amphidromical 
puses and cuttlefishes. Sir T. Rrowne, Garden of Cyrus. 
amphidura (am-fi-du'ra), n. A corruption of 
aniphithyra. 
Amphigaea (am-fi-je'a), n. [NL., < Gr. art, 
implying doubt, + yaia, yij, the earth, a land or 
country.] In zoiigeog., the Amphigean realm. 
amphigam (am'fi-gam), n. [= F. amphignmi: 
< NL. amphigamns : see ampliiyanious.} In De 
Candolle's classification of plants, one of the 
group of cryptogams, including the lichens, 
fungi, and algEe, in which sexual organs were 
unknown. 
amphigamous (am-fig'a-mus), a. [< NL. am- 
phigam us, < Gr. art, implying doubt, 4- yauos, 
marriage.] In bot., of or pertaining to the am- 
phigams; thallogenous. 
amphigastria (am-fi-gas'tri-a), n. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. art, around, + yaarijp, stomach : see gas- 
tric.'} The peculiar stipule- 
like accessory leaves on the 
lower side of the stem of some 
scale-mosses and other Hepa- 
ticai. 
amphigastrula (am - fi - gas '- 
tr6-la), . ; pi. ampkigastrulte 
(-le). [NL., < amphi- + gas- 
trula.} In embryol., that form 
of metagastrula (which see) 
which results from unequal 
cleavage or segmentation of 
the vitellus (yolk). 
amphigean (am-fi-je'an), a. 
[< Gr. art, around, + yij, 
the earth: see geography, 
etc.] 1. Extending around the earth : in bot., 
applied to genera or species that are found 
around the globe in approximately the same lati- 
tude. 2. [cop.] [< NL. AmphiyaM + -an.} In 
zoiigeog., a term applied to the temperate South 
American realm as one of the prime zoologi- 
cal divisions of the earth's land-surface, with 
reference to its equivocal or ambiguous zoologi- 
cal character. Together with the Dendrogean or tropi- 
cal American realm, it composes the Neotropical region 
of Sclater. 
amphigen (am'fi-jen), n. [< Gr. art, around, + 
-yeuix, < / *yev, produce : see -gen. Cf . amphi- 
gene.} 1. In bot., athallogen: a name applied 
by Brongniart to those cryptogams (the alg, 
fungi, and lichens) which increase by develop- 
ment of cellular tissue in all directions, and not 
at the summit of a distinct axis. 2f. In chem., 
an element, like oxygen, capable of forming 
with other elements acid and basic compounds. 
amphigene (am'fi-jen), n. [< Gr. d/^fye-wfr, of 
both kinds, of doubtful kind, < art, both, + 
yhof, kind (see gemis) : named with allusion to 
its supposed cleavage in two directions.] Same 
as loucite. 
amphigenous (am-fij'e-nus), a. [Asamphigen + 
Lower side of branch, 
v = showing Amphigastria, 
or accessory leaves. 
184 
riijui; < iiniphigouri : sei- iniijiliii/nri/.} ~Of, re- 
lating to, or consisting of amphigory; absurd; 
nonsensical. 
amphigory (am'fi-go-ri), . ; pi. iimjthit/orii-n 
(-riz). [Modified from F. ttmpliigoiiri, of un- 
certain origin ; appar. a factitious word, based 
on Gr. art, on both sides.] A meaningless 
rigmarole, as of nonsense-verses or the like ; a 
nonsensical parody. 
Amphileptus (am-fi-lep'tus), n. [NL.,< Gr. art, 
on both sides, + Xenrdf, small, fine, delicate.] A 
genus of ciliate infusorians, of the family Tra- 
chelocercida!, having numerous contractile vac- 
uoles in two longitudinal series. A. gigai, one of 
the largest known infusorians, has a lengthened com- 
pressed form with a long neck, and the mouth near the 
base of the proboscis. 
amphilogism (am-fil'o-jizm), n. [< amphilogy 
+ -ixm.} A circumlocution. JV. E. D. 
amphilogy (am-fil'o-ji), n. ; pi. amphilogies 
(-jiz). [< Gr. art^7' a , doubt, debate. < art~ 
Xojof, uncertain, < art, on both sides, T te-yeiv, 
speak: see -ology.} Ambiguity; amphibology. 
amphimacer (am-ftm'a-ser), n. [< L. amphi- 
macrus, < Gr. artf aK Pf, long on both sides, < 
art, on both sides, + fiaxpif, long: see macron. 
Of. amphibrach.} In pros., a foot of three syl- 
lables, the middle one short and the others 
long, as in Latin casKtds: the opposite of am- 
phibrach. 
Amphimonadidae (am'fi-mo-nad'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Amphimonas + -idm.} A family of na- 
ked, free-swimming or sedentary, biflagellate 
infusorians, typified by the genus Amphimonas. 
