anabolic 
This aspect of protoplasm is of constantly increasing 
importance, since for the chemist all functions alike ran 
only be viewed in terms of those specific anabolic or kata- 
holic changes which to the physiologist, on the other 
hand, seem mere accompaniments of them. 
Kin-ijc. Brit., XIX. 829. 
anabolism (an-ab'p-lizm), . [< Gr. dva/3o>.#, 
a throwing up, rising up, + -ism.~\ Assimila- 
tion; antegrade metamorphosis; constructive 
metabolism, or ascending metabolic processes 
by which a substance is transformed into an- 
other which is more complex or more highly 
organized and more energetic. It is one kind of 
metabolism, of which catabolism is the other. The pro- 
cess is attended with the absorption and storing up of en- 
ergy, which is set free or manifested in retrograde meta- 
morphosis. The conversion of the nutritive elements of 
the food into the tissues of a living organism is a familiar 
example. 
Anabrus (aii-ab'rus), M. [NL., < Gr. dv- priv. 
-I- d/lp6f, graceful, pretty, delicate.] A genus 
of wingless orthopterous insects, of the family 
Locustidas. It contains several North American species 
known as western crickets or stone-crickets, such as A. 
simplex, a large, dark-colored, nomadic species, sometimes 
appearing in vast numbers on the plains west of the Mis- 
sissippi. 
anacahuite-wood (an*a-ka-hwe'te-wud), M. 
[< ait actth Kite, Mex. name, + wood}.] The 
wood of a boraginaceous shrub, Cordia Bois- 
sieri, obtained from Tampico, Mexico. It is 
reputed to be a remedy for consumption. 
anacalypsis (an'a-ka-Urj 'sis), . ; pi. anacalyp- 
ses (-sez). [NL., < Gr. dvaicdAv^f, an uncover- 
ing, < dva/caXmrrav, uncover, unveil, < dvd, back, 
+ Kat-vimiv, cover. Of. apocalypse.] An un- 
veiling; a revealing; revelation. [Bare.] 
anacamptic (an-a-kamp'tik), a. [< Gr. dvaxd/;- 
irreiv, bend back, <! dvd, back, + KOUTTTCIV, bend, > 
<ca/i7rr}f, liable to bend.] Reflecting or re- 
flected. Anacamptic sounds, sounds produced by re- 
flection, as echoes. 
anacamptically (an-a-kamp'ti-kal-i), adv. By 
reflection: as, echoes are sounds anacamptically 
returned. [Bare.] 
anacampticst (an-a-kamp'tiks), n. [PI. of 
anacamptic: see -ics.] 1. That part of optics 
which treats of reflection : now called catoptric* 
(which see). 2. The theory of reflected sound. 
anacanth (an'a-kanth), . [< Gr. dvdiaivOof, 
without a spine, < av- priv. + aitavBa, spine, 
thorn: see acantlta.] A fish of the order or 
suborder Anacanthini. 
Anacanthi (an-a-kan'thi), n. pi. Same as Ana- 
canthini. 
anacanthine (an-a-kan'thin), a. [< NL. ana- 
canthinns : see below.] Of or pertaining to 
the Anacanthini; anacanthous. 
Anacanthini (an'a-kan-thTnl), n. pi. [NL.. 
pi. of anacanthinus : see anacanth and -int.] 
A group of teleostean fishes to which various 
limits have been assigned by ichthyologists. 
It is now usually rated as an order or a suborder, char- 
acterized by the spineless vertical and ventral fins, the 
latter jugular or thoracic when present, and the air-blad- 
der, if developed, with no pneumatic duct. The group 
contains many edible fishes of the greatest economic im- 
portance, as the cod, hake, haddock, whiting, rusk, bur- 
bot, etc., among the gadoids, and the halibut, turbot, sole, 
plaice, flounder, etc., among the pleuronectids. It is di- 
vided by Giinther into A. pleuronectoidei, characterized 
by having the two sides of the head unsymmetrical, and 
comprising the flatfishes of the family Pleuronectido?, 
and A. gadoidei, having the head symmetrical. By later 
writers it has been restricted to the forms manifesting bi- 
lateral symmetry. By Cope and Gill it has been further 
limited to those types which have the hypercoracoid im- 
perforate and the foramen between the hypercoracoid and 
the hypocoracoid. It thus* includes the families Gadidce 
and Macntridce. Also Anacanthi. 
anacanthous (an-a-kan'thus), a. [< Gr. dvd- 
navffos, spineless: see anacanth.'] 1. Spineless. 
