affectuously 
affectuouslyt (a-fek'tu-us-li), adv. 
ately ; zealously ; affectionately. 
St. Remigiiis prayed so affectuously. Fabyan. 
affeeblet (a-fe'bl), c. t. [Late ME. affeeble, < 
OF. ufi'lilir, titi-li/in; < a, to, + feblier, weaken, 
< fieblc, feeble: see feeble.] To enfeeble, 
affeer (a-fer'), c. t. [Early mod. E. also affear ; 
< ME. afftreii; affumt, < AF. offerer, iifirrr, OF. 
99 
Passion- affiant (a-fi'ant), n. [< OF. affiant, ppr. of affier, 
nt*.] In'lau; 
pledge one's faith : see affy and -ant 
one who makes an affidavit. [United States.] 
a f c jj et ! V', *'' e ""'''''', 
affi . c ^ e ("-^h'), [F < afflcher, OF aficlter 
afleMfr, fasten to, > ML. afficlic: see aftfc* and 
$*}, A P a P<? r of n y kmd P a , 8ted or afhxed to 
a wall > P ost ' etc "' to be read bv passers-by ; a 
affinity 
The relationship of the sense of smell to the fundamen- 
tal organic ai-timis is Iran-able, not only through its affili- 
ation upon the sense -it taste, but is traceable ilirei tly. 
//. X/ifncrr, Prin. of Psychol. 
OilOU ILUHft.Clj UllCCi 11ACU iilLC. CC JUf /. I J.. ftf. -i .,- , ,. . 1 _ / ,,^ rirT i * 
In law, to assess or settle, as an amercement or affidavit (af-i-da vit), . _ [ML he has made 
arbitrary fine. 
That the constables in every parish should collect the 
nullify djl'fred (assessed) in each parish to be delivered to 
the captain, who was bound to return any overplus unex- 
pended. StiMs, Const. Hist., 696, note. 
2. To confirm : as, "the title is affeer'd," Shak., 
Macbeth, iv. 3. 
Also spelled affere. 
affeerer, . See affeeror. 
affeering-man (a-fer'ing-man), . An affeeror. 
affeerment (a-fer'ment), n. The act of affeer- 
iug or assessing an"amercement according to 
the circumstances of the case, 
affeeror, affeerer (a-fer'or, -er), n. [Early mod. 
E. also affearer; < ME. "offerer, affurer, -our, < 
AF. *affereur, -our, OF. affeureur, aforeur, < 
ML. afforator, < afforare : see affeer.] One who 
affeers ; a person sworn to assess arbitrary fines 
to what seems a reasonable amount. 
Affenthaler (af'en-ta-ler), . [G. (sc. wein, 
wine): so called from the village Affenthal, in 
Baden.] A red wine made in Baden. It is one 
of the most esteemed of the Markgrafler wines. 
afferent (af'e-rent), a. [< L. afferen(t-)s, ppr. 
of afferre, adferre, carry to, < ad, to, + ferre, 
carrying to or toward; affiliate (a .fli' Ut)> 
[< 
oath, 3d pers. sing, perf . ind. of affidare, make 
oa tli : see affij and affiance.] A written decla- 
ration upon oath ; a statement of facts in writ- 
ing signed by the affiant, and sworn to or con- 
firmed by a declaration before a notary pub- 
lic, a magistrate, or other authorized officer. 
Affidavits are usually required when evidence is to be laid 
before a judge or court on a motion or summary applica- 
tion, as distinguished from a trial of the merits of the 
cause. The word is sometimes loosely used of an oral de- 
claration under oath. 
v. See affy. 
; v. t. [< ME. affilen, afilcn, affylen, < OF. 
afiler, later affiler, to sharpen, also to deck, mod. 
the periphery to the physiological center of the blood- 
circulation ; (6) of those lymphatic vessels which enter a 
lymphatic gland, as opposed to those which leave it ; and 
thesodic function, conveying an impulse from the periph- 
ery to a ganglionic center of the nervous system. In the 
case of nerves, afferent is nearly synonymous with sensory, 
as opposed to motor. The term is also applied to the 
function of these nerves, and to that which they convey : 
as, an afferent impulse. 
Having arrived at this notion of an impulse travelling 
along a nerve, we readily pass to the conception of a sen- 
sory nerve as a nerve which, when active, brings an im- 
pulse to a central organ, or is afferent; and of a motor 
nerve, as a nerve which carries away an impulse from the 
organ, or is efferent. It is very convenient to use these 
terms to denote the two great classes of nerves ; for . . . 
there are afferent nerves which are not sensory, while 
there may be in man, and certainly are in animals, effe- 
rent nerves which are not motor, in the sense of inducing 
muscular contraction. Huxley, Physiol., p. 289. 
affermet, v. t. Obsolete form of affirm. Chaucer. 
affettuoso (af-fet-to'-6'so), a. [It., affectionate, 
kind, tender, < L. affectuosus : see affectuous.'] 
