alkaligen 
alkaligent (al'ka-li-jen), H. [< alkali + -gen; 
= F. alcaligf-iie.']' The name first proposed for 
nitrogen, as being a chief constituent of am- 
monia or volatile alkali. 3 T . E. V. 
alkaligenOUS (al-ka-lij'e-nus), a. [< alkali + 
-genous: seo -genous."} Producing or generating 
alkali. 
alkali-grass (al'ka-li-gras), w. A name given 
to several species of grass growing in alkaline 
localities in the western portions of the United 
States, especially to Distichlis maritima. 
alkalimeter (al-ka-lim'e-ter), . [< alkali + 
Gr. fierpov, measure.] An instrument used for 
ascertaining the strength of alkalis, or the 
quantity of alkali in caustic potash and soda. 
This i3 dune by determining what quantity of dilute sul- 
phuric acM of a known strength can be neutralized by a 
given weight of the alkali or of caustic potash or soda. 
Sometimes spelled alcalimeter. 
There are several . . . forms of alkalimeter, but which- 
ever of them is employed the process is the same. 
Ure, Diet., I. 74. 
alkalimetrlc (al"ka-li-met'rik), a. [< alkali + 
Gr. [tcTptKtif. Cf. alkalimeter.} Relating to al- 
kalimetry. Sometimes spelled alcalimetric. 
alkalimetrical (al"ka-li-met'ri-kal), a. Same 
as alkalimetric. 
It is advisable, where alkalimetrical assays have fre- 
quently to be made, to keep a stock of test acid. 
Ure, Diet., I. 75. 
alkalimetrically (al"ka-li-met'ri-kal-i), adv. 
As in alkalimetry ; by means of an alkalimeter. 
Sometimes spelled alcalimetrically. 
The lime in this process is estimated alkalintetruxilly by 
means of an acid. Ure, Diet., III. 927. 
alkalimetry (al-ka-lim'e-tri), . [As alkalimeter 
+ -y.] The process of determining the strength 
of an alkaline mixture or liquid. This may be 
done by volumetric analysis, that is, by estimating the 
amount of a standard acid solution which the alkaline 
mixture will saturate ; or by gravimetric analysis, that is, 
by decomposing the substance and finding the weight of 
the alkali contained in it. Sometimes spelled alcalimetry. 
The principle on which alkalimetry is based consists in 
determining the amount of acid which a known weight of 
alkali can saturate or neutralise. Ure, Diet., I. 74. 
alkalimide. n. See alkalamide. 
alkaline (ar ka-lin or -lin), a. [< alkali + -feel ; 
= F. alcalin."} " Pertaining to alkali ; having the 
properties of an alkali Alkaline development, 
in photoff., the development of an exposed plate by a bath 
compounded with an alkali, such as ammonia, sodium or 
potassium carbonate, or the like. See development. M- 
kaline earths, lime, magnesia, baryta, and strontia. See 
alkali. 
alkalinity (al-ka-lin'i-ti), n. [(.alkaline + -ity.} 
The state of being alkaline ; the quality which 
constitutes an alkali. 
alkalinize (al'ka-lin-iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. al- 
kalinized, ppr. alkalinizing. [< alkaline + -ize.} 
To render alkaline. N. E. D. 
alkalious (al-ka'li-us), a. [< alkali + -ows.] 
Having the properties of an alkali. Formerly 
spelled alcalious. [Bare.] 
alkalisable, alkalisate, etc. See alkalizable, 
etc. 
alkali-stiff (al'ka-li-stif), . A stiffening 
matter much used in the manufacture of infe- 
rior hats. It is marie of 9 pounds of shellac, dissolved 
with 18 ounces of sal soda in 3 gallons of water. J. Thorn- 
ton, Hats and Felting. 
alkalizable (al'ka-li-za-bl), a. [< alkalize + 
-able.] Capable of being alkalized. Sometimes 
spelled alcalizable, alkalisable. 
alkalizate (al'ka-li-zat), v. I. ; pret. and pp. nl- 
kalizated, ppr. atkalizating. [< alkalize + -ate 2 .] 
