anger 
gcr = Dan. anger, compunction, penitence, re- 
gret; cf. OFries. anijst, ongost = OHG. an- 
guxt, MIIG. inif/cst, G. angst, anxiety, anguish, 
fear, used adjectiyely, anxious, afraid (> Dan. 
angst, n., fear; adj., anxious, afraid; the Ice! . 
iiiit/int, anguish, occurring esp. in theological 
writers, and resting on the ult. related L. an- 
i/iixliii, > E. anguish, q. v.), with different for- 
mative from the same root which appears in 
Icel. ongr, narrow, strait, = AS. ange, onge, 
reg. with umlaut tcnge, engc, narrow, strait, 
also anxious, troubled (cf. in comp. anyxmii. 
narrow, strait, anxious, angsumnes, and angncs, 
anxiety; and cf. angiuegl, E. agnail, q. v.), = 
OS. eugi = OHG. angi, engi, MHG. engc, G. etuj 
= Goth. aggwus, narrow, strait, =Gr. eyyv$, also 
ay %i, adv., near, close, = Skt. a n hu, narrow, 
strait, / a n li, be narrow or distressing, the root 
appearing also in Gr. ayxeiv = L. angere, com- 
press, strangle, choke (> L. angina, compres- 
sion, anxiety, angor, anguish, anxiety, angustux, 
narrow, strait, anxius, anxious, etc. : see angor 
= anger' 2 , angiist, anguish, anxious, etc.), and be- 
ing widely extended in Slavic : OBulg. a n zukii, 
narrow, Russ. uzi, narrow, uzina, a strait, defile, 
etc., OBulg. ve n zati = Bohem. vazati = Euss. 
ryazatf, etc., bind, tie.] If. Grief; trouble; 
distress; anguish. 
For the deth of whiche childe the anger and sorow was 
muche the more. Cotton, Jason, 76b. (N. E. D.) 
2. A revengeful passion or emotion directed 
against one who inflicts a real or supposed 
wrong; "uneasiness or discomposure of mind 
upon the receipt of any injury, with a present 
purpose of revenge," Locke; wrath; ire. 
While therefore the true end of sudden anger is self- 
defence, the true end of resentment is the execution of 
justice against offenders. 
H. N. Oxenham, Short Studies, p. 40. 
The war -storm shakes the solid hills 
Beneath its tread of anger. Whtttier, Our River. 
3. An individual fit of anger; an expression of 
anger, as a threat: in this sense it may be used 
in the plural. 
Thro' light and shadow thou dost range, 
Sudden glances, sweet and strange, 
Delicious spites and darling angers, 
And airy forms of flitting change. 
Tennyson, Madeline. 
4. Pain or smart, as of a sore or swelling. This 
sense is still retained by the adjective. See angry, 8. 
[Obsolete or dialectal.] 
I made the experiment, setting the moxa where the 
first violence of my pain began, and where the greatest 
anger and soreness still continued. Sir W. Temple. 
= Syn. Anger, Vexation, Indignation, Resentment, Wrath, 
Ire, Choler, Rage, Fury, passion, displeasure, dudgeon, 
irritation, gall, bile, spleen. Vexation is the least forcible 
of these words, expressing the annoyance and impatient 
chaflng of one whose mood has been crossed, whose expec- 
tations have not been realized, etc. Indignation may be 
the most high-minded and unselfish ; it is intense feeling 
in view of grossly unworthy conduct, whether toward 
one's self or toward others. The other words denote al- 
most exclusively feeling excited by the sense of personal 
injury. Anger is a sudden violent feeling of displeasure 
over injury, disobedience, etc., accompanied by a retalia- 
tory impulse ; it easily becomes excessive, and its manifes- 
tation is generally accompanied by a loss of self-control. 
Resentment is the broadest in its meaning, denoting the in- 
stinctive and proper recoil of feeling when one is injured, 
and often a deep and bitter brooding over past wrongs, with 
a consequent hatred and settled desire for vengeance ; it 
is, in the latter sense, the coolest and most permanent of 
these feelings. Wrath and ire express sudden feeling of 
great power, and are often associated with the notion of 
the superiority of the person : as, the wrath of Jove, the 
ire of Achilles. They are often the result of wounded 
pride. Ire is poetic. Wrath has also an exalted sense, 
expressive of a lofty indignation visiting justice upon 
wrong-doing. Rage is an outburst of anger, with little 
or no self-control ; fury is even more violent than rage, 
rising almost to madness. The chief characteristic of 
choler is quickness to rise ; it is irascibility, easily break- 
ing into a high degree of resentful feeling. 
