anatomize 
He [Keats] no doubt penned many a stanza when he 
should have been anatomizing. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 308. 
Also spelled anatomise. 
anatomizer (a-nat'o-mi-zer), n. One who dis- 
sects or anatomizes ; adissecter; an anatomist; 
an analyst. Also spelled anatomim-r. 
anatomy (a-nat'o-mi), n.; pi. anatomies (-miz). 
[Early mod. E. also anatomie, < F. anatomie 
= Sp. anatomia = Pg. It. anatomia,(. LL. anato- 
mia, anatomy, < LGr. avarofiia, in classical Or. 
avaro/ify, a cutting up, dissection, < avaTcfiveiv, cut 
up, cut open, (. ava, up, + TCUVSIV, second aor. TO- 
ftelv, cut, )TO(iii, MGr. rouia, a cutting, r6fjof, a cut, 
a section, tome : see tome. Hence, by misunder- 
standing, an atomy, a skeleton : see atomy^.] 1. 
Dissection; the act or art of dissecting organ- 
ized bodies with reference to their structure; 
the practice of anatomizing; anatomization. 
2. That which is learned from dissection; 
the science of the bodily structure of animals 
and plants ; the doctrines of organization de- 
rived from structure. See histology, organ- 
ography, organology, morphology, zootomy, phy- 
totomy, anthropotomy. 3. Anatomical struc- 
ture or organization ; the formation and disposi- 
tion of the parts of an organized body. Hence 
4. The structure of any inanimate body, as 
a machine ; the structure of a thing, with ref- 
erence to its parts. [Rare.] 5. A treatise 
on anatomical science or art; anatomical de- 
scription or history ; a manual of dissection. 
6. Figuratively, any analysis or minute ex- 
amination of the parts or properties of a thing, 
material, critical, or moral. 7f. That which is 
dissected or results from dissection ; a dissected 
body, part, or organ. 8. A subject of or for 
dissection; that which is or appears to be 
ready or fit for dissecting: in various obsolete, 
colloquial, or figurative uses. Specifically (a) A 
corpse procured or prepared for dissection, (b) An ana- 
tomical model ; a model of a dissected body, as in plaster, 
wax, or papier niuche, displaying the structure and posi- 
tion of parts or organs ; an anatomical cast or waxwork. 
(c) The solid or bony framework of a body ; a skeleton. 
The anatomy of a little child ... is accounted a greater 
rarity than the skeleton of a man in full stature. Fuller. 
(d) A much emaciated person or other living being ; one 
almost reduced to a skeleton. [Now only jocose.] 
They brought one Pinch, a hungry, lean-fac'd villain, 
A mere anatomy, a mountebank. Shak., C. of ., v. 1. 
Passion and the vows I owe to you 
Have changed me to a lean anatomy. 
Ford, Love's Sacrifice, ii. 1. 
(e) Of persons, the body or any part of it ; the physique, 
as if a mere anatomical structure. (/) A mummy; a 
corpse, dried and shriveled, (g) Figuratively, the with- 
ered, lifeless form of anything material or immaterial ; 
meaningless form; shadow without substance. Anat- 
omy Act, au English statute of 1832 (2 and 3 Wm. IV., c. 75) 
regulating schools of anatomy and the practice of dissec- 
tion. Animal anatomy, the anatomy of animals as dis- 
tinguished from that of plants; zootomy and anthropotomy 
as distinguished from phytotomy. Artificial anatomy, 
a term sometimes applied to the art of making anatomical 
models. Avian anatomy, the dissection of birds; orni- 
thotomy. Clastic anatomy, the art (invented by Au- 
zoux, 1825) of making manikins or anatomical models in 
papier mache representing the natural appearance of all 
the parts in separate pieces, which can be joined as a whole 
and taken apart. -Comparative anatomy, (a) The in- 
vestigation or study of the anatomy of animals in its spe- 
cial relation to human structure, or as exhibiting the rela- 
tion of the human type to the types of lower orders. (&) A 
comprehensive account of the anatomy of living organ- 
isms lower than man, or of any one group alone. [Obso- 
lescent.] (c) The examination and comparison of the 
structure of all animals, including man, with reference to 
morphology, organology, and taxonomy ; anatomy in gen- 
eral. Descriptive anatomy, an account of parts and 
organs of the Body with special regard to their structure, 
position, or relations, but without regard to their mor- 
phological significance : the opposite of comparative anat- 
omy. It denotes specifically anthropotomy, in its medi- 
cal and surgical aspects. Also called special anatomy. 
