adynamia 
want of strength occasioned by disease ; a de- 
ficiency of vital power; asthenia. Also called 
(i/li/niii/ii/. 
adyuamic (ad-i-nam'ik), a. [As adynamia + 
-ic : see a- 18 and dynamic.'] 1. In pathol., of 
or pertaining to adynamia; characterized by 
or resulting from vital debility ; astheuic : as, 
aily IKI HI ic fevers; an adynamic condition; the 
adynamic sinking of typhoid fever. 2. Inphys. , 
characterized by absence of force. 
adynamy (a-din'a-mi), n. Same as adynamia. 
adytt (ad'it), n. Same as adytum. 
Behold, amidst the adyt* of our gods, . . . 
Tin- ghosts of dead men howling walk alKmt. 
Greene and Lodge, Looking Glass for Lond. and Eng. 
adytum (ad'i-tum), n. ; pi. adyta (-ta). [L., < 
Gr. diforov, an adytum, a shrine, a place not to 
be entered, neut. of ativrof, not to be entered, 
< a- priv. + <WoY, verbal adj. of 6'vecv, enter.] 
1 . In ancient worship, a sacred place which the 
worshipers might not enter, or which might be 
entered only by those who had performed cer- 
tain rites, or only by males or by females, or 
only on certain appointed days, etc. ; also, a 
secret sanctuary or shrine open only to the 
priests, or whence oracles were delivered; 
hence, in general, the most sacred or reserved 
part of any place of worship. In Greece an adytum 
was usually an inner recess or chamber in a temple, as in 
that of Hera at ^Egium ; but it might be an entire temple, 
as that of Poseidon at Mantinea, or a grove, inclosure, or 
cavern, as the sacred inclosure of Zeus on the Lyoran 
mount in Arcadia. The most famous adytum of Greece 
was the sanctuary of the Pythic oracle at Delphi. The 
Jewish holy of holies in the temple at Jerusalem may be 
considered as an adytum. The word is also applied some- 
times to the chancel of a Christian church, where the 
altar stands. 
2. Figuratively, the innermost or least accessi- 
ble part of anything ; that which is screened 
from common view ; hidden recess ; occult 
sense. 
Cooper's Adz. 
Ship-carpenter's Adz. Railroad Adz. 
adz, adze (adz), n. [Early mod. E. ads, adds, 
addes, addis, addice, < ME. ndis, adse, adese, < 
AS. adesa, an adz or 
ax, a word thought by 
some to be a corrup- 
tion of an older *c- 
wesa (= Goth, aktvisi), 
the full form of eax, 
IBX, (fcs, acas, ONorth. 
acasa, aca.ie, ax ; but in 
the earliest example 
adcsa occurs in con- 
nection with oecs as 
a different word: see 
ax 1 .] A cutting-tool 
somewhat like an ax, 
but having the blade 
placed at right angles 
to the handle and 
formed to a curve 
nearly corresponding 
to its sweep through 
the air when in use. 
It is used for dressing tim- 
South-Sea island Adzes. ber, and has its cutting edge 
ground upon the concave" 
side. The adz is also used, though rarely, as a weapon ; 
and among certain savage tribes adzes of hard stone are 
richly adorned for ceremonial uses. Hollow adz, a tool 
with a curved blade used in chamfering the chine of a cask 
on the inner side. 
adz, adze (adz), v. t. [< adz, n.] To chip or 
shape with an adz : as, to adz logs or timber. 
adz-plane (adz'plan), n. A tool adapted for 
90 
regularly as e in similar positions, that is, 
either e or e : often improp. pron. e in all posi- 
tions. In the Continental pron. of Latin, e or 
a; in the 'Roman,' ai or I.) A digraph or lig- 
ature appearing in Latin and Latinized Greek 
words. In Middle Latin and New Latin it is usually 
written and printed as a ligature, and sounded like Latin 
e, with which in Middle Latin it constantly interchanges. 
In classical Latin it was usually written separately (and 
hence usually so printed in modern editions of classical 
texts), and pronounced probably as a diphthong. In Old 
Latin ai appears instead of at 1 -, and Latin ae, '' is the regu- 
lar transliteration of Gr. at, as aegis or ceyig, from Gr. aiyi?. 
In English words of Latin or Greek origin af or a; is usually 
reduced to e, except generally in proper names, as Cossar, 
./.'/yi/x, in words belonging to Roman or Greek antiqui- 
ties, aa IT.//*, and modern words of scientific or technical 
use, as prtatnogantous. But the tendency is to reduce 
of or at to e in all words not purely Latin or New Latin, 
except proper names in their original forms. In some 
names of changed form the a has become permanently 
eliminated, as Eijypt, and in some of otherwise unchanged 
form nearly or quite so, as Etna, Ethwpia. When af rep- 
resents the diphthong OB, it should be distinguished from " 
not a diphthong, the latter being commonly marked with 
a dieresis, as in aero-, aerial, etc. 
ae 2 . A character in the Anglo-Saxon alphabet 
representing a simple vowel, having when short 
the sound of English a in glad (a), and when 
long the sound of English a in glare, dare, etc. 