To make alkaline. See alkalize. Also spelled 
alcalizate, alkalisate. 
alkalization (al"ka-li-za'shon), n. [< alkali- 
zate."} The act or process of rendering alkaline 
by impregnating with an alkali. Also spelled 
alcalization, alkalisation. 
alkalize (al'ka-liz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. alka- 
lized, ppr. alkalizing. [< alkali + -ize.~\ To 
change into an alkali ; communicate the prop- 
erties of an alkali to; alkalify. Also spelled 
alkalisc. 
alkaloid (al'ka-loid), . and a. [< alkali + 
-oid."} I. n. A' body resembling an alkali in 
properties ; one of a class of nitrogenous com- 
pounds which occur in plants in combination 
with organic acids, and are sometimes called 
the organic bases of plants, as morphine, nico- 
tine, quinine, etc. They are intensely bitter, turn 
reddened litmus blue, are slightly soluble in water but 
iv:ulily soluble in alcohol, and have active medicinal or 
poisonous properties. Compounds having the general re- 
actions and properties of alkaloids (ptomains) are found 
in decaying animal matters, being products of the decom- 
position of the tissues. 
II. a. Eelating to or containing alkali. 
143 
alkaloidal (al-ka-loi'dal), a. [< alkaloid + -n/.] 
Pertaining to the alkaloids; having the nature 
of an alkaloid. 
alkanet (al'ka-net), . [< ME. allcanet, < Sp. al- 
canela (early mod. E. also orcaiiet, orkanct, nr- 
chaiiet, < OF. orcanette, orchanettc, mod. F. or- 
cancte, < Sp. orcaneta, var. of alcaneta), dim. of 
alcana, alcana, henna: see alcanna and henna.} 
1. The root of a boraginaceous herb, Alkanna 
(Anchusa) tinctoria, yielding a red dye, for which 
the plant is cultivated in central and southern 
Europe. It is used in dyeing, staining wood, coloring 
adulterated wines, and in pharmacy to give a red color to 
salves, etc. It produces brilliant violet and gray colors 
with alum and iron mordants on linen, cotton, and silk, 
but not on wool. 
2. The plant which yields the dye, Alkanna 
tinctoria. Also called orcanet and Spanish bit- 
gloss. 3. A name of similar plants of other 
genera. The common alkanet of England is Aiichwta 
ojficinalin ; the evergreen alkanet, A. gempervirens ; the 
bastard alkanet, Lithospermum arvense, and in America 
L. canesceiut. 
Alkanna (al -kan ' a), n. [See alkanet.'} A bo- 
raginaceous genus of perennial herbs, of about 
40 species, natives of the Mediterranean region. 
It is distinguished from Anchusa (in which genus it was 
formerly included) mainly by the absence of appendages 
from the throat of the corolla. The principal species is 
A. tinctoria. See alkanet. 
alkarsin, alkarsine (al-kar'sin), n. [< alc(o- 
liol) + ars(enic) + -in 2 : so called because it was 
at first considered to be an alcohol in which oxy- 
gen was replaced by arsenic. ] A heavy, brown, 
fuming, and extremely poisonous liquid con- 
taining cacodyl and its oxidation products: 
formerly known as Cadet's fuming liquid, it Is 
characterized by an insufferable smell and by spontaneous 
ignition on exposure to the air. It has been proposed to 
use it in warfare to charge shells, whose explosion would 
set a ship on fire and destroy the crew by the poisonous 
vapor. Also spelled alcarsin. 
alkekengi (al-ke-ken'ji), n. [Early mod. E. 
also alkagengi, etc., < ME. alkekengy ; = F. al- 
kekenge = It. alcachengi = Sp. alquequcnje = Pg. 
alqucquenge, < ML. alkekengi, < Ar. al-kdkanj, al- 
kdkenj, < al, the, -t- Pers. kakanj, a kind of resin 
from a tree growing in the mountains of Herat 
in Afghanistan.] The winter-cherry, a solana- 
ceous plant, Physalis Alkekengi. The scarlet fruit, 
inclosed in a large red calyx, makes the plant very orna- 
mental at the beginning of winter ; it is also edible, and 
has a slightly acid taste. 
alkenna (al-ken'a), n. [See alcanna and henna.] 
