Africander 
Africander (af ri-kan-der). n. [< African + 
-d-er.] A native of Cape Colony or the neigh- 
boring regions of Africa born of white parents ; 
a descendant of European settlers in southern 
Africa. 
The young Afrifuurl'-r picks up his language from the 
half-caste Dutch, and the descendants of Malay slaves and 
Hottentot servants. 
It. X. Cuit, Mod. Lang, of Africa, p. 44. 
Africanism (af ri-kaii-izm), n. [< African + 
-ism.] 1. An African provincialism; a pecu- 
liarity of Latin diction characteristic of some 
of the African fathers of the church. 
He that cannot understand the sober, plain, and unaf- 
fected style of the Scriptures, will be ten times more puz- 
zled with the knotty Africanisms, the pampered metaphors, 
the intricate and involved sentences of the fathers. 
Milton, Reformation in Eng., i. 
2. A mode or peculiarity of speech of the Af- 
rican race in America. 
He dropped the West Indian softness that had crept into 
his pronunciation, and the Africanisms of his black nurse. 
Q. W. Cable, Creoles of Louisiana, p. 260. 
Africanization (af'ri-kan-i-za'shon), n. The 
act of making African in character, or of pla- 
cing under negro domination. 
Africanize (af ri-kan-Iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
Africanized, ppr. Africanizing. [< African + 
4ze.~\ 1. To give an African character to. 2. 
To place under negro domination. 
But the whites have race instincts, and when the Afri- 
canizing and ruin of the South becomes a clearly seen 
danger, they will be a unit, the country over, for the rem- 
edy. A'. A. Rev., CXXXIX. 429. 
afrit, afrite (af-rit', af-rit'), . [<Ar. 'ifrit, a 
demon.] In Arabian myth., a powerful evil de- 
mon or monster. Also written afreet. 
Be he genie or afrite, caliph or merchant of Bassora, 
into whose hands we had fallen, we resolved to let the 
adventure take its course. 
B. Taylor, Lands of the Saracen, p. 197. 
We first behold the feet, 
Then the huge, grasping hands ; at last the frown 
On what should be the face of this Afreet. 
R. II. Stoddard, Quests of the State. 
Afrogaean (af-ro-je'an), a. [< L. Afer, Afri- 
can, + Gr. yala, yij, earth, land.] In zoogeog., 
African or Ethiopian. Applied by Gill to a prime 
realm or zoological division of the earth's land-surface, 
including Africa south of the desert of Sahara, with Mada- 
gascar, the Mascarenes, and perliaps the Arabian penin- 
sula. 
a froid (a frwo'). [F. : a, to, with, < L. ad, to; 
froid, <lj. frigid us, cold: see frigid.'] Inceram., 
applied without heat ; not baked or fired. Said 
of decoration applied to pottery, glass, or the like, by or- 
dinary painting or gilding, and which therefore can be 
scraped or washed away. 
afront (a-frunf), prep. phr. as adr. and prep. 
[< 3 + front. Cf. affront.] I. adr. Face to 
face ; in front ; abreast. 
These four came all a-front and mainly thrust at me. 
Shale., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 4. 
H.t prep. In front of : as, afront the foe. 
aft 1 (aft), a. and adv. [< ME. "aft. "afte, "afteti, 
< AS. asftan, behind, in the rearj < Goth, aftana, 
from behind, < afta, behind, back ; forms de- 
veloped from the comparative, AS. aifter = 
Goth, aftra : see after, and cf. Icel. aptr (pro- 
nounced and formerly spelled aftr), back, back- 
ward, aft.] Naut., in, near, or toward the stern 
of a ship : as, the aft part of the ship ; haul aft 
the mam-sheet, that is, further toward the 
stern. Flat aft, hauled aft as far as possible : said of a 
fore-and-aft sail. Fore and aft, lengthwise or through- 
out the whole length of a ship. Fore-and-aft sail. See 
fore-and-aft. Right aft, in a direct line with the stern. 
aft 2 , aften (aft, af n), adv. Oft; often. [Scotch.] 
aftaba (af ta-ba), n. [Pers. dftdba, a ewer.] A 
vessel for water, Jike an aiguiere with handle 
and long spout, made in 
Persia and northern India, 
commonly of metal, and 
decorated with enamels or 
damascening. It is used with 
a basin having a perforated lid 
for washing the hands before 
and after eating. Sometimes 
written aftabeh. 