(a), as commonly pronounced in the United 
States. The form is that of the late Latin ae, which had 
a sound nearly the same as simple e (see (H ). In the 
twelfth century short ce began to disappear, being repre- 
sented by o (sometimes by e), without, however, any 
appreciable change of sound. Long ce also disappeared, 
being regularly replaced by e (long) or e*, with a change 
of sound through Middle English - (that is, d in modern 
pronunciation) to modern f (that is, in modern pronun- 
ciation). Examples are : (1) short OK, whence Middle Eng- 
lish and modern English a : as, Anglo-Saxon ///''/. .*"</. 
"I. lui'i. etc., whence Middle English and modern English 
glad, sad, at, hat, etc. ; (2) longte, whence Middle EngHsh 
' or ee t modern English ee or ea : as, Anglo-Saxon seed, 
rasdan, set, etc., Middle English teed, rede, e or me, etc., 
modern English seed, read, sea, etc. Before r, long "' has 
usually retained ita Anglo-Saxon sound (at least in the 
United States): as, Anglo-Saxon err, thaer, hwaer, hcer, 
etc. , modern English ere , there, where, hair, etc. In Brit- 
ish works the vowel in these words is usually treated as a 
prolonged " short e" (as in met ), or as a slightly modified 
"long a" (as in mate). 
JE 3 . The symbol used in Lloyd's Register 
for third-class wooden and composite ships. 
This class includes vessels unfit for the conveyance of dry 
and perishable goods on short voyages, and of cargoes in 
their nature subject to sea-damage on any voyage. See 
AI, under a'. 
-88. The nominative plural termination of Latin 
and Latinized Greek words in -a (in Latinized 
Greek also -e, -as, -es) of the first declension, 
feminine, sometimes masculine. This plural ter- 
mination is sometimes retained in English, as in/on/m/ot, 
nebuloe, vertebrae, minutwe, etc., in some cases alongside 
of a regular English plural, as in /orwiw/o*, nebulas, etc. 
In the formal and technical terminations, -aceoe, -ece, ~id(f, 
-ince, in botany and zoology, -"- ends the plural names of 
orders, tribes, etc., of plants, and of families and subfami- 
lies of animals. 
JEchmophorus (ek-mof 'o-rus), n. [NL. (Cones, 
1862), < Gr. aixfio<ti6po(, one who carries a spear, 
< a'ix/*>l, a spear, + -^opof, < flpccv = E. bear 1 .} 
aegagrus 
aecidiospore (e-sid'i-6-spor), n. [< NL. ascidium 
+ Gr. ana/la, seed, spore.] A spore produced 
in the secidiostage of growth of certain para- 
sitic fungi, distinguished by or peculiar in their 
development by a process of abstraction. See 
Adz-plane and Specimen of Work. 
molding and rabbeting, used in panel-work by 
coach- and pattern-makers. 
ae (a), a. [For Sc. one, = E. a (emphatic) for 
one: see a 2 and one.} One. [Scotch.] 
83 1 . (As a character, pron. e, or, spelled out, 
a-e ; in words, E. or L., according to the E. pron. 
Western Grebe (<&chmopkorus occidtntalis). 
A genus of large, long-necked grebes of Ameri- 
ca, having the bill extremely long, slender, and 
acute, whence the name. The type is IE. occi- 
dentalis, known as the western grebe. 
aecidia, . Plural of oscidium, 2. 
aecidial (e-sid'i-al), . Relating or pertaining 
to ^Ecidium (which see). 
A monograph . . . by Von Thiimen contains an account 
of the oecidial forms attacking Conifene, and includes a 
number of species found in the United States. 
Smithsonian Rep., 1880, p. 324. 
aecidioform (e-sid'i-6-form), n. [< NL. cecidium 
+ L. forma, form.] Same as cecidiostage. 
-Scidiomycetes (e-sid'i-6-mi-se'tez), n. pi. 
[NL., < ^Ecidium + Gr. ^iyrec, pi- of ttiiaic,, a 
mushroom, fungus.] A group of minute para- 
sitic fungi, each species of which exists in at 
least two forms, usually very unlike. To this 
group belong many rusts, blights, and mildews which in- 
fest cultivated plants. 
aecidiostage (e-sid'i-6-staj), n. [< NL. cecidium 
+ E. stage.} The first of the alternations of 
development of numerous fungi of the order 
Uredinea;. See jEcidium. Also called a-cidio- 
form. 
JBcidium (e-sid'i-um), n. [NL., < Gr. aiKia, in- 
jury, + dim. -itiiov.} 1 . A genus of fungi, natural 
order I'mUiine, now believed to be only a sub- 
ordinate stage in the development of the gen- 
era Uromyces and Puccinia, 'though this has 
not been demonstrated in regard to all the re- 
puted species. 2. [. c.} pi. feeidia (e-sid'i-a). 
