anchovy 
tinchoreyc, anchoveyes, ancltove = D. ansjrtvis = 
G. anschove = Sw. ansjovis = Dan. ansjos = 
F. anchois (> Russ. anchousu = Pol. anezos), < 
It. dial. (iHciora, aneioa, anciua, aiichioa, It. ac- 
riitijtt, = Sp. unchova, anchoa = Pg. anchma, en- 
ehova, anchovy ; of uncertain origin ; cf . Basque 
anchova, nnchoa, ancliua, anchovy, perhaps re- 
lated to Basque antzua, dry, hence lit. a dried 
or pickled fish, anchovy. Diez refers the Rom. 
forms ult. to Gr. a(j>vr/, commonly supposed to be 
the anchovy or sardine.] An abdominal mal- 
Anchovy (Stolephorus eHcrasicltolus). 
acopterygious fish, of the genus Stolephorus or 
Engraulis, family StolephoricUe. The species are 
all of diminutive size, and inhabitants of most tropical 
and temperate seas. Only one species, S. encrasicholus, 
is known upon the European coasts, but fifteen approach 
those of the United States. The common anchovy of Eu- 
rope, S. encrasicholus, esteemed for its rich and peculiar 
flavor, is not much larger than the middle finger. It is 
caught in vast numbers in the Mediterranean, and pick- 
led for exportation. A sauce held in much esteem is 
made from anchovies by pounding them in water, sim- 
mering the mixture for a short time, adding a little 
cayenne pepper, and straining the whole through a hair 
sieve. Anchovy paste, a preparation of anchovy and 
various clupeids (sprats, etc.). 
anchovy-pear (an-cho'vi-par), . The fruit of 
Grias caidiflora, a myrtaceous tree growing in 
Jamaica. It is large, and contains generally a single 
seed protected by a stony covering. It is pickled and 
eaten like the mango. 
anchry (ang'kri), a. [Bad spelling of ancry, 
< F. ancree, < ancrer, anchor: see anchor^, v. and 
n.] In her., same as anchored, 3. 
Anchusa (ang-ku'sa), n. [L., < Gr. dy^owra, 
Attic c-j-xovaa, alkanet.] A genus of herbaceous 
plants, chiefly perennial, of the natural order 
Boraginacece. There are 30 species, rough, hairy herbs, 
natives of Europe and western Asia. The more common 
species of Europe is the bugloss or common alkanet, A. 
officinalis. A. Italian, is cultivated for ornament. See al- 
Icanet and Alkanna. 
anchusic (ang-ku'sik), a. [< anchusin + -ic.] 
Of or pertaining to anchusin : as, anchusic acid. 
anchusin (ang'ku-sin), n. [< Anchusa + -i 2 .] 
A red coloring matter obtained from Alkanna 
(Anchusa) tinctoria. It is amorphous, with a resin- 
ous fracture, and when heated emits violet vapors, which 
are extremely suffocating. 
anchyloblepharon, n. See ankyloblepharon. 
anchylose, anchylosis, etc. See ankylose, etc. 
Anchylostoma (ang-ki-los'to-ma), n. [NL., 
prop. Ancylostoma, < Gr. ayxv^of, crooked, curved, 
+ ar6/ja, mouth.] Same as Dochmius, 2. 
anciencyt (an'shen-si), n. [Early mod. E. also 
aunciencie, etc., for earlier ancienty, q. v.] An- 
cientness ; antiquity. 
ancient 1 (an'shent), a. and . [Early mod. E. 
