afform 
afformt (a-form'), r. t. [< OF. nfomn-r. < a- (L. 
iid, to) + former, form.] To form; model; 
cause to conform. 
afformative (a-for'ma-tiv), . [< af- (L. ad, 
to) + forinatii-e.'] In j/hilul., an affix ; a forma- 
tive addition to a word or stem. 
affranchise (a-fran'chiz or -chiz), c. t. ; pret. 
and pp. affranchised, ppr. affranchising. [< late 
ME. affranchyse, afranchise, < OF. ufranchixs-, 
F. affranchiss-, stem of certain parts of OF. 
afranchir, F. affranchir, make free, < a (L. oil), 
to, + franc, free : see/rowt and/rnnc/iisr.] To 
make free ; enfranchise. 
affranchisement (a-fran'chiz-ment), n. [< F. 
afffancltimteiueiit.'] The act of setting free, or of 
liberating from a state of dependence, servi- 
tude, or obligation ; enfranchisement. 
It is deliverance from all evil, it is supreme affranchis?- 
m ni. J. F. Clarke, Ten Great Religions, iv. 7. 
affrapt (a-frap' ), r. t. and i. [= It. affrappare, < 
af- (L. ad, to) + frappare = F. frapper, strike, 
of uncertain origin : eeefrap.} To strike ; come 
They beue ymett, both ready to a/rap. 
Spenser, V. Q., II. i. 2B. 
affray (a-fra'), v. t. [< ME. affrayen, afrayen, 
affraien, afraien (pp. affrayed, afrayed, affraied, 
afraied, >'E. afraid, q. v.), terrify, frighten, < 
OF. afrayer, affrayer, affraier, usually with 
initial e, effrayer ( > mod. F. effrayer), cffraer, 
effreer, effroier, efferer, esfrayer, esfraier, eqfreer, 
esfroier, ezfroier, etc., earlier esfreder = Pr. es- 
fredar, terrify, frighten, disturb, disquiet (the 
OF. forms in off-, and the prevailing sense of 
' terrify ' rather than ' disturb,' may be due to 
the influence of affre, afre, terror, fright, afre, 
afrou, horrible, frightful, >F. affreux, horrible, 
frightful), prob. < ML. "eifridare, disturb, dis- 
quiet, < L. ex, out of, + ML. fridus, fridmn. 
< OHG. fridu, frido (MHG. wide, G. friede), 
peace, = AS. frithu, peace : see frith 1 . To af- 
fray, then ? is to ' break the peace/] To frighten ; 
terrify ; give a shock to ; arouse ; disturb. 
Small- foules a grete hepe 
That had af raited me out of my slepe. 
Chaucer, Death af Blanche, 1. 296. 
The kettle-drum and far-heard clarionet 
Affray his ears. Keats, Eve of St. Agnes, xxix. 
affray (a-fra'), n. [< ME. affray, afray, terror, 
disturbance, brawl, < OF. affray, affrai, usually, 
with initial e, effrei, effroi, effroy, exfrai, esfrei, 
tsfroi (F. effroi) = Pr. esfrei; from the verb: 
see affray, e. ; see also frayi, a short form of 
affray.'] If. Fear; terror. 
Some maner afray. Chaucer, Man of Law's Tale, 1. 1039. 
Full of ghastly fright, and cold affray. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. iii. 12. 
2f. Disturbance involving terror. 
Atte laste he made a foul affray. 
Chaucer, Monk's Tale, 1. 93. 
3. A public fight; a noisy quarrel; a brawl; a 
tumult ; disturbance. Specifically, in law, the fight- 
ing of two or more persons in a public place to the terror of 
others. It usually implies a casual meeting, not by previous 
agreement to fight. (A private quarrel is not in a legal 
sense an affray. J = Syn. 3. Broil, Scuffle, etc. See quarrel, n. 
affrayer (a-fra er), . One who raises or is 
engaged in affrays or riots ; a disturber of the 
peace. [Rare.] 
