angiosis 
angiosis (au-ji-6'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. ayyeiov, a 
vessel, + -osf's.] Any disease of a blood-vessel. 
angiospasm (an'ji-o-spazm), n. [< Gr. ayyeiov, 
a vessel, -t- a-naaiia, anaa/im;, spasm.] Spasm of 
the muscular wall of a blood-vessel. 
angiosperm (an'ji-o-sperm), n. [< NL. aiii/iu- 
spermus, < Gr. ayyeiov, a vessel, + airip/ia, seed. 
Cf. Gr. evayyei6cmep[w<;, also fvayyeioaTripfiarof, 
angiospermous (< ev, in, etc.).] A plant whose 
seeds are contained in a protecting seed-vessel. 
The term aiy/iosperins is applied to the larger of the two 
divisions of exogens, in distinction from the yymnotperm* 
(Coniferce, Cycadacete, etc.), the smaller division, in which 
the ovules and seeds are naked. 
angiospermal (an"ji-o-sper'mal), a. Same as 
angiosperm o us. 
angiospermatous (an* ji-o-spfer'ma-tus), a. 
Same as angioxpermous. 
Angiospermia (an*ji-o-sper'mi-a), n. pi. [NL., 
< angiospcrmus : gee angiosperm.] In hot., the 
second order of the Linnean class Didynamia, 
having numerous seeds inclosed in an obvious 
seed-vessel, as in Digitalis. The corresponding Oym- 
nospermia of the same class included genera with ache- 
nium-like divisions of the pericarp, as in the Labiatte, 
which were mistaken for naked seeds. 
angiospermous (an"ji-o-sper'mus), a. [< NL. 
angiospermus : see angiosperm.] Having seeds 
inclosed in a seed-vessel, as the poppy, the rose, 
and most flowering plants : opposed to gymno- 
spermous, or naked-seeded-. Equivalent forms 
are angiospermal and angiospermatous. 
angiosporous (an*ji-os'po-rus),n. [< NL. angio- 
sporus, < Gr. ayj'f lov, a vessel, + airdpof, a seed : 
see spore.] In bot., having the spores inclosed 
in a hollow receptacle : applied to such fungi 
as Lycoperdon. 
Angiostomata (an'ji-o-sto'ma-ta), n.pl. [NL.. 
neut. pi. ot angiostomatus : see angiostomatous.] 
1 . A suborder of ophidians, comprising serpents 
in which the mouth is not dilatable, and which 
are provided with anal spurs. .There are two 
families, CytindropMd<e and Uropeltidw. 2. In 
conch., an artificial group of univalve gastro- 
pods whose shell has a narrow or contracted 
aperture, as cassidids, strombids, conids, oli- 
vids, cyprseids, and others. Also written, cor- 
ruptly, Angystomata, and originally Angyosto- 
mata by De Blainville, 1818. 
angiostomatous (an'ji-o-sto'ma-tus), a. [< NL. 
angiostomatus, < Gr. ayyeiov, a vessel, jar (but 
L. angere, compress, is appar. intended), + 
aToua(T-), mouth.] 1. Having a narrow, that 
is, not dilatable, mouth : said specifically of 
serpents of the suborder Angiostomata. 2. In 
conch., having a narrow mouth or opening, as 
the shell in Oliva and Conus, 
angiostomous (an'ji-os'to-mus), a. [< NL. aw- 
giostomus, equiv. to angiostomatus: see angio- 
stomatous.] Same as angiostomatous. 
angiotomy (an-ji-ot'o-mi), n. [< Gr. ayyeiov, a 
vessel, + TO/JJJ, a cutting, < re/iveiv, Tapeiv, cut. Cf . 
anatomy.] In anat., dissection of the lym- 
phatics and blood-vessels. 
angle 1 (ang'gl), . [< ME. angle, angel, angil, < 
AS. angel, angul, ongul, a hook, fish-hook (= OS. 
angul = OD. angel, angliel, a hook, fish-hook, 
sting, awn, beard (of grain), D. angel = LG. 