Tender ; affecting : in music, designating a 
movement which is to be sung or played softly 
and affectingly. 
affiance (a-fi'ans), n. [< ME. affiance, afiance, 
affyance, -amice, < OF. afiance, < afier, affier, 
trust in, > ME. afien, affien : see affy and -ace.] 
1. Trust ; confidence ; reliance. 
The Christian looks to God with implicit affiance. 
Hammond. 
Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have 
Most love and most affiance. 
Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. 
2. The pledging of faith, as in contracting 
marriage ; a solemn engagement ; a marriage 
contract. 
Accord of friendes, consent of Parents sought, 
A/yaunce made, my happinesse begonne. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. iv. 21. 
3. Affinity; intimate relation ; connection. 
In defiance of his church and not in affiance, with it. 
//. James, Subs, and Shad., p. 198. 
affiance (a-fi'ans), v. t. ; pret. and pp. affianced, 
UMMOT , 1UIC1 l*(/ltC/ , LU BUW.UCUJt illU UU UCUJi, II1OU. 
F. affiler, < ML. *affilare (in deriv.), bring to an 
< L. ad, to, + filum, thread, ML. also 
; see ./He 3 .] To polish; sharpen. 
He moste preche and well affyle his tunge. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 714. 
affiliable (a-fil'i-a-bl), a. [< ML. as if *affili- 
abilis, < affiliare : see affiliate.] Capable of be- 
ing affiliated; chargeable as result or effect: 
with on or upon. 
The distribution of sediment and other geological pro- 
cesses which these marine currents effect, are ajtliable 
upon the force which the sun radiates. 
a. Spencer, First Principles, 69. 
v. ; pret. and pp. affiliated, 
.. , . ML. affiliatus, pp. of affili- 
are, adfiliare (> F. affilier), adopt as a son, < L. 
ad, to, + filius, son, filia, daughter.] I. trans. 
1. To adopt; receive into a family as a son 
or daughter ; hence, to bring into intimate as- 
sociation or close connection. 
Is the soul affiliated to God, or is it estranged and in 
rebellion? /. Taylor. 
2. In law, to fix the paternity of, as a bastard 
child: with ujton : as, the mother affiliated her 
child upon John Doe. Hence 3. To connect 
in the way of descent or derivation : with upon. 
Ethical requirements may here be to such extent affili- 
ated upon physical necessities, as to give them a partially 
scientific authority. //. Spencer, Data of Ethics, 108. 
4. To associate ; receive or establish on terms 
of fellowship. 
Men who have a voice in public affairs are at once affil- 
iated with one or other of the great parties between which 
society is divided. Lowell, Democracy. 
He [Lassalle] hoped the party of progress would affiliate 
itself with him. G. S. Hall, German Culture, p. 63. 
Austria and . . . the affiliated Governments of the Pe- 
ninsula. E. Dicey, Victor Emmanuel, p. 137. 
Affiliated societies, local societies connected with a 
central society or with one another. 
II. intrans. To associate ; consort ; be inti- 
mately united in action or interest. 
The political organization with which the blacks now 
naturally affiliate is restrained, by fear of Caucasian senti- 
ment, from giving this element the prominence it numeri- 
cally deserves. X. A. Rev., CXXXIX. 420. 
affiliation (a-fil-i-a'shon), n. [< F. affiliation, 
<ML. affiliatio(n-), adfiliatio(n-), < affiliare: see 
affiliate.'] 1. Adoption; association in the 
same family or society ; hence, consanguinity 
or kinship of feeling or character. 
There are a number of affiliations which were of at least 
equal antiquity with Adoption, and which, I suspect, 
served its object even more completely in very ancient 
times. Maine, Early Law and Custom, p. 98. 
So intense is our sense of affiliation with their nature, 
that we speak of them universally as our fathers. 
Whipple, Ess. and Rev., I. 221. 
2. Association in general ; relation ; connec- 
. , . 
ppr. affiancing. [< OF. ajiancer ; from the tion ; friendship; alliance. 
1. To betroth; bind by promise of The merry gallants of a French colonial military service 
marriage : as, to affiance a daughter ; to affiance which had grown gross by affiliation with Spanish- Ameri- 
one's self. can frontier life. G. W. Cable, Old Creole Days, p. 4. 
In me behold the Prince, 
Vuur rnllntryinati, mini ,,,->/ years ;i^u 
To the Lady Ida. Tennyson, Princess, ii. 
2. To assure by pledge or promise. [Rare.] 
Stranger ! whoe'er thou art, securely rest 
Affianced in my faith, a friendly guest. 
Pope, Odyssey, xv. 305. 
affiancer (a-fi'an-ser), M. One who affiances; 
who makes a contract of marriage between 
parties. 
The population [of the disputed territory on the western 
boundary of Afghanistan] is sparse, with few affilininms 
with the Afghans. Science, V. 359. 
3. In lair, the act of imputing or of determin- 
ing the paternity of a child, and the fixing upon 
the father the obligation to provide for its 
maintenance. Hence 4. The fathering of a 
thing upon any one; the assignment of any- 
thing to its origin ; connection by way of deri- 
vation or descent: with upon. 