2. Specifically, in ichth., having the charac- 
teristics of the anacanths; pertaining to the 
order or suborder Anacanthini. 
anacard (an'a-kard), n. [= F. anacarde, < NL. 
anacardium :" see Anacardium.] The cashew- 
nut; the fruit of the Anacardium occidental. 
See Anacardium. N. E. D. 
Anacardiaceae (an-a-kar-di-a'se-e), n.pl. [NL., 
< Anacarditini + -ace<K.~\ A natural order of 
polypetalous discifloral plants, with alternate 
leaves, small flowers in panicles, and the fruit 
a one-seeded, one-celled drupe. They are trees or 
shrubs abounding in an acrid, resinous, milky juice, na- 
tives chiefly of tropical and warm regions of the globe. 
To this order belong the sumac (Rhus), some of the spe- 
cies of which are poisonous to those handling them, the 
pistachio, the mango (Mangifera Indica), the cashew 
(Anacardium occidentale), the marking-nut (Semecarpus 
Anacardium), the varnish-tree of Martaban (Melanor- 
rhcea usitata), and the Japan lacquer (Rhtis ivrnictfera). 
anacardiaceous (an-a-kar-di-a'shius), a. [< NL. 
anacardiaceits : see Anacardiacea;.] In bo t., re- 
lating or belonging to the Anacardiacea. 
192 
anacardic (an-a-kar'dik), a. [< anacard + -ir.] 
Pertaining to the shell of the cashew-nut. Ana- 
cardie acid, C44lI4O7, an acid of an aromatic anil burn- 
ing flavor, derived From the pericarps of the cashew-nut. 
It is white and crystalline. 
Anacardium (an-a-kar'di-um), n. [NL., O(r. 
dvd, according to, hence resembling, + 
heart: see cardiac.] A genus 
of shrubs and trees, natural 
order Anacardiacece, natives of 
tropical America. They bear a 
kidney-shaped drupe at the summit of 
a fleshy receptacle, the thickened disk 
and peduncle of the flower. In the 
cashew-tree, A. occidentals, the prin- 
cipal species, this receptacle resem- 
bles a pear in shape and size, and is 
edible, having an agreeable acid 
though somewhat astringent flavor. 
The drupes are roasted, and the ker- 
nels, having their intense acridity 
thus destroyed, become the pleasant 
and wholesome cashew-nuts. The tree 
yields a gum having qualities like 
those of gum arabic, imported from 
South America under the name of 
acajou. 
anacathar sis ( an * a - ka - thar ' - 
sis), n. [NL., < Gr. dvandSapaif, a clearing 
away, < dvaKodaipetv, clear away, < dvd, up, away, 
+ KaOalpetv, cleanse: see catharsis, cathartic.'] 
In med. : (a) Purgation upward. (6) Cough 
attended by expectoration. 
anacathartic (au'a-ka-thar'tik), a. and n. [< 
Gr. dvaKaOaprtKOf, promoting vomiting, < dvana- 
Oaipetv, clear away, cleanse: see anacatharsis.] 
I, a. Tin. med., throwing upward; cleansing by 
exciting discharges from the mouth or nose, as 
vomiting, expectoration, etc. 
H. n. One of a class of medicines which ex- 
cite discharges by the mouth or nose, as expec- 
torants, emetics, sternutatories, and mastiea- 
tories. 
anacephalaeosis (an-a-sef 'a-le-6'sis), . [NL., 
< Gr. avaiiefa&auMifj ( dvaaeijiafjudctv, sum up, as 
an argument, < ava, up, + KctyaMufatv, sum up, 
bring under heads, < xe^d/Uuov, one of the heads 
of a discourse, prop. neut. of Retyd'fMioc,, pertain- 
ing to the head, < Kttyitj], the head : see cephalic.] 