also antient (a spelling but recently obsolete, 
after pa tient, etc., or with ref. to the orig. L.), 
< ME. auncient, auncyent, aunciant, etc. (with 
excrescent -t, as in tyrant, etc. : see -ant 2 ), ear- 
lier auncien, auncian, < OF. ancien, mod. F. an- 
<se=Pr. ancian = Sp. anciano = Pg. anciSo = 
It. anziano, < ML. antianus, ancianus, former, 
old, ancient, prop, "anteanus, with term, -anus 
(E. -an, -en), < L. ante, before, whence also an- 
ticus, antiquus, former, ancient, antique : see 
antic, antique, and ante-.~\ I, a. 1. Existent 
or occurring in time long past, usually in re- 
mote ages ; belonging to or associated with an- 
tiquity ; old, as opposed to modern : as, ancient 
authors ; ancient records. As specifically applied to 
history, ancient usually refers to times and events prior to 
the downfall of the Western Roman Empire, A. D. 476, and 
is opposed to medieval, which is applied to the period from 
about the fifth century to the end of the fifteenth, when 
modern history begins, and to modern, which is sometimes 
used of tlie whole period since the fifth century. In other 
uses it commonly has no exact reference to time. 
We lost a great number of ancient authors by the con- 
quest of Egypt by the Saracens, which deprived Europe 
of the use of the papyrus. 
/. D' Israeli, Curios, of Lit., I. 67. 
The voice I hear this passing night was heard 
In ancient days by emperor and clown. 
Keats, Ode to Nightingale. 
His [Milton's] language even has caught the accent of 
the ancient world. Lowell, New Princeton Rev., I. 154. 
2. Having lasted from a remote period ; hav- 
ing been of long duration ; of great age ; very 
old: as, an ancient city; an ancient forest: gen- 
erally, but not always, applied to things. 
203 
I do love these ancient ruins. 
We never tread upon them but we set 
Our foot upon some reverend history. 
Webster, Duchess of Malfl, v. 3. 
The Governor was an ancient gentleman of greate cour- 
age, of y order of St. Jago. Evelyn, Diary, Feb. 10, 1657. 
3. Specifically, in law, of more than 20 or 30 
years' duration: said of anything whose con- 
tinued existence for such a period is taken into 
consideration in aid of defective proof by rea- 
son of lapse of memory, or absence of wit- 
nesses, or loss of documentary evidence: as, 
an ancient boundary. 4. Past; former. 
If I longer stay, 
We shall begin our ancient bickerings. 
Skak., 2 Hen. VI., i. 1. 
Know'st thou Amoret ? 
Hath not some newer love forc'd thee forget 
Thy ancient faith? 
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 4. 
5. In her., formerly worn; now out of date or 
obsolete: thus, France ancient is azure sem6e 
with fleurs-de-lys or, while France modern is 
azure, 3 fleurs-de-lys. or 2 and 1 Ancient de- 
mesne. See demesne. =8yn. Ancient, Old, Antique, An- 
tiquated, Old-fashioned, Quaint, Obsolete, Obsolescent, by- 
gone. Ancient and old are generally applied only to 
things subject to change. Old may apply to things which 
have long existed and still exist, while ancient may apply 
to things of equal age which have ceased to exist : as, old 
laws, ancient republics. Ancient properly refers to a 
higher degree of age than old : as, old times, ancient times ; 
old institutions, ancient institutions. An oW-looking man 
is one who seems advanced in years, while an ancient- 
looking man is one who seems to have survived from a 
past age. Antique is applied either to a thing which has 
come down from antiquity or to that which is made in 
imitation of ancient style : thus, ancient binding is binding 
done by the ancients, while antique binding is an imita- 
tion of the ancient style. Antiquated, like antique., may 
apply to a style or fashion, but it properly means too old ; 
it is a disparaging word applied to ideas, laws, customs, 
dress, etc., which are out of date or outgrown : as, anti- 
quated laws should be repealed ; his head was full of an- 
tiquated notions. Old-fashioned is a milder word, noting 
that which has gone out of fashion, but may still be thought 
of as pleasing. Quaint is old-fashioned with a pleasing 
oddity : as, a quaint garb, a quaint manner of speech, a 
quaint face. Obsolete is applied to that which has gone 
completely out of use : as, an obsolete word, idea, law. Ob- 
solescent is applied to that which is in process of becoming 
obsolete. Ancient and antique are opposed to modern; 
old to new, young, or fresh ; antiquated to permanent or 
established; old-faMoned to new-fashioned; obsolete to 
current or present. Aged, Elderly, Old, etc. See aged. 