"White was her cheek; sharp breaths of anger puff'd 
Her fairy nostril out. Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
One who fails in some simple mechanical action feels 
vexation at his own inability a vexation arising quite 
apart from any importance of the end missed. 
H, Si>encer, Prin. of Psyehol., 517. 
Burning with indignation, and rendered sullen by de- 
spair, . . . they refused to ask their lives at the hands of 
an insulting foe, and preferred death to submission. 
Irving, Indian Character. 
When the injury he resented was a personal one, he 
apologized frankly for his anger, if it had transgressed the 
bounds of Christian indignation ; but, when he was indig- 
nant with falsehood, injustice, or cowardly wrong done to 
another, it was terrible to see his whole face knit itself to- 
gether with u-rath. S. A. Brooke, F. W. Robertson, II. ii. 
To be angry about trifles is mean and childish ; to rage 
and be furious is brutish ; and to maintain perpetual 
n'i-nth is akin to the practice and temper of devils; but to 
prevent and suppress rising resenttnent is wise and glori- 
ous, is manly aud divine. wtttt, 
Mad ire, and wrathful fury, makes me weep. 
Shale., 1 Hen. VI., iv. 3. 
211 
He's rash, and very sudden in chnlfr, and haply may 
strike at you. Shak., Othello, ii. 1. 
For blind with rage she miss'd the plank, and roll'd 
In the river. Ti'imi/mut, Princess, iv. 
Beware the fury of a patient man. 
Drydta, Abs. and Achit., i. 1005. 
anger 1 (ang'ger), v. [< ME. angren, angeren, 
pain, trouble, vex, < Icel. angra = Sw. Angra = 
Dan. angre, in similar sense ; from the noun.] 
I. trans. If. To grieve ; trouble ; distress ; afflict. 
2f. To make painful; cause to smart; in- 
flame; irritate: as, to anger an ulcer. Bacon. 
3. To excite to anger or wrath ; rouse resent- 
ment in. 
There were some late taxes and impositions introduced, 
which rather angered than grieved the people. 
Clarendon. 
The lips of young orangs and chimpanzees are protrud- 
ed, sometimes to a wonderful degree. . . . They act thus, 
not only when slightly angered, sulky, or disappointed, 
but when alarmed at anything. 
Danmn, Express, of Emotions, p. 140. 
= Syn. To irritate, chafe, provoke, vex, enrage, exasperate, 
infuriate. 
II. intrans. To become angry. [Rare.] 
When neebors anger at a plea, 
And just as wud as wild can be, 
How easy can the barley bree 
Cement the quarrel ! 
Burns, Scotch Drink. 
anger 2 t, An occasional spelling of angor. 
angerly (ang'ger-li), a. [< angeri + -iWj = 
Icel. angrligr, sad. The adv. is much older: 
see angerly, adv.'] Inclined to anger. Byron. 
[Now poetic.] 
angerly (ang'ger-li), adv. [< ME. angerliche, 
angerly, angrely, < anger + -liche, -ly 2 . Cf. an- 
grily.'] In an angry manner ; angrily. [Now 
poetic.] 
Nay, do not look angerly. 
B. Jonson, Bartholomew Fair, i. 1. 
If my lips should dare to kiss 
Thy taper fingers amorously, 
Again thou blushest angerly. 
Tennyson, Madeline. 
angernesst (ang'ger-nes), n. [ME. ; cf. angri- 
ness.~] The state of being angry. 
Hail, innocent of angerness. 
MS. cited by T. Warton, Hist. Eng. Poetry. 
Angevin, Angevine (an'je-vin, -vin), a. [F. 