Same as henna. 
alkermes (al-ker'mez), n. [< F. alkermes, now 
alkermes, \ Ar. al-girmiz : see kermes.] 1. The 
name of a once celebrated compound cordial, 
to which a fine red color was given by kermes. 
Its ingredients are said to have been cider, rose-water, 
sugar, and various fragrant flavoring substances. 
2. Same as kermes. 
alk-gum (alk'gum), n. Same as alk 2 . Allc-pim 
tree, the terebinth of southern Europe and Asia Minor, 
Pixtacia Terebinthuf. 
alkoholt, alkoholict, etc. Obsolete forms of 
alcohol, etc. 
alkool, n. [Repr. Ar. al-koli'l: see alcohol."] A 
preparation of antimony used by the women 
of Eastern nations to d'arken the eyelids and 
eyelashes. Srande. 
Alkoran (al'ko-ran or al-ko-ran'), n. Same as 
Koran. 
Alkoranic, Alkoranish, etc. See Alcoranic, 
etc. 
alkoxid, alkoxide (al-kok'sid, -sid or -sid), . 
[< alc(ohol) + orid.~} A compound in which 
alcohol unites with a metallic base. The base 
replaces hydrogen in the alcohol hydroxyl : as CH 3 ONa, 
sodium alkoxid, formed by treating sodium with methyl 
alcohol. 
alkyl (al'kil), n. [< alk(ali) + -yl."} A generic 
name applied to any alcohol radical, such as 
methyl (CH 3 ), ethyl (C 2 H 5 ), propyl (C 3 H 7 ), etc. 
alkylogen (al-kil'o-jen), n. A halogen salt of 
the alkyl radicals. 
all (al), a. and . [< ME. all, al, pi. alle, < AS. all, 
al, with breaking call, eal, pi. ealle, = ONorth. al, 
alle, =OS. al, alle or alia, = OFries. al, alle, = D. 
al, alle,=OHG. MHG. al, alle, G. all, alle, = Icel. 
allr, allir, = Sw. all, alia, = Dan. all, alle, = 
Goth, alls, allai, all; as a prefix, ME. all-, al-, 
AS. eall-, eal-, al- = OS. at-, etc., usually with 
single I, merging with a simpler Teut. form al-, 
found only in comp. and deriv. (AS. al-, ail- = 
OS. OHG. al-, ala-, alo- = Goth, ala-, as in AS. 
almihtig, telmihtig = OS. almalitia, alamaliti;/, 
alomahtig = OHG. almaJitig, alamahtig, al- 
mighty; OHG. alaniuwi, all new; Goth, ala- 
mans, all men (see Alemannic) ; OS. alung = 
OFries. along = OHG. alanc, entire, complete, 
etc.), perhaps < V * a ' in AS. alan (pret. 61), 
all 
nourish, grow, produce, = Icel. ala (> E. dial. 
alii' 1 , q. v.), nourish, = Goth, alan, grow, be 
nourished, = L. alere, nourish (see aliment), of 
which all, Goth, alls, stem "alia-, an assimila- 
tion of "alna-, would be an ancient pp. adj. form 
in -n (cf. a like assimilation infullf), to be com- 
pared with AS. ald,eald, E. old, OHG. alt=Goth. 
*alths, althcis, old, = L. altus, deep, high, an an- 
cient pp. adj. form in -t (-d 2 , -ed 2 ) : see old and 
alt. Cf . Ir. itle, wile = Gael, uile = W. oil, whole, 
all, every. The several uses of all, as adj., 
pron., noun, and adv., overlap, and cannot 
be entirely separated. See aider 3 , orig. gen. 
pi. of all.~\ I. a. 1. The whole quantity of, 
with reference to substance, extent, duration, 
amount, or degree : with a noun in the singular, 
chiefly such nouns (proper names, names of 
substances, abstract nouns any whole or any 
part regarded in itself as a whole) as from their 
meaning or particular use do not in such use 
admit of a plural: as, all Europe; all Homer; 
all flesh ; all control; all history. 