In these nooks the busy outsider's ancient times are only 
old; his old times are still new. 
T. Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd. 
His singular dress and obsolete language confounded the 
baker, to whom he offered an ancient medal of Decius as 
the current coin of the empire. 
/. D' Israeli, Curios, of Lit., I. 160. 
He was shown an old worm-eaten coffer, which had 
long held papers, untouched by the incurious generations, 
of Montaigne. /. D' Israeli, Curios, of Lit. , I. 73. 
While Beddoes* language seems to possess all the ele- 
ments of the Shaksperian, there is no trace of the con- 
sciously antique in it. Amer. Jour, of Philol., IV. 450. 
I was ushered into a little misshapen back-room, having 
at least nine corners. It was lighted by a skylight, fur- 
nished with antiquated leathern chairs, and ornamented 
with the portrait of a fat pig. 
Irving, Boar's Head Tavern. 
Somewhat back from the village street 
Stands the old-fashioned country seat. 
Longfellow, Old Clock on the Stairs. 
We might picture to ourselves some knot of speculators, 
debating with calculating brow over the quaint binding 
and illuminated margin of an obsolete author. 
Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 31. 
Evidence of it [the disappearance of words from the lan- 
guage] is to be seen in the obsolete and obsolescent material 
found recorded on almost every page of our dictionaries. 
Whitney, Lang, and Study of Lang., p. 98. 
II. . 1. One who lived in former ages ; a per- 
son belonging to an early period of the world's 
history : generally used in the plural. 
We meet with more raillery among the moderns, but 
more good sense among the ancients. 
Addition, Spectator, No. 249. 
2. A very old man ; hence, an elder or person 
of influence : a governor or ruler, political or 
ecclesiastical. 
Long since that white-haired ancient slept. 
Bryant, Old Man's Counsel. 
The Lord will enter into judgment with the ancients of 
his people. Is. iii. 14. 
3f. A senior. 
In Christianity they were his ancients. 
Hooker. 
4. In the Inns of Court and Chancery in Lon- 
don, one who has a certain standing or senior- 
ity: thus, in Gray's Inn, the society consists of 
benchers, ancients, barristers, and students un- 
der the bar, the ancients being the oldest bar- 
risters. Wharton. 
When he was A undent in Inne of Conrte, certaine yong 
tantiemes were brought before him, to be corrected for 
certaine misorders. Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 62. 
Ancient Of days, the Supreme Being, in reference to his 
existence from eternity. 
ancillary 
I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the An- 
dent <tf day* did sit, whose garment was white as snow. 
Dan. vii. :. 
Council Of Ancients, in I-'irnch hist,, the upper cham- 
ber of the French legislature (Corps Legislatif) under the 
constitution of 1795, consisting of 250 members, each at 
least forty years old. See Corps L>'iiixlutij, umU-r ('//y'* L '. 
ancient 2 t (an'shent), H. [Early mod. E. also 
antient, ancyent, auncient, aunticnt, and even 
antesign, corrupt forms of ensign, in simulation 
of ancient*: see ensign."} 1. A flag, banner, 
or standard ; an ensign ; especially, the flag or 
streamer of a ship. 
Ten times more dishonourable ragged than an old-faced 
[that is, patched) ancient. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., iv. 2. 
I made all the sail I could, and in half an hour she spied 
me, then hung out her ancient, and discharged a gun. 
Swift, Gulliver's Travels, 1. 8. 
2. The bearer of a flag; a standard-bearer; an 
ensign. 
Ancient, let your colours fly; but have a great care of 
the butchers' hooks at Whiteehapel ; they have been the 
death of many a fair ancient. 
Beau, and Fl., Knight of Burning Pestle, v. 2. 