(cfT ML. Andecavensis), < Anjou, < L. Andecavi, a 
Gallic tribe, also called Andes.'] Pertaining to 
Anjou, a former western province of France: 
specifically applied (a) to the royal family of 
England reigning from 1154 to 1485, the Plan- 
tagenets, descendants of Geoffrey V., Count of 
Anjou, and Matilda, daughter of Henry I. of 
England ; (6) to the period of English history 
from 1154 to the death of Richard II. in 1399, or, 
according to others, to the loss of Normandy, 
Anjou, Maine, etc., in 1204. The contending 
houses of York and Lancaster were both of the 
Angevin race. Angevin architecture, the architec- 
ture of Anjou ; specifically, the school of medieval archi- 
tecture developed in the province of Anjou. It is charac- 
terized especially by the system of vaulting in which the 
vault over each bay is so much raised in the middle as 
practically to constitute a low dome. 
angica-WOOd (an-je'ka-wud), re. Same as can- 
jica-viood. 
angiectasia (an"ji-ek-ta'si-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ayyelov, a vessel, + t/craovf, extension, < eKTeiveiv 
= L. exten-d-ere, extend : see extend.'] Enlarge- 
ment of the capillaries and other small blood- 
vessels of some portions of the body. 
angiectasis (an-ji-ek'ta-sis), w. Same as an- 
giectasia. 
a'ngienchyma (an-ji-eng'ki-ma), . [NL., < Gr. 
ayyelov, vessel, + eyxvfta, infusion : see paren- 
chyma.'] In bot., vascular tissue in general. 
angiitis (an-ji-1'tis). n. [NL., < Gr. ayyelov, a 
vessel, + -itis. ] Inflammation of a blood-vessel. 
angili-WOOd (an'ji-li-wud), n. [< Tamil angili 
+ E. wood 1 .'] The timber of a large evergreen 
tree of southern India, Artocarpushirsuta, which 
is considered nearly equal to teak in ship-build- 
ing and for other purposes. Also spelled a- 
gely-wood. See Artocarpus. 
angina (an-ji'na, or, more correctly, an'ji-na), n. 
[NL., < L. angina, quinsy, lit. strangling, chok- 
ing (cf. Gr. ayxovri, strangling), < angere (= Gr. 
a YX etv )> strangle, choke : see anger 1 and angor. ,] 
1. Inpathol., any inflammatory affection of the 
throat or fauces, as quinsy, severe sore throat, 
croup, mumps, etc. 2. Angina pectoris (which 
see, below) Angina Ludovici, acute suppurative in- 
flammation of the connective tissue about the submaxil- 
lary gland : so called from a German physician named 
Ludwig (Latin Ludovicu-s), who first fully described it- 
Angina maligna (malignant angina), primary gangrene 
of the ribaryngeal mucous membrane, originating inde- 
pendently of any other disease, such as diphtheria or scar- 
let fever. Also called angina ganyrenosa, cynanche ma- 
angioscope 
E, and iit/-iii *"/<' tfiruat. Angina pectoris (spasm 
of the chest), a disease characterized by paroxysms of ex- 
tremely acute constricting pain, felt generally in the lower 
part of the sternum ;UK| extending over the chest and 
down the arm. The pathology is obscure, but in a large 
number of cases there seems to be some form of weakness 
of the heart, combined with a liability to attacks of gen- 
eral arterial spasm. 
anginal (an'ji-nal), a. Pertaining to angina. 
anginoid (an'ji-noid), . [< angina + -oid.~] 
Resembling angina. 
anginose (an'ji-nos), a. [< angina + -ose.'] 
Pertaining to angina, or to angina pectoris. 
Anginose scarlatina, scarlatina in which tne inflamma- 
tion of the throat is severe. 
anginOUS (an'ji-nus), a. Same as anginose. 
angio-. [NL. angio-, < Gr. ayyeio-, combining 
form of ayyelov, a case, a capsule, a vessel of 
the body, a vessel of any kind, < ayy of, a vessel.] 