\ aftcastle (aft'kas-1), n. [< 
aft + castle. Cf. forecas- 
tle.] Hart., an elevation 
formerly placed on the 
after part of ships of war, 
to aid in fighting. 
of copper with after (after), am;., prep., 
disks of white and blue en- -tiul/viuj fYT* Afie-r ai\v 
-tiu/viu fYT* Afie-r ai\v 
amel; Persian, i8th century. . 1(1) AJler, adv., 
< ME. after, after, efter, 
etc., < AS. after, adv., after, afterward, back, 
= OS. of tar, after = OFries. efter = D. achter 
= Icel. aptr, aftr = Dan. Sw. efter = OHG. a/- 
tor, after = Goth, aftra, after, again, backward, 
104 
etc., = Gr. airurepu, further off, = OPers. a/ia- 
taram, further; all adverbs, compar. forms, < 
af-, up- (= Goth. af= AS. and E. of, prep., q. 
v.), off, + compar. suffix -tor, -tar ; hence af- 
ter orig. meant ' more off, further off.' (2) After, 
prep., < ME. after, after, etc., < AS. aifter, prep., 
after, behind, along, = OS. aftar. after = OFries. 
efter = D. achter = Icel. eptir, eftir = Dan. Sw. 
efter = OHG. aftur, aftir, prep. ; all from the 1 
adverb. (3) After, conj., is an elliptical use of 
the prep.] I. adv. 1. Behind; in the rear: as, 
to follow after. 2. Later in time ; afterward : 
as, it was about the space of three hours after. 
First, let her show her face ; and, after, speak. 
Shak., M. forM., v. 1. 
II. prep. 1. Behind in place : as, men placed 
in a line one after another. 
Many of the warriors, roused by his [Hamet's] words 
and his example, spurred resolutely "./// his banner. 
Irving, Granada, p. 206. 
2. Later in time than ; in succession to ; at the 
close of : as, after supper. 
After life's fitful fever he sleeps well. 
Shot., Macbeth, iii. >. 
For life is sweet, but after life is death. 
Swinburne, Ballad of Burdens. 
3. In pursuit of ; in search of ; with or in de- 
sire for. 
After whom is the king of Israel come out? 
1 Sam. xxiv. 14. 
As the hart panteth "/(/ the water-brooks, so panteth 
my soul after thee, O God. PB. xlii. I. 
That [habit of mind] which chooses success for its aim 
and covets after popularity. 
Gladstone, Might of Right, p. 20. 
4. In imitation of, or in imitation of the style 
of : as, to make a thing after a model ; after the 
French ; after the antique ; after Raphael. 
He gave his only son the name of Orlando, after the 
celebrated hero of Roncesvalles. 
Preicott, Ferd. and Isa,, ii. 1. 
5. According to; in proportion to; in accor- 
dance with: as, "after their intrinsic value," 
Bacon, War with Spain. 
Lord, deal not .with us after our sins. . . . Neither 
reward us after our iniquities. Common Prayer. 
6. According to the nature of; in agreement 
or unison with ; in conformity to. 
For if ye live after the flesh, ye shall die. Rom. viii. 13. 
Mr. Partridge has been lately pleased to treat me after 
a very rough manner. Sirift, Bickerstatf Papers. 
The captive king readily submitted to these stipulations, 
and swore, after the manner of his faith, to observe them 
with exactitude. Irving, Granada, p. 144. 
7. Below in rank or excellence ; next to : as, 
Milton is usually placed after Shakspere among 
English poets. 8. Concerning: as, to inquire 
after a person. 
Thus much may give us light after what sort Bookes 
were prohibited among the Greeks. 
Milton, Areopagitica, p. 8. 
1 told him you had sent me to inquire after his health, 
and to know if he was at leisure to see you. 
Sheridan, The Rivals, ii. 1. 
9. Subsequent to and in consequence of : as, 
after what has happened I can never return. 
Tp look or see after, to attend to ; take care of : as, he 
hired a boy to look after the furnace. 
HI. conj. Subsequent to the time that, 
After I am risen again, I will go before yon into Galilee. 
Mat. xxvi. 32. 
= 8yn. Behind, After. See behind. 
after (af'tto), a. [< ME. after, after, etc., adj., 
merged with after, adv., in loose comp. like af- 
ter-past, etc. ; < AS. atftera, fern, and neut. a'f- 
tere, adj., < (efter, adv. and prep.] 1. Later in 
time ; subsequent ; succeeding : as, an after 
period' of life. [After in composition may be either 
the adjective in loose combination, where the hyphen is 
optional : as, an after period, after-ages ; or the adverb, 
qualifying a verbal fonn, or depending logically on a verb 
implied : as, after-past, the aftercome, aftenimulh. The 
loose combinations are very numerous ; only a few are 
here given.] 
So smile the Heavens upon this holy act 
That a/(er-hours with sorrow chide us not ! 
Shak., R. and J., ii. 6. 
To after-age thou shalt be writ the man, 
That with smooth air couldst humour best our tongue. 
Milton, Sonnets, viii. 
Wheresoever I am sung or told 
In after-time, this also shall be known. 
Tennyson, Morte d'Arthur. 