angel, a hook, = OHG. angul, MHG. G. angel, a 
hook, fish-hook, sting, point, hinge (cf.OD. han- 
gel, hanghel, hengel, a hook, a hinge, D. hengel, 
an angling-rod, G. dial, iidngel, a hook, ear, 
joint, these forms and senses being in part those 
of a different word, cognate with E. hinge : see 
hinge, hang), = Ieel. ongull, a hook, = Dan. Sw. 
angel, a hook), with formative -el, -ul, < anga, 
onga (rare, and only in glosses), a sting, = OHG. 
ango, a sting, hinge, MHG. ange, a fish-hook, 
hinge, = Icel. angi, a sting, spine, prickle, = 
Norw. ange, angje, a prong, jag, tooth. The ear- 
liest notion seems to have been 'pointed,' but 
the word also involved the notion of ' bent,' per- 
haps from a different source; of. Gr. ayxv^of, 
bent, crooked, curved, = L. angulus for *anculus, 
a corner, angle ; Gr. oynof, a hook, barb, angle, 
= L. uneus, a hook; bent, curved: see Angle'*, 
angle 9 , ankylosis, uncous.] 1. A fishing-hook: 
often in later use extended to include the line 
or tackle, and even the rod. [Now rare.] 
Give me mine angle, we'll to the river. 
Shale., A. and C., ii. 5. 
2f. One who or that which catches by strata- 
gem or deceit. 
A woman ia bytterer than death, . . . for she is a very 
anyle, hir hert is a nett. Coverdale, tr. of Eccles. vii. 26. 
3f. [From the verb.] The act of angling. 
angle 1 (ang'gl), v.-. pret. and pp. angled, ppr. 
angling. [< late ME. angle, OD. angelen, D. hen- 
212 
qclcn = G. angeln = Dau. angle; from the noun.] 
1. intrans. 1. To fish with an angle, or with 
hook and line. 
When the weather 
Serves to angle in the brook, 
I will bring a silver hook. 
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. -1. 
The lawyer In the pauses of the storm 
Went angling down the Saco. 
tt'fu'ttier, Bridal of Pennacook. 
2. To try by artful means to catch or win over 
a person or thing, or to elicit an opinion : com- 
monly with for. 
By this face, 
This seeming brow of justice, did he win 
The hearts of all that he did angle for. 
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., iv. 3. 
II. trans. 1. To fish (a stream). 2t. To fish 
for or try to catch, as with an angle or hook. 
He angled the people's hearts. Sir P. Sidney. 
3f. To lure or entice, as with bait. 
You have anijled me on with much pleasure to the 
thatch'd house. /. Walton, Complete Angler, i. 
Angle 2 (ang'gl), n. [In mod. use only as a his- 
torical term; < L. Anglos, usually in pi. Angli 
(first in Tacitus), repr. the OTeut. form found 
in AS. Angle, Ongle, JEngle, reg. Engle, pi. (in 
comp. Angel-, Ongel-), the .people of Angel, An- 
gol, Angul, Ongul (= Icel. Ongull), a district of 
what is now Schleswig-Holstein, said to be so 
named from angel, angul, ongul, a hook, in ref. 
to its shape: see angle^. Hence Anglo-, Anglo- 
Saxon, English, q. v.] One of a Teutonic tribe 
which in the earliest period of its recorded his- 
tory dwelt in the neighborhood of the district 
now called Angeln, in Schleswig-Holstein, and 
which in the fifth century and later, accom- 
panied by kindred tribes, the Saxons, Jutes, 
and Frisians, crossed over to Britain and colo- 
nized the greater part of it. The Angles were the 
most numerous of these settlers, and founded the three 
kingdoms of East Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria. From 
them the entire country derived its name England, the 
" land of the Angles." See Anglian, Anglo-Saxon, and 
English. 
angle 3 (ang'gl), n. [< ME. angle, aungel, some- 
times angule, < OF. angle = Pr. angle = Sp. Pg. 