Gratiano speaks an infinite deal of nothing, more than 
any man in all Venice. Shak., M. of V., i. 1. 
All hell shall stir for this. Shak., Hen. V., v. 1. 
No one will contend that all legislative power belongs 
to Congress, all executive power to the President, or all 
judicial power to the courts of the United States. 
D. Webster, Speech, Senate, May 17, 1834. 
2. The whole number of, with reference to 
individuals or particulars, taken collectively : 
with a noun in the plural : as, all men ; all na- 
tions ; all metals ; all hopes ; all sciences ; all 
days. [All in logic is the sign of a distributed term in 
an affirmative proposition : as, all men are mortal. This 
use of all, in place of every, is a result of Boethius's use of 
<nnrii* as a translation of the ira? of Aristotle.] 
All sins are in all men, but do not appear in each man. 
He that hath one sin, hath all. 
Bushnell, Nat. and the Supernat., p. 388. 
3. Every : chiefly with kind, sort, manner, and 
formerly with thing. 
Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you and . . . shall 
say all manner of evil against you, falsely. Mat. v. 11. 
4. Any ; any whatever : after a preposition or 
verb implying negation or exclusion: as, be- 
yond all controversy ; out of all question ; he 
was free from all thought of danger. 
Yea, without all doubt. Shak., Hen. VIII., iv. 1. 
5f. Only; alone. [Rare.] 
He was my son ; 
But I do wash his name out of my blood, 
And thou art all my child. 
Sliak., All's Well, iii. 2. 
When joined to nouns accompanied by a definitive (the 
definite article, a possessive or demonstrative pronoun, 
etc.), all precedes the latter whether with a singular or 
plural noun, or else follows the noun if it is plural ; as, all 
my labor ; "// his goods ; "// this time ; all these things ; 
all the men agreed to this, or, the men all agreed to this. 
In the phrases all day, all night, all summer, all winter, 
all the year, all the time, etc., the noun is an adverbial 
accusative. In the first four the article is usually omitted. 
All the world's a stage, 
And all the men and women merely players. 
Shak., As you Like it, ii. 7. 
Sir, I will drink success to my friend, with all my heart. 
Sheridan, Duenna, ii. 3. 
The clergyman walks from house to house all day all 
the year to give people the comfort of good talk. 
Emerson, Clubs. 
When joined to a personal or relative pronoun in the 
plural, all may precede, but now usually follows, the pro- 
noun. 
All we like sheep have gone astray. Isa. liii. 6. 
And we all do fade as a leaf. Isa. Ixiv. 6. 
Be ye all of one mind. 1 Pet. iii. 8. 
That they aU may be one. John xvii. 21. 
The alternative construction is all of us, all of them, etc. 
(see II., 2); or the two constructions may stand together. 
We all of us complain of the shortness of time. 
Addieon, Spectator, No. 93. 
The adjective all, with a singular or plural noun, is often 
separated from its subject, especially by the verb be (ex- 
pressed, or in the present participle often omitted), and, 
being thus apparently a part of the predicate, assumes a 
transitional position, and may equally well be regarded as 
an adverb, meaning altogether, wholly : as, the house was 
all dark ; he was all ears ; the poor horse was all skin and 
bones ; the papers were all in confusion ; it was all a mis- 
take ; it is all gone. 
He is all for fasting. Burton, Auat. of Mel., p. 245. 
She follow'd my poor father's body, 
tike Niobe, all tears. Shak., Hamlet, 1. 2. 
He has also rebuilt y parsonage house, all of stone, very 
neate and ample. Evelyn, Diary, Sept. 9, 1677. 
All Fools' day. See /ooH. All hands, the whole com- 
pany; naut., the whole crew. All my eye. See eyei. 
AllSalnts' day. See saint. Ml Souls' day. See soul. 
For all the world. See world. 
II. a. as pron. [Absolute use of the adj.] 
1 . The whole quantity or amount ; the whole ; 
the aggregate ; the total : in a singular sense. 
And Laban . . . said, . . . All that thou seest is mine. 
Gen. xxxi. 43. 