Felons, night-walkers, a/rayer*. 
M. Dalton, Country Justice (1620). 
affraymentt (a-fra'ment), . [< OF. affraiement, 
affraiment (>ML. affraimentum), < affraier: see 
affray, .] Same as affray. 
affreight (a-fraf ), v. t. [< F. affreter, < a- +f re- 
fer, freight, charter: see freight.] To hire, as a 
ship, for the transportation of goods or freight. 
Craig. [Rare.] 
affreighter (a-fra'ter), n. The person who 
hires or charters a ship or other vessel to con- 
vey goods. Craig. 
affreightment (a-frat'ment), n. [< affreight + 
-ment, after F. affretement.'} 1. The act of hir- 
ing a ship for the transportation of goods. 2. 
The freight carried by a ship. 
affrendedt, a. See affriended. 
affrett (a-fref ), n. [< It. affrettare, hasten, 
hurry (cf . affretto, hurried, affrettamento, haste, 
precipitation, fretta, haste, hurry), < frettare, 
sweep, prop, rub, < LL. *frictare, < L. frictus, 
pp. of fricare. rub : see fret 1 , .] A furious 
onset or attack. 
With the terrour of their fierce affret 
They rudely drove to ground both man and horse. 
Spenser, F. Q., III. ix. 16. 
affrictiont (a-frik'shon), n. [< L. as if *affric- 
tto(w-) ; cf. affricatio'(n-), < affricare, rub on or 
against, < ad, to, + fricare, rub, > E. friction.'} 
The act of rubbing ; friction. Boyle. 
102 
affriendedt, affrendedt (a-fren'ded), a. [< af- 
(L. ail) + friend, .formerly spelled frend.} Made 
friends; reconciled. 
Shu saw that cruell war so ended, 
And deadly foes so faithfully /;.. n,l.,l. 
Spenser, V. Q., IV. iii. 50. 
affright (a-frif), v. t. [Spelled aff-, as if of L. 
origin, but prop, with one /; < ME. afrighten, 
afrigten (pp. afrighl, afrift), < AS. afyrlitau, 
terrify, < a- + fi/rlitnn, terrify, < forht, fearful: 
see a- 1 and frit/lit. Not connected with afraid 
or a f card.} To impress with sudden fear; 
frighten ; terrify or alarm. [Archaic.] 
Thrice did her trembling feet for flight prepare, 
And thrice af righted did her flight forbear. 
Dryden, Ovid's Art of Love, 1. 620. 
Not to a/right your tender soul with horror, 
We may descend to tales of peace and love. 
Ford, Lady's Trial, il. 1. 
= Syn. To scare, alarm, dismay, appal, daunt, intimidate, 
.startle, shock, overawe. 
affrigntt. Past participle of affright. Chaucer. 
affright (a-frif), 1. Sudden or great fear; 
terror; fright. 
We have heard of these midnight scenes of desolation, 
. . . the ominous din of the alarm-bell, striking with of- 
fri'ilit on the broken visions of the sleepers. 
Everett, Orations, I. 116. 
2f. The cause of terror ; a frightful object. 
The gods upbraid our suffrings . . . 
By sending these a/right*. B. Jansan, Catiline. 
affrightedly (a-fri'ted-li), adv. In an affrighted 
manner ; witli fright. 
affrighten (a-fri'tn), r. t. [< affright + -enl, af- 
ter frighten.*] To terrify; frighten. 
affrighter (a-fri'ter), n. One who frightens. 
affrightful"(a-frit'ful), a. [< affright, n.. + 
-/''.] Terrifying; terrible; frightful: as, "af- 
f rightful accidents," Up. Hall, Sermons, xxxiii. 
affrightment (a-frit'ment), n. [< affright + 
-ment.} If. Tne act of frightening. 
Since your affrightment could not make her open Iher 
purse] unto you, you thought to make her innocency 
smart for it. R. Broinf, Northern Lass. 
2. The state of being frightened; fright. 
With as much affrightment as it an enemy were near. 