An element of many scientific compound words, 
signifying vessel, usually with reference to the 
vessels of the body. Less properly angeio-. 
angiocarpian (an"ji-o-kar'pi-an), n. [As angio- 
carpous + -tare.] An angiocarpous plant. 
angiocarpous (an"ji-o-kar'pus), a. [<NL. an- 
giocarpns, < Gr. ayyelov, a capsule, a case, a 
vessel of the body, a vessel of any kind (< ayyof, 
a vessel of any kind), ,4- napvix;, fruit.] In bot. : 
(o) Having a fruit inclosed within a distinct 
covering, as the filbert within its husk. (6) 
Having the receptacle closed, as in gastromv- 
cetous fungi, or opening only by a pore, as in 
pyrenomycetous fungi and some lichens. 
angiocholitis (an"ji-o-ko-li'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ayyelov, a vessel, + XA'/, gall, 4- -itis.] Inflam- 
mation of the gall-ducts. 
angiograph (an'ji-6-graf), n. [< Gr. ayyelov, a 
vessel, + -ypd<po, \ ypafetv, write.] A form of 
sphygmograph devised by Landois. 
angiography (an-ji-og'ra-fi), n. [< Gr. ayyelov, 
a vessel, 4- -ypoQia, < ypafaiv, write, describe.] 
1. In anat., a description of the blood-vessels 
and lymphatics. 2. A description of the im- 
plements, vessels, weights, measures, etc., in 
use in any country. [Bare.] 
angioleucitis (an"ji-o-lu-si'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ayyelov, a vessel, 4- /UtvcoV, white, 4- -itis.J In- 
flammation of the lymphatic vessels. 
angiology (an-ji-ol'6-ji), n. [< Gr. ayyelov, a 
vessel, + -Aoyia, < Myeiv, speak: see -ology."] 
That portion of anatomy and physiology 
which deals with the bloodvessels and lym- 
phatics. 
angioma (an-ji-6'ma), n. ; pl.angiomata (-ma-ta). 
[NL., < Gr. ayyelov,"a. vessel, 4- -oma.~] A tumor 
produced by the enlargement or new formation 
of blood-vessels. 
angiomatOUS (an-ji-om'a-tus), a. [< angioma(t-) 
+ -OMS.] Characterized by or pertaining to an- 
gioma. 
angiomonospermous (an " ji - o - mon - o - sper '- 
mus), a. [C NL. angiomonospermm, < Gr. ay- 
yelov, a vessel, + u6vof, alone (see mono-), + 
o-rrepua, seed: see sperm."] In bot., producing 
one seed only in a pod. N. E. D. 
angioneurosiS (an"ji-o-nu-r6'sis), . [NL., < 
Gr. ayyelov, a vessel, +' veiipov, a nerve, + -osis.] 
In pathol., morbid vaso-motor action, brought 
on independently of any perceptible lesion, 
whether this involves an abnormal temporary 
or lasting contraction of the vessels of the part 
(angiospasm) or a relaxation (angioparesis). 
The term is not always restricted to functional affections, 
but is also sometimes applied to cases in which there is a 
gross or evident lesion of the nerves, spinal cord, or brain, 
which produces these vaso-motor disturbances. 
angioneurotic (an"ji-o-nu-rot'ik), a. [See an- 
gioneurosia.~] Dependent on or pertaining to 
the innervation of the blood-vessels. 
angioparalysis (an"ji-o-pa-ral'i-sis), . [NL-i 
< Gr. ayyelov, a vessel, 4- Kapdhvaif, paralysis.] 
Paralysis of the muscular coat of the blood- 
vessels. 
angioparesis (an"ji-o-par'e-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ayyelov, a vessel, + irapeaif, paralysis : see pare- 
sis.] Partial paralysis of the muscular layer 
of the walls of blood-vessels. 
angiosarcoma (an"ji-o-sar-k6'ma) ; n. ; pi. an- 
giosarcomata (-ma-ta). [NL.,<Gr. ayyelov, aves- 
sel, 4- aapKuua, sarcoma.] A sarcoma, or tumor, 
in which the blood-vessels assume importance 
from their number, size, and relation to the 
structure of the tumor. Angiosarcoma myxoma- 
todes, a sarcoma, or tumor, in which the walls of the 
vessels and the tissue immediately surrounding them un- 
dergo mucous degeneration. To this form the name cylin- 
droma is often applied. 
angioscope (an'ji-o-skop), . [< Gr. ayyelov, a 
vessel, 4- O-KOTTCW, view, examine.] An instru- 
ment for examining the capillary vessels of ani- 
mals and plants. 
