act of advocating ; a pleading for ; 
plea; apology. 
My adaocation is not now in tune. Shak., Oth., iii. 4. 
2. In Scots law, a form of process, now obso- 
lete, the object of which was to remove a cause 
from an inferior to the supreme court for re- 
view or continuance. 
advocator (ad'vo-ka-tor), n. [<LL. advocator, 
an advocate, < IJ. advocare: see advocate, n.] 
An advocate ; a supporter. 
The advocators of change in the present system of things. 
Brouiiing, Soul's Tragedy, ii. (*V. E. t>.) 
advocatory (ad'vo-ka-to-ri), a. [< ML. advo- 
vntoriiix. < LL. advocator: see above.] Of or 
pertaining to an advocate or his functions. 
L. advocatus, patron, advocate : see advocate, n., 
and advowson.] In England, one who has the 
right of advowson. So called originally as being the 
advocate, protector, or patron of an ecclesiastical office, 
house, or benefice. 
advowson (ad-vou'zn), n. [Earlymod. E. also 
advowzen, advouson, < ME. avowson, avoweson, 
avoweisoun, < AF. advouison, advoweson, advoe- 
son, OF. avoeson, < L. advocatio(n-), a calling to 
or summoning of legal assistance, hence in ML. 
the duty of defense or protection, the right of 
presentation. < advocare, call to defend : see ad- 
vocation, and cf. advowee.] If. Originally, the 
obligation to defend an ecclesiastical office or 
a religious house. See advocate of the church, 
under advocate. 2. In Eng. law, the right of 
presentation to a vacant benefice, it was origi- 
nally vested in the bishop of the diocese, but was often trans- 
ferred to the founder or patron of the church. Advowsom 
are of three kinds, presentative, collative, and donative: 
prenent-ative when the patron presents a clergyman to the 
bishop with a petition that he be instituted with the bene- 
fice ; collative when the bishop is the patron, and both pre- 
sents and institutes (or collates) the incumbent; donative 
when the sovereign, or any subject by his license, having 
founded a church, appoints its incumbent without any 
reference to the bishop. Advowsons are also appendanl, 
that is, annexed to the possession of a certain manor ; or 
in gross, that is, separated by legal conveyance from the 
ownership of the manor. 
advoyer (ad-voi'er), n. Same as avoyer. 
advt. A common contraction of advertisement. 
adwardt (ad-ward'), n. and v. A forced spell- 
ing of award. Spenser, F. Q., IV. x. 17. 
adynamia (ad-i-na'mi-a), n. [NL. (>E. adyna- 
my = F. adynamie), < Or. aiwafiia, weakness, 
< aSvvauof, weak, < a- priv., without, + irm/uf, 
power: see dynamic.] In pathol., weakness; 