Jer. Taylor, Sermons, II. iii. 
With much terror and affrighlment they turned the ship 
about, expecting every moment to be dashed in pieces 
against the rocks. 
E. Johmon, Wonderworking Providence (1654). 
affront (a-frunf), . t. [< ME. afronten, afroun- 
ten, < OF. afronter, afrunter, later and mod. F. 
affronter = Pr. Sp. afrontar = Pg. affrontar = 
It. affrontare, confront, oppose face to face, at- 
tack, < ML. affrontare, adfrontare, border on, as 
land, confront, attack, < L. ad frontem, to the 
face, in front: ad, to; frontem, ace. of frorts, 
forehead, front ; cf. L. afronte, before, in front: 
a for ab, from; fronte, abl. of /row*, forehead, 
front. Cf. afront, prep. phr. as adr.] 1. To 
meet or encounter face to face ; confront ; 
front ; face. 
That he, as 't were by accident, may here 
Affront Ophelia. Shale., Hamlet, iii. 1. 
Earnestly for her he raised 
His voice in council, and affronted death 
In battle-field. Bryant, Knight's Epitaph. 
2. To offend by an open manifestation of dis- 
respect ; put a slight upon ; offend by effront- 
ery or insolence : as, to affront one by doubt- 
ing his word; an affronting speech. 
Only our foe, 
Tempting, affronts us with his foul esteem 
Of our integrity. Milton, P. L., ix. 328. 
Let me tell you, Mr. Dangle, 'tis damn'd affronting in 
you to suppose that I am hurt, when I tell you I am not. 
Sheridan, The Critic, i. 1. 
3. To put out of countenance ; make ashamed 
or confused ; give a shock to. 
Without affronting their modesty. 
Cave, Prim. Christianity, ii. 33. (N. E. D.) 
affront (a-frunf), . [=F. affront = It. af- 
fronto; from the verb.] If. Tne act of oppos- 
ing face to face ; open defiance ; encounter. 
This day thou shall have ingots ; and, to-morrow, give 
lords th' affront. B. Jonsen, Alchemist, ii. 2. 
I walk'd about, admired of all, and dreaded 
On hostile ground, none daring my affront. 
Milton, S. A., 1. 531. 
2. A personally offensive act or word; an in- 
tentional or supercilious slight ; an open mani- 
festation of disrespect or contumely ; an insult 
to the face. 
Oft have they violated 
The temple, oft the law, with foul affrmitx. 
Milton, P. R., iii. 161. 
Men of my condition may be as incapable of affronts, as 
hopeless of their reparations. 
Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, Pref. 
An affront to our understanding. 
ii. Spectator, No. 512. 
3f. Shame ; disgrace ; anything producing a 
feeling of shame or disgrace,. 
Antonius . . . was defeated, upon the sense of which 
affront he died of grief. Arbuthnot, Anc. Coins. 
-Syn. 2. Affront, Itwult, Indignity, Otitftnfe, provoca- 
tion, impertinence, offense, rudeness. These words c.\- 
pivss disrespect shown in a way that is, or is meant to be, 
galling. An affront is generally upi'ii ;iml to tin- trice. An 
in.-iiilt is stronger, perhaps accompanied by more insolence 
of manner ; it is a deeper disgrace and a greater injury to 
the feelings of its object. An imiii/nitii is, ipecmcallj, 
treatment that is unworthy an affront, insult, injury, or 
outrage from which one's condition or character should 
have saved one : as, Zenobia was subjected to the iniliti- 
nity of being led in chains at Aurelian's triumph. An 
initraye, primarily involving the idea of violence to the 
person, is a wanton transgression of law or propriety in 
any way, the perpetration of that which is shamefully 
contrary to the dictates of huirfauity or even decency; 
toward a person it is a combination of insult with indig- 
nity; hence it often stands for extreme abusiveness of 
language. It has freedom of use sufficient to make proper 
such expressions as, an outrage to his feelings, an outrage 
to all decency. 