General anatomy, a branch of descriptive anatomy 
which treats especially of histology, or the structure and 
physical properties of the tissues of the body, without re- 
gard to the disposition of the parts and organs composed 
of them. Gross anatomy, the anatomy of parts and 
organs discernible by the naked eye, and handled without 
special appliances ; organology as distinguished from his- 
tology : the opposite of minute anatomy. Minute anat- 
omy, microscopic anatomy ; the study of parts or organs 
requiring the aid of the microscope ; lustological anato- 
my. Pathological anatomy, the anatomy of diseased 
parts, organs, or tissues, or of organic lesions or malfor- 
mations, the latter being more specifically called terato- 
loyical anatomy. Quick anatomy*, live anatomy t, 
vivisection. Special anatomy, same as descriptive aiuit- 
omy. Surgical anatomy, the anatomy of parts and or- 
gans with reference to their situation and relative posi- 
tion, in view of surgical operations which it may be ne- 
cessary to perform upon them. Textural anatomy, a 
description of organs with regard to their histological 
structure. Topographical anatomy, the descriptive 
and surgical anatomy of any particular region of the body, 
as of the axilla, the groin, the popliteal space, or the tri- 
angles of the neck. Transcendental anatomy, ana- 
tomical inductions, theories, and hypotheses with refer- 
ence to the type, model, or plan upon which organized 
200 
bodies are constructed : sometimes used with a shade of 
criticism, as being "ideal " rather than actual or practical 
anatomy. 
anatopism (a-nat'o-pizm), n. [< Gr. ava, back, 
+ T<iTof, a place, + -/SOT.] Faulty or incongru- 
ous arrangement; specifically, in art, an in- 
harmonious grouping of objects. 
anatreptic (an-a-trep'tik), a. [< Gr. avaTptTrri- 
/tof, refuting, overturning, < kvarpiiretv, refute, 
overturn, < ava, up, -t- rpiireiv, turn.] Refuting; 
defeating : applied to certain dialogues of Plato. 
anatripsis (an-a-trip'sis). . [NL., < Gr. ava- 
rpiifjif, rubbing, < avarpipeiv, rub, chafe, < ava, 
again, + rpi/ietv, rub.] In med., friction em- 
ployed as a remedy for disease. 
anatripsology (an"a-trip-8ol'o-ji), . [< Gr. 
avarpiTJiic, rubbing, -f- -/loj la, < >.tj eiv, speak : see 
-ology.] 1. In me d., the science of friction as a 
remedy. 2. A treatise on friction. Dunglison. 
anatron (an'a-tron), n. [= F. anatron, < Sp. 
anatron, < Ar. an-natrun, < al, the, + natrSn, na- 
tron: see natron.'] 1. Glass-gall or sandiver, 
a scum which rises upon melted glass in the 
furnace. It consists of fused salts, chiefly sulphates and 
chlorids of the alkalis, which have not combined with 
silica to form glass. 
2. The salt which collects on the walls of 
vaults ; saltpeter. 
anatropal (a-nat'ro-pal), a. Same as anatro- 
potis. 
anatropous (a-nat'ro-pus), a. [< NL. anatro- 
pus, < Gr. ava. up, + Tptnetv, turn : see trope.] 