In rhet., a summing up; recapitulation of the 
principal heads of a discourse ; recapitulation 
in general. 
anachorett (an-ak'o-ret), n. The uncontracted 
form of anchoret. 
An Englishman, so madly devout, that he had wilfully 
mured up himself as an aiMeharet, the worst of all pris- 
oners. Bp. Jlull, Epistles, i. 5. 
anachoreticalt (an-ak-o-ret'i-kal), a. [< Gr. 
avaxupijriKo^, disposed to retire. IJGr. pertaining 
to an anchoret : see anchoret.] Relating to or 
resembling an anachoret or anchoret. 
anachorism (a-nak'o-rizm), n. . [< Gr. dvd, back, 
+ xapa, or x<->Pf, country, + -ism ; formed in 
imitation of anachronism.] Something incon- 
sistent with or not suited to the character of 
the country to which it is referred. [Bare.] 
There is a sort of opinions, anachronisms at once and 
aiutchorismg, foreign both to the age and the country, 
that maintain a feeble and buzzing existence, scarce to be 
called life. Lowell, Biglow Papers, 2d ser., p. "9. 
anachoritet (an-ak'o-rit), . An old form of 
anchoret. 
anachronic, anachronical ( an - a - kron ' ik, 
-i-kal), a. [As anachronism + -tc. df. chronic.] 
Same as anachronous. 
In our last General Convention ... it happened once 
that a member, anachronic, moved a resolution having the 
old firebrand smell about it, the old clatter of the rack 
and chains. Morgan Dix, Am. Church Rev., \ !.l I. 521. 
anachronically (an-a-kron'i-kal-i), adv. By 
anachronism ; wrongly with respect to date. 
anachronism (an-ak'ron-izm), n. [= F. ana- 
chronisme, < Gr. dvaxpovta/tuf, < dvaxpovi&iv, re- 
fer to a wrong time, only in pass. avaxpavi&aOai, 
be an anachronism, < ava, back, against, + 
Xp6vo<;, time : see chronic.] An error in respect 
to dates; any error which implies the mispla- 
cing of persons or events in time ; hence, any- 
thing foreign to or out of keeping with a speci- 
fied time. Thus, Shakspere makes Hector quote Aris- 
totle, who lived many centuries after the assumed date of 
Hector. Anachronisms may be made in regard to mode 
of thought, style of writing, and the like, as well as in 
regard to events. 
The famous anachronism [of Virgil] in making jEneas 
and Dido contemporaries. Dryden, Epic Poetry. 
Thus far we abjure, as monstrous moral anachronisms, 
the parodies and lampoons attributed to Homer. 
De Quincey, Homer, iii. 
But of what use is it to avoid a single anachronism. 
when the whole play is one anachronism, the sentiments 
and phrases of Versailles in the camp of Aulis r 
Macaulay, Moore's Byron. 
anaconda 
anachronist (an-ak'rpn-ist), n. [As niiachroii- 
ixm + -ixt.] One who commits an anachron- 
ism. !>< <,>i(inci i/. 
anachronistic, anachronistical (an-ak-ro-nis'- 
tik, -ti-kal), a. [< intnrhnniixt.] Same as tnm- 
('l/riniitiix. 
anachronize (an-ak'ron-iz), r. t. ; pret. and pp. 
iiiKicliroiiiytl, ppr. iiiin/-lii-(iiti~i>i(/. [< Gr. ava- 
Xpovi&"', refer to a wrong time: sec uii<n-lii'<i 
i.im.] To refer to an erroneous date or period ; 
misplace chronologically. 
anachronous (an-ak'ron-us), a. [As iiHHcliniii- 
ixni + -nits, as if directly < Gr. dvd, back, + 
Xpovof, time : see anachronism.] Erroneous in 
date; containing an anachronism; out of date. 