To call God to witness truth, or a lie perhaps ; or to 
appeal to him on every trivial occasion, in common dis- 
course, ... is one of the highest indignities and affronts 
that can be offered him. /;.///. 
I will avenge this insult, noble Queen, 
Done in your maiden's person to yourself. 
Tennyson, Oeraint. 
The enmity and discord, which of late 
Sprung from the rancorous outrage of your duke 
To merchants. * Shak., C. of E., i. 1. 
affronte (a-fron-ta'), a. [F., pp. of affronter: 
see affront, v.} 1. In art, facing each other; 
front to front : said of two figures. This was a 
frequent mode of representing animal and 
other figures in Oriental and early Qreek 
art, as, for example, in Assyrian and Hittite 
sculptures, the so-called lions of Mycenee, and 
the sphinxes of the temple epistyle of Assos. 
2. Specifically, in her., applied to an- 
imals represented (a) front to front, 
or aspectant : opposed to adorsed ; 
(b) facing the spectator directly, as 
the lion in the royal crest of Scotland, not with 
merely the head turned outward. See gardant 
and cut under crest. 
Equivalent forms are affrontee (feminine) 
and confront^. 
Tetes affrontees, or affronte heads, in decorative art, 
profile heads in relief shown facing each other, as often in 
cameos, etc., but rarely on coins. 
affrontedly (a-frun'ted-li), adv. In a manner 
to affront ; with effrontery. Bacon. 
affrontee (a-frun-te'), n. [< affront + -eel.] 
One who receives an affront. N. E. D. 
affronter (a-frun'ter), n. 1. One who affronts 
or insults another openly and of set purpose. 
2f. A deceiver or pretender. 
Must I, because you say so, 
Believe that this most miserable king is 
A false affronter* 
Hassinger, Believe as you List, UL 3. 
affrontingly (a-frun'ting-li), adv. In an af- 
fronting manner. 
affrontive (a-frun'tiy), a. [< affront + -ive.] 
Giving offense ; tending to offend ; abusive. 
How much more affrontiee it is to despise mercy. 
South, Sermon on the Restoration. 
Will not this measure be regarded as affrontive to the 
pride ... of portions of the people of America? 
R. Choate, Addresses, p. 348. 
affuse (a-fuz'), v. t. [<L. affusus, pp. of affun- 
dere, adfundere, pour upon, < ad, to, + funaere, 
pour: see/*el.] To pour. [Rare.] 
I nrst affuted water upon the compressed beans. 
lioijle, Works, IV. 668. 
affusion (a-fu'zhon), n. [< ML. affusio(n-), < L. 
affundere, pour upon: see affune.] 1. The act 
of pouring upon ; the act of pouring water or 
other liquid, as upon a child in baptism. 
When the Jews baptized their children, in order to cir- 
cumcision, it seems to have been indifferent whether it 
was done by immersion or affurion. 
Wheatly, 111. of Book of Com. Prayer, p. 362. 
2. In nted., the act of pouring water on the 
body as a curative means, as from a vessel, by 
shower-bath, etc. 
When I travell'd in Italy, and the Southern parte, I did 
sometimes frequent the publiq bathes, . . . but seldome 
without peril of my life 'till I us'd this frigid affujtion, or 
rather profusion of cold water before I put on my gar- 
ments. Evelyn, To Doctor Beale. 
Some of these [remedies] are affvnon, half-baths, . . . 
fomentations, injections, wrapping up in the wet sheet. 
Kucyc. Brit., III. 439. 
affyt (a-fi'), v. [< ME. affyen, affien, afyen, < OF. 
ajier, later and mod. F. after, < ML. affidare, 
trust, pledge, make oath, < L. ad, to, + ML. 
fidare, trust, < L. fidus, faithful, < fides, faith : 
see faith, fidelity. Deriv. affiance and affidaril. 
q. v.] I. trait*. 1. To trust, confide (a thing 
to a person ) ; reflexively, to confide one's self. 
2. To confide in; trust. 3. To affirm on one's 