Inverted : in bo t. , applied to the reversed ovule, 
w 
I, Anatropous Ovule of Magnolia. 2, Section of same. 3, Section 
of Seed of Magnolia, a, raphc ; b, micropyle ; c, chalaza ; if. hilum ; 
e, fleshy coat of seed inclosing the raphe ; /". bony testa ; ^, albu- 
men, inclosing the embryo above. (Magnified.) 
having the hilum close to the micropyle, and 
the chalaza at the opposite end. An equiva- 
lent form is antitropal. 
anatto (a-nat'o), . Same as arnotto. 
Anaxagorean (an-aks-ag-o-re'an), a. and n. 
[< L. Anaxagoras, Gr. 'Avagaytipa;.] I. a. Re- 
lating or pertaining to the person or the doc- 
trines of Anaxagoras, a celebrated Greek phi- 
losopher, born at Clazomenee, near Smyrna, 
about 500 B. C. Anaxagoras taught the eternity of 
matter, and ascribed the origin of the world and the order 
of nature to the operation of an eternal self-existing prin- 
ciple, which he termed nous (coD?), mind or intelligence. 
II. n. A follower of Anaxagoras. 
Anaxagorizet (an-aks-ag'o-riz), *. i. [< An- 
axagoras + -ize,~\ To favor the principles of 
Anaxagoras. Cudworth. 
Anaximandrian (an-aks-i-man'dri-an), a. and 
. [< L. Anaximander, Gr. 'Avai[Mvdpof.~] I. 
a. Of or pertaining to the Greek philosopher 
Anaximander of Miletus (sixth century B. c.), 
or to his doctrines. 
II. n. A follower of Anaximander. 
Anaxonia (an-ak-so'ni-a), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
av- priv. + afuv, axle, axis: see axle, axis.] Or- 
ganic forms, animal or vegetable, having no 
axes, and consequently wholly irregular in fig- 
ure: the opposite of Axonia (which see). See 
cut under amoeba. 
Anaxonia forms destitute of axes, and consequently 
wholly irregular in form, e. g. , Amoebte and many Sponges. 
Eneyc. Brit., XVI. 843. 
anazoturia (an-az-o-tu'ri-a), n. [NL., < Gr. av- 
priv. + azote, q. v., + Gr. oiipov, urine.] In 
med., a condition of the urine characterized by 
marked diminution in its nitrogenous constitu- 
ents. 
anbury (an'ber-i), n. [Chiefly E. dial. ; also 
written anberry, by assimilation ambtiry, with 
prosthetic n, nanberry, by apparent extension 
anlebury, angleberry, in earliest recorded form 
anburie (Florio) ; of uncertain origin, but per- 
haps repr. "atigberry, < AS. ange, painful (as in 
ang-naigl, E. "angnail, agnail, q. v., and angseta, 
a boil or wart), + berif, E. berry 1 , transferred 
to pimple or tumor. Hardly an extension of 
ancestrally 
innjier, q. v.] 1. A swelling, full of blood and 
soft to the touch, peculiar to horses and cattle. 
2. Club-root, a sort of gall or excrescence in 
some plants of the natural order t'rucifcru; and 
chiefly in the turnip, produced by a puncture 
made, by the ovipositor of an insect for the de- 
position of its eggs. [Eng.] 
-ance. [< ME. -anee, -auncc, < OF. -aiict, repr. 
both L. -ant-ia and -ent-ia, forming nouns from 
ppr. adjectives in -;i(/-)x, -cn(t-)s_: see -an ft, 
-vn t. In later F. and E. many nouns in -ance, < L. 
-< iitin, were changed to -ence, in nearer accord 
with the L. Nouns of recent formation have 
-ance < -antia, and -enee < -i-iitin. Extended 
-ancy, q. v.] A suffix of Latin origin, forming 
nouns from adjectives in -ant, or directly from 
verbs, as significance, defiance, purveyance, etc. ; 
also used with native English verbs, as in abid- 
ance, forbearance, furtherance, hindrance, rid- 
dance, etc. 
Anceidae (an-se'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < Anceus + 
-idat.] A family of isopods, named from the 
genus Anceus. See GnatliiMte and Prtmizidee. 