, . . 
affinal (a-fi'nal), a. [< L. affinis (see aflinel) 
+ -al.] Belated by affinity ; derived from the 
game source: as, affinal tribes or products. 
[Kare.] 
affineH (a-fin'), a. and n. [< OF. affin, afin, "a 
kinsman or allie, one with whom affinity is had 
or contracted" (Cotgrave), < L. affinis, neigh- 
boring, related by marriage, one related by mar- 
riage, < ad, to, -t- finis, border, end : see finel, 
and cf. affinity.'] I. a. Related ; akin ; affined. 
II. n. A relative by marriage ; one akin. 
affine-'t (a-fin'), v. t. [< F. affiner, OF. afiner = 
Pr. Sp. afinar = It. affinare, < ML. affinare, re- 
fine, < L. ad, to, + ML./HMS (> OF. Jin, etc.), 
fine : see fine'*.] To refine. Holland. 
affined (a-find'), a. [< affinel + -ecft.'] 1. 
Joined by affinity or any close tie ; akin ; allied ; 
confederated. 
For then, the bold and coward, 
The wise and fool, the artist and unread, 
The hard anil soft, seem all affin'd and kin. 
Shak., T. and C., i. 3. 
If partially affin'd, or leagu'd in office, 
Thou dost deliver more or less than truth, 
Thou art no soldier. Shak., Othello, ii. 3. 
St. Bound or obligated by affinity or some in- 
timate relation. 
Now, sir, be judge yourself, 
Whether I in any just term am affin'd 
To love the Moor. Shak., Othello, i. 1. 
3. In 2067., joined in natural affinity ; having 
affinity ; allied homologically and morphologi- 
cally ; related in structural character. 
Birds are homologically related, or naturally allied or 
affined, according to the sum of like structural characters. 
Coues, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 68. 
affinitative (a-fin 'i-ta-tiv), a. [< L. affini- 
ta(t-)s, affinity, + -ive.] Of the nature of affin- 
ity : as, an affinitative resemblance. N. E. D. 
affinitatively (a-fin'i-ta-tiv-li),,a<fe. By means 
of affinity ; as regards affinity. 
affinition (af-i-nish'on), n. [< affinel + -ition. 
Cf. define, definition'.] The state or quality of 
being affined; mental affinity or attraction. 
[Rare.] 
affinitiye (a-fin'i-tiv), a. [{affinity + -ive. Cf. 
definitive.] Characterized by affinity; closely 
related. A T . E. D. 
affinity (a-fin'i-ti), n. ; pi. affinities (-tiz). [< ME. 
afinite, affinite, < OF. afinite, F. affinite, < L. affini- 
ta(t-)s, < affinis, neighboring, related by mar- 
riage: see affine^-, affined.'] 1. An artificial re- 
lationship between persons of different blood, 
regarded as analogous to consanguinity; the 
relation between families or individuals created 
by intermarriage (excluding that between the 
married persons), by legal adoption, or by spon- 
sorship ; more especially, the relation between 
a husband or wife and the kindred of the other 
spouse. In the Jewish, Roman, and canon laws, affinity 
by marriage or adoption is a bar to marriage within certain 
degrees, equally with consanguinity ; and on this ground 
rests the prohibition of marriage with a deceased wife's 
sister in Great Britain. The canon law treats unlawful 
sexual intercourse as creating the same affinity with mar- 
riage. The relationship of godparents and godchildren, 
called spiritual affinity, is not now considered a bar to mar- 
riage, as it was before the Council of Trent, which made 
no provision on the subject. 
Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and 
took Pharaoh's daughter. 1 Ki. iii. 1. 
2f. Intercourse ; acquaintance ; companion- 
ship. 
About forty years past, I began a happy affinity with 
William Cranmer. Burton. 
Hence 3. Anatural liking for, or attraction to, 
a person or thing ; a natural drawing or inclina- 
tion ; an inherent mutual liking or attraction. 
Some transcendent, unborn affinity, by which we are 
linked to things above the range of mere nature. 
Bvs/tnell, Nat. and the Supernat., p. 68. 
4. Inherent likeness or agreement as between 
things ; essential or specific conformity ; inti- 
mate resemblance or connection. 
The perception of real affinities between events (that is 
to say, of ideal affinities, for those only are real) enables 
the poet thus to make free with the most imposing forms 
and phenomena of the world, and to assert the predomi- 
nance of the soul. Emerson, Nature. 
5. In chem., that force by which the atoms of 
bodies of dissimilar nature unite in certain defi- 
nite proportions to form a compound different 
in its nature from any of its constituents : 
called distinctively cliemical or elective affinity. 
The word has lost its original meaning, and now signifies 
nothing more than cliemical force. See chemical. 
Affinity is neither the gases nor their product, but a 
power which renders the product possible. 
G. If. LCIKS, Probs. of Life and Mind, I. i. 25. 
