anguish 
yuise, anyuis, anyuixKi; aiigoise, angus, etc., < 
OF. angmsse, angoisse, mod. F. angoisse = Pr. 
anyoissa = OS]), aiif/oxa (Sp. Pg. angustia) = 
It. angoscia, anguish, < L. angustia, straitness, 
naiTowness, in class. L. usually in pi. uni/nx- 
tice, a defile, strait, fig. straits, distress, diffi- 
culty, scarcity, want, poverty, < anyustus, strait, 
narrow, difficult (cf . Goth, aggwus = AS. ange, 
enge, etc., strait, narrow), < angere = Gi. ayxew, 
choke, strangle, stifle : see angust, anyor, and 
anger 1 .] 1. Excruciating or agonizing pain of 
either body or mind ; acute suffering or distress. 
But they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit. 
and for cruel bondage. Ex. vi. D. 
When pain and anguish wring the brow, 
A ministering angel thou. Scott, Marroion, vi. 30. 
In the sternest of his [Achilles 's] acts, we read only the 
anguish of his grief. De Quincey, Homer, iii. 
2. An overwhelming emotion. [Rare.] 
He cried in an anguish of delight and gratitude. 
Thackeray, Vanity Fair. 
= Sy n. Agony, A iig-uish, Pang, etc. See agony and grief. 
anguish (ang'gwish), v. t. [< ME. anguyschen, 
angwishen, earlier anguisen, anguissen, < OF. 
angoisser, anguisser=Pr. anyoissar=Sp. Pg. an- 
gustiar = lt. angosciare; from the noun.] To 
distress with excruciating pain or grief. 
I wish thou hadst not alighted so hastily and roughly ; 
it hath shaken down a sheaf of thy hair ; take heed thou 
sit not upon it, lest it anguish thee. 
Landor, Leofric and Godiva, p. 61. 
anguished (ang'gwisht), p. a. [Early mod. E. 
also anguisht, < ME. anguished.] Affected by 
anguish; expressing or caused by anguish. 
On thy cold forehead starts the anguished dew. 
Coleridge, Death of Chatterton. 
anguishoust, . [Early mod. E., and mod. dial., 
< ME. anguishous, angwwshous, earlier anguys- 
sous, angwisous, anguisuse, angussus, < OF. an- 
guissus, angussus, later angoisseux (Cotgrave) = 
Pr. angoissos = Sp. Pg. angustioso = It. angosci- 
oso, < ML. angustiosus, (. L. angustia : see anguish 
and -ous.] Full of anguish ; attended with an- 
guish. Chaucer. 
angular (ang'gu-liir), a. [< L. angularis, < an- 
gulus, an angle: see angle 3 .] 1. Having an 
angle or angles ; having corners ; pointed : as, 
an angular figure ; an angular piece of rock ; 
angular writing (that is, with the turns sharply 
pointed instead of curved). 2. Consisting of 
an angle; forming an angle: as, an angular 
point. 3. Measured by an angle ; subtending 
an angle ; having a divergence expressed in de- 
grees, minutes, and seconds: as, angular dis- 
tance; angular velocity. 4. Of persons: (a) 
Having or exhibiting protuberances of joint or 
limb ; acting or moving awkwardly or as if in 
angles. 
He is anyiilar in his movements, and rather tall. 
F. M. Crawford, Paul Patoff, viii. 
(6) Stiff in manner ; cranky ; crotchety ; un- 
bending Angular advance of an eccentric, the 
angle which measures the arc described by the center of 
the eccentric in moving from its position at a half stroke 
to that which it occupies at the commencement of the 
stroke of the piston. Angular aperture of lenses. 
See aperture. Angular artery, in aiiat., the facial ar- 
tery which passes near the angle of the jaw, and finally 
near the inner angle of the eye ; especially, this latter por- 
tion of its course. Angular belting, belting having a 
trapezoidal section and used with a grooved pulley. It is 
employed, because of its great adhesion, where a narrow 
belt or considerable traction is desired. The heavier belts 
of this class are made by fastening blocks of leather or 
other suitable material, shaped like truncated pyramids, 
to the inner face of a strong carrier-belt. Angular bone, 
a bone situated at or near the angle of the mandible of 
lower vertebrates. Angular capital, an incorrect term 
for angle-capital. Angular chain-belt, a chain fitted to 
run over a V-shaped pulley. In some forms flat links 
are covered with leather, which bears against the sides of 
the groove ; in others there are long links with wooden 
blocks wedged into them, whose ends form the bearing 
surfaces; these links al- 
ternate with shorter ones 
which serve merely as 
connections. Angular 
distance. See distance. 
Angular gearing, in 
inach., toothed wheels of 
irregular outline, used in 
transmitting variable mo- 
tervals, in astron., those arcs of the equator which 
are intercepted between circles of declination passing 
through the objects observed. They are measured by 
means of the transit instrument and clock. Angular 
motion, ia physics,ttie motion of any body which moves 
about a fixed or relatively fixed point : as, the angular 
motion of a pendulum or a planet : so called because such 
motion is measured by the angle contained between lines 
drawn from the fixed point to the successive positions uf 
the moving body. Angular oscillation. See oscitfa- 
(wm. Angular perspective, in drairing, that kind of 
perspective in which neither of the sides of the principal 
object is parallel to the plane of the picture, and therefore, 
216 
in the representation, the horizontal lines of both con- 
verge to vanishing-points. Also called oljliijuf pcrsyecliw. 