The cup-like organ (pseudoperidium) charac- 
teristic of the genus or form. See pseudoperi- 
dium. 
These ocidtu/n-fruits, which arise from the same myce- 
lium as the spermogonia, lie at first beneath the epidermis 
of the leaf. Sachs, Botany (trans.), p. 247. 
aedes (e'dez), n. ; pi. cedes. [L., a house, a tem- 
ple: see edify.'] 1. In Bom. antiq., any edifice, 
sacred or profane. Specifically, as distinguished from 
a temple (tetnplum), a building set apart for the cult of 
a divinity, but not solemnly consecrated by the augurs. 
Thus, the "temple " of Vesta is properly an aedes, and was 
so termed in antiquity. 
2. In Christian arch., a chapel. 
aedicula (e-dik'u-la), n. ; pi. cedicults (-le). [ML., 
dim. of L. aedes: see above.] In Rom. antiq. : 
(a) A very small house or chapel. (6) A shrine 
in the form of a small building; a recess in a 
wall for an altar or statue. 
Every division of the city had likewise its Lares compi- 
tales, now three in number, who had their own aedicula at 
the cross-roads. Encyc. Brit., XIV. 813. 
aedile, aedileship, etc. See edile, etc. 
aedcealogy (e-df-al'o-ji), . A less proper form 
of adaeology. 
aedoeology (e-de-ol'p-ji), n. [< Gr. alSoia, the 
private parts, + -Aoyia, < "kcyeiv, speak : see 
-ology.} That part of medical science which 
treats of the organs of generation ; also, a trea- 
tise on or an account of the organs of gener- 
ation. 
aedoeoptosis (e -de -op -to 'sis), n. [NL.,< Gr. 
alSoia, the private parts, + nruo-if, a falling, < 
JTITTTOV, fall.] Displacement downward of some 
part of the female genital organs, and also of 
the bladder. 
aedoeotomy (e-de-ot'6-mi), n. [< Gr. aitioia, the 
private parts, + rafty, a cutting, < rifivetv, cut.] 
Dissection of the organs of generation. 
aefauld (a'fald), a. [Sc., = E. onefold, q. v.] 
1. Honest; upright; without duplicity. 2f. 
Single; characterized by oneness: as, the ae- 
fauld Godhead. Harbour. [Scotch, and rare.] 
aefauldness (a'fald-nes), n. [< Sc. aefauld + 
-ness.} Honesty; uprightness; singleness of 
heart ; freedom from duplicity. [Scotch.] 
.S3ga (e'gii), n. [NL. (Leach, 1815), < Gr. oif 
(<uy-), goat.] A genus of isopods giving name 
to the family ^Kgidce. jE. psora, known as the salve- 
bug, is a nsh-louse found attached by its sharp claws to cod 
and halibut. See cut under salve-buff. 
^gaeonichthyinaB(e*ji-on-ik-thi-i'ne), n.pl. 
[NL., < ^Kgatonichthys + -ina.] A subfamily 
of pediculate fishes, of the family Ceratiidai. 
The mouth is of moderate size ; the cephalic spine has its 
basal element subcutaneous, procumbent, and at an acute 
or a right angle with the distal element ; the second dorsal 
spine is wanting ; the body and head are depressed ; and the 
mouth is vertical or inclined forward, the mandibular ar- 
ticulation being projected forward. The aspect of the fish 
is very singular. 
aegaeonichthyine (e'ji-on-ik'thi-in), n. A fish 
of the subfamily ^Eaceonichthyiwe. 
.(Egieonichthys (e'ji-on-ik'this), n. [NL.,< Gr. 
Atyaiuv, in myth., a name of Briareus, also the 
-K^i-aii sea, + i^fcf, a fish.] The typical genus 
of pediculate fishes of the subfamily jiSgceonich- 
But one species is known, JZ. appelli, occurring 
in the deep sea near New Zealand. 
aegagre (e-gag're), . Same as cegagrus. 
aegagri, . Plural of agagrus. 
aegagropila (e-ga-grop'i-la), n. ; pi. agagreptta 
(-le). [NL., < Gr. alyaypoc,, the wild goat (see 
a;gagrus), + L. pila, a ball (or pilus, hair).] A 
ball of hair found in the stomach of some rumi- 
nating quadrupeds, as the goat. 
aegagropile (e-gag'ro-pil), n. Same as cegagro- 
l>ila. Also contracted cegropile. 
aegagrus (e-gag'rus), n. ; pi. oegagri (-ri). [L., < 
Gr. aiyaypof, the wild goat, < aif ((}-), goat, + 
ayp6(, field, a-yptof, wild.] A wild goat, supposed 
to be the species now known to inhabit the 