When sedentary they are attached by a profongation of 
the posterior extremity or by a caudal filament. The 
two flagella are terminal and of equal size ; there is no 
distinct oral aperture, food being taken in at any point of 
the periphery of the body. 
Amphimonas (am-fi-mon'as), n. [NL., < Gr. 
<iu<pi, on both sides, + [iova$ (uovao"-), one, a 
unit: see monad.} The typical genus of Am- 
ph im onadida!. 
amphimonerula (am"fi-mo-ner'6-la), .; pi. am- 
phimonerula; (-le). [NL., t. amphi- '4- monerula.} 
In embryol., the monerula-stage of a holoblastic 
egg which undergoes unequal segmentation or 
cleavage of the vitellus (yolk), and becomes 
successively an amphicytula, amphimorula, 
amphiblastula, and amphigastrula (see these 
words). It is a cytode which includes formative yolk 
at one pole and nutritive yolk at the other ; the two being, 
however, indistinguishable, and both undergoing total 
though unequal segmentation. See gastrulation. 
amphimorph (am'fi-mdrf), n. A flamingo, as 
a member of the Amphimorphai. 
Amphimorphae (am-fi-m6r'f e), n. pi. [NL. , < Gr. 
art, on both sides, + poixjrij, form.] In Huxley's 
system of classification, a superfamily of des- 
mognathous carinate birds : so called because 
intermediate between the anserine birds and the 
storks. It contains only the flamingos, Phaenicopteridtr 
applied to fungi which are not restricted to any 
particular part of the surface of the host. 2f. 
In chem., of the nature of amphigen. 
Also written amphogenovs. 
Amphigenous reaction, in cAem., a reaction which ex- 
hibits both acid and alkaline characters. 
Amphignathodon (am-fig-nath'o-don), n. 
[NL., < Gr. art, on both sides, + yvaSof, jaw, 
+ oobiij- (bdovT-) = E. tooth.} A peculiar genus 
of arciferous anurous batrachians, having teeth 
in both jaws, dilated processes of the sacrum, 
a brood-pouch, and the general aspect of the 
tree-frogs ; the type of a family Amphignatho- 
dontidtB (which see). A. guentheri is an arbo- 
real species of the tropical Andean region. 
amphignathodontid ( am-fig-nath-o-don ' tid) , n . 
One of the Ainphignathodontidai. 
Amphignathodoritidae (am-fig-nath-o-don'ti- 
de), n. pi. [NL.,< Amphignathodon^-)' + -id(e.} 
A family of anurous batrachians, typified by the 
only certainly known genus, Amphignathodon 
(which see). 
amphigonic (am-fi-gon'ik), a. Same as amphig- 
amphimorphic (am-fi-mor'fik), a. [As Amphi- 
morpha! + -ic.} Having the character of or 
pertaining to the Amphimorphce. 
amphimorula (am-fi-mor'o-la), n. ; pi. amphi- 
morula! (-le). [NL., < amphi- + morula.} In 
embryol., the morula, or mulberry-like mass, 
which results from the total but unequal seg- 
mentation of the vitellus (yolk) in that stage in 
the development of a holoblastic egg known as 
an amphicytula ; a solid and generally globular 
mass of cleavage-cells which are not all alike. 
Further stages of development are the amphiblastula and 
the amphigastrula. The human egg is an example. 
Amphineura (am-fi-nu'ra), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
art, around, + vevpov, sinew, nerve.] A class 
or phylum of Vermes constituted by the genera 
Neomenia and Cha'todenna, together with the 
Chitonida;, the latter being removed from the 
Mollusca and associated with the genera named 
on account of the similarity in the nervous 
system. H. von Ihering, 1878. 
Amphinome (am-fin'o-me), n. [NL., < Gr. art, 
around, + vo/ify, a feeding, < vc/ieaffai, feed, pas- 
ture, act.] A genus of chsetopodous worms, 
amphipodous 
amphioxid (am-fi-ok'sid), n. An animal of 
the family Aniphiujridir ; a branchiostomid. 
Amphioxidae(am-fi-ok'si-de),.^. [NL., < Am- 
pli ins n x + - iilti'. } The only known family of lep- 
tocardians or acranial vertebrates, taking name 
from the genus Aiiipliiojcuti : a synonym of 
liraiicliiimtoiiiitlfe (which see). 
Amphioxini (am'fi-ok-si'ni), n. pi. [NL., < 
.lii/li/iiiij-iif,- + -ini.} Same as Amphioaidfe. 
Amphioxus (am-fi-ok'sus), n. [NL., < Gr. art, 
at both ends, + of if, sharp: see oxygen.} The 
lancelets, the typical genus of the family Am- 
ji/iioxidat, whose body is compressed and tapers 
to a point at each end: a synonym of Srnticl/i- 
oxtoma (which see). See also cut under la/ici- 
let. > 
amphipneust (am'fip-nust), n. [< Amphi- 
lii'iixta.~\ One of the Amphipneusta. 