Equivalent forms are anachronic, anachronical, 
anarhroiiixtir, and anachronistital. 
anachronously (an-ak'ron-us-li), adv. In an 
anachronous manner; without regard to cor- 
rect chronology. 
anaclasis (an-ak'la-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. ovd/t/a- 
ovf, a bending back, recurvature, reflection of 
light or of sound, \ OWZK/OV, bend back, break 
off, < dvd, back, + tf.dv, break off, deflect.] In 
pros., the substitution of a ditrochee for an 
Ionic a majori, so that the second and third of 
the four syllables interchange lengths, while 
the constituent parts are otherwise unaltered, the rhyth- 
mic movement is by this irregularity partially deranged 
or broken up. 
anaclastic (an-a-klas'tik), a. [< Gr. dvd/c/taoroc, 
reflected, verbal adj. of dva/iAav: see anaclaxis.] 
1. Pertaining to or produced by the refraction 
of light. 2. Bending back; refracted. 3. In 
pros., modified or characterized by anaclasis. 
Anaclastic curves, the apparent curves at the bottom of 
a vessel of water, caused by the refraction of light. Ana- 
clastic glass or vial, a glass with a narrow mouth and 
a wide convex bottom of such thinness that when a little 
air is sucked out it springs inward with a smart crackling 
sound, and when air is blown in it springs outward into its 
former shape with a like noise. 
anaclastics (an-a-klas'tiks), n. [PL of ana- 
clastic: see -ics.] Same as dioptrics. 
anaclisis (an-ak'li-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. dvdKAiaif, 
a reclining, < dvan'Aiveiv, lean one thing against 
another, in pass. dvaMveoflai, recline, < avd, back, 
+ Mvetv, lean: see clinic and lean^.] In med., 
the particular attitude taken by a sick person 
in bed, which affords important indications in 
some cases; decubitus. 
anacoenosis (au"a-se-no'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
dvanoivuaif, communication, < dvoKotvovv, com- 
municate, make common, < dvd, throughout, 
+ KOLVOVV, make common, < KOIVO^ , common : see 
cenobite.] In rhet., a figure consisting in ap- 
pealing to one's opponent for his opinion on 
the point in debate. 
anacolutha, . Plural of anacoluthon. 
anacoluthia (an"a-ko-lu'thi-a), . [NL., < Gr. 
dvaKo'/.ovtiia, inconsequence, < dvaKd/.owof, incon- 
sequent: see anacoluthon.] Want of grammat- 
ical sequence or coherence ; the passing from 
one construction to another in the same sen- 
tence. For examples, see anacoluthon. Also 
spelled analcoluthia and anakolouthia. 
Anakoluthia requires length or strength, length of sen- 
tence or strength of passion. Jour, of Philol., VII. 175. 
anacoluthic (an'a-ko-lu'thik), a. [< anacolu- 
thon + -ic.] In gram, and rhet., wanting se- 
quence; containing an anacoluthon: as, an 
anacoluthic clause or sentence. Also spelled 
anakoluthic and anakolouthic. 
anacoluthically (an^a-ko-lu'thi-kal-i), adv. 
r< anacoluthic + -al + -ly^-] In an anacoluthic 
manner. N. E. D. Also spelled anakoluthically 
and anakolouthically. 
anacoluthon (an"a-ko-lu'thon), n. ; pi. anaco- 
lutha (-tha). [NL.,^ Gr. dvanu2.awov, neut. of dva- 
K6}j)v8of, inconsequent (the Gr. noun is dvano^Mt- 
Oia: see anacoluthia), < dv- priv. + dn6'/<.ovdof, fol- 
lowing, >E. acolyte, q. v.] In gram, and rhet., 
an instance of anacoluthia; a construction char- 
acterized by a want of grammatical sequence. 
For example : "And he charged him to tell no man : hut 
go and shew thyself to the priest." Luke v. 14. "He that 
curseth father or mother, let him die the death." Mat. 
xv. 4. As a figure of speech it has propriety and force 
only so far as it suggests that the emotion of the speaker 
is so great as to make him forget how he began his sen- 
tence, as in the following examples : 
"If thou beest he But, 0, how fall'n ! how changed ! " 
Milton, P. L., i. 84. 
"But ah ! Him ! the first great Martyr in this great 
cause ! . . . how shall I struggle with the emotions that 
stifle the utterance of thy name !" D. Wrbtier, Speech at 
Bunker Hill. 
Also spelled umikoUithon and 
anaconda (an-a-kon'da), n. [In the 18th cen- 
tury also spelled anaconda, tinocondo; men- 