2. Naut. : (a) Further aft, or toward the stern 
of the ship : as, the after-ssdls ; the n/ter-hatch- 
way. (6) Pertaining to the after-body of a 
ship: as. after-timbers.- After-cabin, after-peak, 
after-sail, after-yard. See the respective nouns. 
afterbirth (after-berth), n. 1. That which is 
expelled from the uterus after the birth of a 
child. It includes the placenta, part of the 
umbilical cord, and the membranes of the 
ovum. Also called set-undines. 2. Aposthu- 
afterings 
mous birth ; a birth occurring after the father's 
last will, or after his death : used as a transla- 
tion of aanatio in Roman law. 
after-body (af 'ter-bod'i), n. ; pi. iiftir-boditv 
(-iz). That part of a ship's hull which is abaft 
the midships or dead-flat. 
afterbrain (after-bran), n. That part of the 
brain which lies behind the hind brain ; the last 
encephalic segment, following the hind brain ; 
the medulla oblongata as far as the pons Varo- 
lii : called iiii-ti'iiccplialon by Wilder and Gage, 
and myelencephalon by Huxley and others. See 
these words. 
afterburthent (af'ter-ber'THn), . The af- 
terbirth. Also written afterburden. 
afterclap (after -klap), n. . [< ME. afterclap, 
afterclappe, < after + clappe : see clap 1 .] An 
unexpected subsequent event; something hap- 
pening after an affair is supposed to be at an 
end. 
Those dreadful aj'terclap*. South, Sermons, VI. 227. 
To spare a little for an afterclap 
Were not improvidence. 
Masinger, The Renegado, i. 3. 
aftercome (af ter-kum), . What comes after; 
consequence. [Scotch.] 
And how are you to stand the aftercome? 
Hofft/, Brownie o' Bodsbeck, ii. 9. 
aftercrop (af ter-krop), n. A second crop in 
the same year. 
after-damp (after-damp), . The irrespirable 
gas left in a coal-mine after an explosion of 
fire-damp (which see). It consists chiefly of 
carbonic-acid gas and nitrogen, 
after-egg (af ter-eg), M. Same as metovum. 
after-eyet (af-ter-i'), v. t. To keep in view. 
Thou shouldst have made him 
As little as a crow, or less, ere left 
To after-eye him. Shak., Cymbeline, i. 4. 
afterfeed (after-fed), n. Grass that grows after 
the first crop has been mown, and is fed off in- 
stead of being cut as aftermath. 
after-game (after-gam), n. A second game 
played in order to reverse or improve the issues 
of the first ; hence, the methods taken after the 
first turn of affairs After-game at Irish, an old 
game resembling backgammon. ..V. E. D. 
after-gland (after-gland), n. In mech., a piece 
which grasps a part of any mechanism and 
transmits force to it. 
afterglow (af'ter-glo), n. 1. The glow fre- 
quently seen in the sky after sunset. 
The after-ylou' of the evening suffused the front of the 
chapel with a warm light. 
C. W. Stoddard, South-Sea Idyls, p. 239. 
Frequently in the month of November my attention had 
been called to the intense coloring of the sky, and brilliant 
red afterglow, slowly fading away, and lasting long after 
the sun had set. Science, III. 121. 
2. A second or secondary glow, as in heated 
metal before it ceases to be incandescent. 
aftergrass (af ter-gras), n. A second growth 
of grass in a mown field, or grass growing 
among the stubble after harvest. 
aftergrowth (af ter-groth), n. A second growth 
or crop springing up after a previous one has 
been removed; hence, any development natu- 
rally arising after any change, social or moral. 
The after-orotcthn which would have to be torn up or 
broken through. J. S. Hill, Pol. Econ., II. ii. 2. 
afterguard (af t6r-gard), n. In men-of-war, 
that division of the crew which is stationed on 
the quarter-deck to work the after-sails, etc., 
generally composed of ordinary seamen and 
landsmen who are not required to go aloft; 
hence, a drudge; one occupying an inferior 
position. 
While in the steerage, however useful and active you 
may be, you are but a mongrel, a sort of afterguard and 
"ship's cousin." R. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 57. 
afterhlnd (after-hind), adv. [< after + hind, 
as in behind.] Afterward. Also written after- 
liin, afterliint. [Scotch.] 
after-hold (after-hold), n. Naut., that portion 
of the hold of a ship which lies between the 
mainmast and the stern. 
The Glasgow was in flames, the steward having set fire to 
her while stealing rum out of the after-hold. 
Southey, Life of Nelson, I. 28. 
after-hood (after-hud), n. Naut.. that portion 
of the after end of a vessel's bottom plank which 
is fastened to the stern-post. 
after-image (Wter-im'aj). . An image per- 
ceived after withdrawing the eye from a bril- 
liantly illuminated object, such images are called 
positive when their colors are the same as those of the 
object, and negative when they are its complementary 
colors. 
afteringS (af ter-iugz), . pi. [< after + -inij-x.] 
1 . The last milk drawn in milking ; strippiiigs. 