This is Othello's ancient, as I take it. 
Shak., Othello, v. 1. 
anciently (au'sheut-li), adv. 1. In ancient 
times; in times long since past; of yore: as, 
Persia was anciently a powerful empire. 
The colewort is not an enemy (though that were an- 
ciently received) to the vine only ; but it is an enemy to 
any other plant. Bacon, Nat. Hist., 480. 
2. In or from a relatively distant period; in 
former times ; from of old ; formerly ; remotely : 
as, to maintain rights ancien fly secured or en- 
joyed. 
With what arms 
We mean to hold what anciently we claim. 
Milton, P. L., v. 723. 
ancientness (an'shent-nes), n. The state or 
quality of being ancient ; antiquity. Dryden. 
High-priest whose temple was the woods, he felt 
Their melancholy grandeur, and the awe 
Their ancientness and solitude beget. 
K. H. Stoddard, Dead Master. 
ancientry (an'shent-ri), n. [< ancient 1 + -ru."} 
1. Ancientness ; antiquity ; qualities peculiar 
to that which is old. 2f. Old people: as, 
"wronging the ancientry," Shak., W. T., iii. 3. 
3f. Ancient lineage ; dignity of birth. 
His father being a gentleman of more ancientry than 
estate. Fuller, Worthies, Durham. 
4. Something belonging or relating to ancient 
times. 
They [the last lines] contain not one word of ancientry. 
West, Letter to Gray. 
ancientyt (an'shen-ti), n, [Early mod. E. aun- 
cientie, ancientie, < ME. ancietite, auneiente, < 
AF. anciente, OF. aneiennete =Pr. ancianetat = 
Sp. ancian idad = It. anzianila, aneianitade, an- 
zianitate, on ML. type *antianita(t-)s, < antiamis, 
ancient: seeoneieniiand-fy.] Age; antiquity; 
ancientness ; seniority. 
Is not the forenamed council of ancienty above a thou- 
sand years ago t Dr. Martin, Marriage of Priests, sig. 1. 21). 
ancile (an-si'le), .; pi. ancilia (an-sil'i-a). [L., 
an oval shield having a semicircular notch at 
each end ; perhaps < an- for ambi-, on both sides 
(cf. anfractuous and see ambi-), + -die, ult. < 
V *skal, *skar, cut: see shear.] The sacred 
shield of Mars, said to have fallen from heaven 
in the reign of Numa, and declared by the 
diviners to be the palladium of Rome so long as 
it should be kept in the city. With eleven other 
ancilia, made in imitation of the original, it was given into 
the custody of the Salii, or priests of Mars, who carried it 
annually in solemn procession through Rome during the 
festival of Mars in the beginning of March. 
Ancilia (an-sil'a), n. [NL., < L. ancilia : see an- 
cille.~\ A genus of mollusks. See Ancillinai. 
ancillary (an'si-la-ri), a. [< L. ancillariSf < an- 
cilla, a maid-servant: see ancitte.] Serving as 
an aid, adjunct, or accessory; subservient; 
auxiliary; supplementary. 
The hero sees that the event is ancillary : it must follow 
him. Emerson, Character. 
In an ancillary work, " The Study of Sociology," I have 
described the various perversions produced in men's judg- 
ments by their emotions. 
H. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., 434. 
Ancillary administration, in law, a local and subordi- 
nate administration of such part of the assets of a dece- 
dent as are found within a state other than that of his 
domicile, and which the law of the state where they are 
found requires to be collected under its authority in order 
that they may be applied first to satisfy the claims of its 
own citizens, instead of requiring the latter to resort to 
the jurisdiction of principal administration to obtain pay- 
ment ; the surplus, after satisfying such claims, being re- 
mitted to the place of principal administration. Ancil- 
lary letters, letters testamentary or of administration 
for the purposes of ancillary administration, granted usu- 
ally to the executor or administrator who has been ap- 
pointed in the place of principal administration. 