Ancerata (an-ser'a-ta), n. pi. [NL., improp. 
for *acerata,(. Gr. av- (before a consonant prop, 
o-) priv., without, + Ktpa;, a horn: see Acera.] 
In Blyth's classification of mammals, a term 
proposed to distinguish the camels and llamas 
from the other ruminant Artiodactyla. The dis- 
tinction is a good one, and has been recently insisted upon, 
as the structure of these animals is now better known. The 
term is precisely equivalent to Tylupoda or I'ltalnni/igrada 
(which see), but it is not in use. 
ancestor (an'ses-tpr), . [Early mod. E. an- 
cestor, ancestour, ancenter, auncestor, etc., < ME. 
aneestre, aunsestre, ancessour, avncessour, etc. 
(also, without , ancetre, auneetre, anceter, an- 
cetor, aunsetter, etc., > mod. dial, anceter, anster), 
< OF. aneestre, and ancesor, anceisor, anceisur, 
aneessor, etc., commonly in pi. aitcestres (Cot- 
grave), mod. F. anctitres = Pr. aneessor, < L. 
anteeessor, a foregoer, in pi. an advance-guard, 
in LL. a predecessor in office, a teacher or 
professor of law, eccles. a forerunner ( > E. ante- 
eessor); < antecedere, pp. antecessus, go before, 
< ante, before, + cedere, go: see antecedent.] 
1. One from whom a person is descended in 
the line of either father or mother; a fore- 
father; a progenitor. 2. In law, one, whether 
a progenitor or a collateral relative, who has 
preceded another in the course of inheritance ; 
one from whom an inheritance is derived : the 
correlative of heir : sometimes used specifically 
of the immediate progenitor. 13. In biol., ac- 
cording to the theory of evolution, the hypo- 
thetical form or stock, of an earlier and pre- 
. mzed 
have been directly or in- 
directly developed. 
The first and simplest plants had no ancestors; they 
arose by spontaneous generation or special creation. 
Sachs, Botany (trans.), p. 846. 
Collateral ancestors, see collateral. 
ancestorial (an-ses-to'ri-al), a. [< ancestor + 
-ial.~\ Ancestral: as, "his ancestorial seat," 
Grote, Hist. Greece, I. xiv. [Rare.] 
ancestorially (an-ses-to'ri-al-i), adv. In an an- 
cestorial manner; with regard to ancestors. 
Sydney Smith. [Rare.] 
ancestor -worship (an'ses-tor-wer"ship), n. 
The worship of ancestors. 
Ancestor-worship, the worship of father, grandfather, 
and great-grandfather, has among the Hindus a most 
elaborate liturgy and ritual, of which the outlines are 
given in the law-books, and with special fulness in the 
Book of Vishnu. Maine, Early Law and Custom, p. 50. 
ancestral (an-ses'tral), a. [Early mod. E. also 
ancestrel, ancestrell, auncestrell, < OF. aneestrel, 
< aneestre, ancestor: see ancestor and -aZJ 1. 
Pertaining to ancestors or progenitors ; descend- 
ing or claimed from ancestors : as, an ancestral 
estate; ancestral trees; a king on his ancestral 
throne. 
Tenure by homage ancestral was merely tenancy-in- 
chief by immemorial prescription in the family. 
C. H. Pearson, Early and Middle Ages of Eng., xxxiv. 
2. In biol., of or pertaining to an ancestor; 
being an earlier, and presumably lower or more 
generalized, type from which later more spe- 
cialized forms of organized beings are asserted 
to have been evolved. 
The common descent of all the Chalk Sponges from a 
single ancestral form, the Olynthus, can be proved with 
certainty. Hatckel, Evol. of Man (trans.), 1. 117. 
Homage ancestral. See homage. 
ancestrally (an-ses'tral-i), adv. With refer- 
ence to ancestry ; as regards descent. 
Ancestrally, yellow-rattle is a near relation of the pret- 
ty little blue veronicas. 
G. Allen, Colin Clout's Calendar, p. 96. 
sumably lower type, from which any organized 
being is inferred to 