angulo, It. angolo, < L. angulus, a corner, an 
angle, prob. orig. "anculus (cf. ancus, bent, 
crooked) = Gr. ayu'v^Mf, bent, crooked, curved, 
connected with ayn&v, the bend of the arm, 
the elbow (see ancon), aynof, a glen, dell (prop, 
a bend, hollow), OJKOJ-, a hook, barb, angle, = 
L. uncus, bent, curved, a hook (see tincous); 
all appar. < -y/ *an1c, bend (appearing also in 
Gr. ayxvpa, > L. ancora, > E. anker 1 , anchor^), 
Skt. yanch, bend, and prob. connected with the 
Teut. group represented by angle 1 : see angle 1 .] 
1. The difference in direction of two intersect- 
ing lines ; the space included between two in- 
tersecting lines ; the figure or projection formed 
by the meeting of two lines ; a corner. In geom., 
a plane angle is one formed by two lines, straight or curved, 
which meet in a plane ; a rectilinear angle, one formed by 
two straight lines. The point where the lines meet is 
called the vertex of the angle, or the angular point, and 
the lines which contain the angle are called its fides or 
/.'/*. The magnitude of the angle does not depend upon 
the length of the lines which form it, but merely on their 
relative positions. It is measured by the length of a circu- 
lar arc of unit radius having for its center the vertex of 
Fig. i. 
the angle, or point of intersection of the sides. Thus, the 
angle FEA, flg. 1, is measured by 32 degrees of the cir- 
cumference, or the arc AF. Angular magnitudes are also 
expressed in yuadfUHtt of four to the circumference, in 
hours of six to the quadrant, in sexagesimal degrees of 90 
to the quadrant, (rarely) in centesimal degrees of 100 to the 
quadrant, etc. The arc whose length is equal to the ra- 
dius subtends an angle of 57' 17' 44". 8 nearly. Theoreti- 
cally, the measure of an angle is the logarithm of the anhar- 
monic ratio made by the two sides with the two tangents 
to the absolute intersecting at the vertex. Angles receive 
different names, according to their magnitude, their con- 
struction, their position, etc. When one straight line in- 
angle 
tersects another BO as to make the four angles so formed 
equal, these angles are called right angles, and each is 
measured by an arc equal to one fourth of a circumfer- 
ence, or 90 degrees. Thus, ACD, fig. 2, is a right angle. 
An angle which is less than a n-M 
angle is acute, as ACE. All 06- 
tuxe angle is one which is greater 
than a right angle, as ECB. A<-nt,' 
and obtuse angles are hoth called 
ttblique, in opposition to ri-jht an- 
gles. A eitrrilini'iir angle is formed 
Iiy the meeting of the tangents to 
two curved lines at their point of 
intersection. Adjacent or contiint- 
otw angles are such as have one leg 
common to hoth angles, both to- 
Fig. z. 
gether being equal to two right angles. Thus, in flg. 2, 
ACE and ECB are adjacent angles. Conjugate angles are 
two angles having a common vertex and common legs, 
one being concave, the other convex. A straight angle is 
an angle of l.so . A rejtex angle is the same as a convex 
angle. (See conjugate angle*, above.) Exterior, external, or 
" iitn.'uni angles are the angles of any rectilinear figure with- 
out it, made by producing one of the sides at each vertex, 
the angles formed within the figure being called interior 
angles. When one line intersects a pair of lines in a plane, 
of the eight angles so formed, those which are between 
the pair are called interior, those without exterior. Of 
the interior angles, a pair for different sides of the inter- 
secting line, and at different intersected lines, are called 
alternate (which see). See radian. 
Hence 2. An angular projection ; a project- 
ing corner : as, the angles of a building. 3. In 
astrol., the 1st, 4th T 7th, or 
10th house. 4. In ., same 
Sisangulus. 5. In her., a charge 
representing a narrow band 
or ribbon bent in an angle. 
[Rare.] Angle Of action, in gear- 
ing, the angle of revolution during 
which a tooth remains in contact. 