Amphipneusta (am-fip-nus'ta), n. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. art, in both ways, + *-n-vcvar6f. verbal adj. 
of irvelv, breathe: see pneumatic.} A former 
name of a suborder of tailed Amphibia, which re- 
tain their gills through life. As constituted by Aler- 
rem, the group included, however, the larval forms of some 
amphibians which undergo metamorphosis. See Urodela. 
Amphipneustea (am-fip-nus'te-a), n. pi. [NL. : 
see Aiphijieiista.} A name useS by Wiegmann 
for the Onchidiidai (which see), 
amphipnoid (am-fip'noid), n. A fish of the 
family Amphipiio-idai. 
Amphipnoidae (am-fip-noi'de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Amphipnous + -ida;.} A family of symbran- 
chiate fishes. The technical characters arc a cranium 
abbreviated behind, branchial apparatus partly behind 
the cranium, a scapular arch not directly connected with 
the skull, and a double vascular lung-like sac communi- 
cating with the branchial cavity. Only one species is 
known, the cuchia or Amphipnowi cuchw. It is a com- 
mon East Indian fish, of a sluggish nature, and amphibious 
hi its mode of life. It has a very long eel-like form. 
Amphipnoina (am-fip-no-i'na), n. pi. [NL., < 
Amphipnoas + -ina.} The Amphipnoidte, as a 
subfamily of Symbranchiido!, having the vent 
in the posterior half of the skull, and the scap- 
ular arch not attached to the skull. Giinther. 
Also written Amphipnoina;. 
Amphipnoas (am-fip'no-us), n. [NL.,<Gr. art, 
on both sides, + -JTKOOC, breathing, < nveiv, 
breathe.] A genus of eel-like fishes distin- 
guished by a lung-like respiratory apparatus 
which enables the fish to breathe air directly 
as well as through the medium of water. It is 
the type of the family Amphipnoidte. 
amphipod (am'fi-pod), a. and w. [< NL. am- 
phiirus (-pod-), having feet in both directions, 
< Gr. art, on both sides, + m>i>c (7ro<5-) = E. 
foot, q. v.] I. a. Same as amphipodous. 
H. . Anamphipodan; oneofthe Amphipoda. 
Amphipoda (am-fip'o-da), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of amphipus (-pott-), having feet in both di- 
rections : see amphipod.} In 
zool., an order of sessile-eyed 
(edriophthalmous) crustacean 
arthropods: sometimes, as by 
Dana, united with Isopoda in an 
order Choristopoda. The order is 
distinguished from other Edriophthal- 
mia by having the abdominal region 
well developed, and by effecting res- 
piration by means of membranous vesi- 
cles attached to the bases of the tho- 
racic limbs. The iMxlies of the animals 
are compressed laterally and curved 
longitudinally; some of the legs are 
directed forward, the rest backward 
(whence the name). The thorax has 8 
or 7 segments, the abdomen 7. The 
tail is natatory or saltatorial. The 4 
anterior locomotive limbs (namely, 
from the second to the fifth thoracic 
limb inclusive) are directed forward, 
the 3 posterior backward. The latter 
are called pereiopodf, and are the 3 
ambulatory limbs ; behind them, and 
strongly contrasted with them, are 3 
pairs of fringed appendages, called pUopod*. which are the 
true swimming-organs. The body ends behind in a vari- 
ously shaped telson. The eyes are sessile, and sometimes 
rudimentary. From 2 to about 9 families of the order, the 
most extensive of which is the Gammaridce, are recognized 
by different authors. The little animals known as sand- 
hoppers, sand-fleas, and shore-jumpers are members of 
this order, the various forms of which inhabit both fresh 
and salt water. 
Amfhithol, one of 
the Amphipoda, 
r, rostrum ; /, tel- 
son ; lt>, labrutn ; l>r, 
branchiae; as, ooste- 
eites; Ylll'i, XI Vi, 
8th and I4th seg- 
ments. 
mitting'to offspring the characters ofboth'pa- ^ c lto fcnBohte whioh . . . arborescent ... in 
); pertaining to amphigony. t\n Amphinomen. Oegenbaitr,Comp. Anat.(traus.),p.l35. 
MWOd - 
II. n. 
amphigony (am-fig'o-ni), n. 
' " 
opposite of monogony. The word is chiefly used with 
reference to those lower animals which may conjugate or 
blend their substance ; not ordinarily used of reproduction 
in higher animals. 
Amphinomidae (am-fi-nom'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
locomotory polychsetous annelids, of the order 
An amphipod; one of the Amphipoda. 
a. [< <tm- 
Kirby and 
in form ; formed like an amphipod. 
. . Spence, 1828. 
Chaitopoda, having several postoral segments amphipodous (am-fip'o-dus), a. [< amphipod 
included in the head. + -ous.} Having feet in both directions; spe- 