Angle of commutation. See com- 
mutation. Angle of 
Two Angles saltire- CODtaCt. See Con- 
wise Interlaced, 
of Heraldry." ) ometry. Angle Of 
crushing, inphysies. 
the angle which the fractured surface of 
a crushed pillar makes with the axis of 
the pillar. It is constant for any given 
material. Angle of curvature, the < 
angle which measures the rate of diver- ACS Angle of 
gence of a curve from a tangent to it at ' Crushing. 
a given point. It is the angle included 
between the tangent and an infinitesimal portion of the 
curve. Angle of defense, in fort., the angle formed by 
the meeting of the line of defense with the line of the flank ; 
the angle formed by producing the faces of the bastion. 
Angle of departure, in ordnance, the angle which a line 
passing through the sights of a gun and the target makes 
with the tangent to the trajectory of the projectile as it 
leaves the gun. This angle differs from the angle of eleva- 
tion in consequence of the muzzle being thrown up when 
the gun is discharged, and, when there is windage, because 
of the rebound of the shot from the sides of the bore near 
the muzzle. Angle of depression. See deprextrian. 
Angle Of descent, in ordnance, the angle which a tangent 
tothe trajectory of the projectile makes with the horizontal 
plane passing through the point of first graze or the point 
of impact. Angle Of direction, in meek., an angle con- 
tained by the lines of direction of two conspiring forces. 
Angle Of divergence, in bot., the angle between two 
successive leaves on the same stem. It is expressed as a 
fraction of the circumference of the stem, which is sup- 
posed to be a circle. Angle of draft, for vehicles or 
heavy bodies, the angle which the line of direction of the 
pulling force makes with the plane over which the body is 
drawn. Angle of elevation, Incidence, inclination, 
polarization, position, reflection, and refraction. 
See elevation, etc. Angle of repose, the greatest angle 
of obliquity of pressurebetween two planes which is con- 
sistent with stability, as of a weight upon an inclined 
plane : its tangent is the coefficient of friction. Some- 
times called the angle of friction. Specifically, in arch., 
the angle at which the voussoirs of an arch cease to have 
any tendency to slip, or to exert any thrust on the abut- 
ment. Ronde let's experiments with well-wrought sur- 
faces give angles ranging from 28 to 36. Angles Of 
Segond. See craniometry. Angle Of sight, in ord- 
nance, the angle between a line drawn through the axis of 
the bore and a line drawn from the rear of the base-ring 
to the swell of the muzzle or to the top of the sight. 
Angle Of the jaw, in anat., the point at which the verti- 
cal ninder edge of the ramus meets the horizontal inferior 
border. Angle of weather, the angle at which the sail 
of a windmill is set. Basilar angle. See craniometry. 
Carpal angle. See carpal. Characteristic angle of 
a Curve. See characteristic. Chord Of an angle. See 
chord. Clearance angle, in ordnance, the angle which a 
straight line, passing through the topsof the tangent-scale, 
dispart-sight, and muzzle-notch, makes with a line paral- 
lel to the axis of the piece. It varies with the position of 
the dispart-sight and the taper of the gun. Coracoscap- 
ular angle. See coracoscapular. Coronofacial angle 
Of Gratiolet. See craniometry. Cranial angle. See 
craniometry. Critical angle, in optic*, the limiting 
angle of incidence which separates the totally reflected 
rays from those which (at least partially) escape into air. 
Taft, Light, 117, Dead angle, the space between a 
fortification and the nearest point which can be reached 
by the fire of its defenders. Within this space an assail- 
ant is safe, as the missiles from the fortification pass over 
his head. Also called dead space. Dihedral angle. 
See dihedral. Eccentric angle. See eccentric. Facial 
angle, frontal angle. See craniometry. Genal angle. 
See genal. Hour angle, in axtron., the angle between the 
meridian of a star and the meridian of the zenith, mea- 
sured from the latter toward the west, and usually express- 
ed in hours and fractions of an hour. Metafacial angle, 
nasobasal angle, occipital angle, parietal angle. See 