-Angular processes, in auat., the orbital processes of 
the frontal bone near the angles of the eye. The external 
angular process is sometimes called the htgal process. See 
cut under skull. Angular sections, Unit part of mathe- 
matics which treats of the division of angles into equal 
parts. Angular vein, in anat., the part of the facial 
vein which accompanies the angular artery. Angular 
velocity, in Hiech., the angle which a line perpendicular 
to the axis of rotation sweeps through in a given unit of 
time ; the speed or rate of revolution of a revolving body: 
usually expressed in circular measure (which see, under 
BMMUnX 
angularity (ang-gu-lar'i-ti), w. ; pi. angularities 
(-tiz). [C angular + -ity.] The quality of being 
angular in any sense ; an angular detail or 
characteristic. 
No doubt there are a few men who can look beyond the 
husk or shell of a fellow-being his angularities, awk- 
wardness, or eccentricity to the hidden qualities within. 
W. Matthews, Getting on in the World, p. 142. 
angularly (ang'gu-lar-li), adv. In an angular 
manner ; with angle's or corners. 
angularness (ang'gu-lSr-nes), n. The quality 
of being angular. 
angulate (ang'gu-lat), v. t. ; pret. and pp. an- 
gulated, ppr. angulating. [< L. angulatus, made 
angular (cf. LL. angulare, make angular), < an- 
gulus, angle : see angle 3 .] To make angular or 
angulate. 
angulate (ang'gu-lat), a. [< L. angulatus : see 
the verb.] Formed with angles or corners ; of 
an angular form; angled; cornered: as, angu- 
late stems, leaves, petioles, etc. 
angulated (ang'gu-la-ted), p. a. Same as an- 
gulate, a.: as, "angulated fore-wings," H. O. 
Forbes, Eastern Archipelago, p. 274. 
angulately (ang'gu-lat-li), adv. In an angulate 
manner; with angles or corners. 
angulation (ang-gu-la'shqn), n. [< angulate.'] 
A formation of angles ; the state of being an- 
gulated. 
angulato-gibbous (ang-gu-la-to-gib'us), a. [< 
L. angulatus, angulate, + LL. gibbosus, gib- 
bous.] Gibbous with an angulate tendency. 
N. E. D. 
angulato-sinuous (ang-gu-la-to-sin'u-us), a. 
KL. angulatus, angulate. 4- sinuosus, sinuous.] 
binuous or winding with the curves angled. 
N. E. D. 
anguli, n. Plural of angulus. 
anguliferous (ang-gu-lif 'e-rus), a. [< L. angu- 
lus, an angle, + ferre = E. bear 1 .] In conch., 
having the last whorl angulated. Craig, 1847. 
angulinerved (ang'gu-li-nervd), a. [<! L. an- 
gulus, an angle, + nervum, nerve, + -ed?.] In 
bot., having nerves which diverge at an angle 
from the midnerve, often branching repeatedly 
by subdivision, as in most exogenous plants; 
feather- veined : applied to leaves. 
Angulirostres (ang'gu-li-ros'trez), n. pi. 
[NL., < L. angulus, an angle, + rostrum, beak.] 
In Blyth's classification of birds (1849)j a 
superfamily group of his Halcyoides, including 
the todies and jacamars, or the two families 
Todidce and Galbulidw. 
angulo-dentate (ang*gu-16-den'tat), a. [< L. 
angulus, angle, + dentatus, toothed: see den- 
tate.] Angularly toothed. 
angulometer (ang-gu-lom'e-ter), n. [< L. an- 
gulus, angle, + Gr. /itrpov, measure.] An in- 
strument for measuring external angles ; a 
goniometer. It has various forms. See cut 
under goniometer. 
angulose (ang'gu-los), a. [< L. angulosus, < 
angulus, an angle.] Full of angles; angu- 
lous. 
angulosity (ang-gu-los'i-ti), re. ; pi. angulosities 
(-tiz). [< angulose + -ity.] The state or qual- 
ity of being angulous or angular ; angularity. 
anguloso-gibbous (ang-gu-16-so-gib'us), a. 
Same as angulato-gibbous. 
angulous (ang'gu-lus), a. [= F. anguleux, for- 
merly angleux, = It. angoloso, < L. angulosus, 
full of angles: see angulose.] Angular; hav- 
ing corners ; hooked ; forming an angle. 
Held together by hooks and anyulous involutions. 
Glanville, Seep. Sci., vii. 37. 
angulus (ang'gu-lus), n. ; pi. anguli (-li). [L. : 
see angle 3 .] 1. In anat., an angle: used in 
phrases like angulus oris, the corner of the 
mouth; angulus mandibula', the angle of the 
mandible or lower jaw-bone ; angulus costat, the 
angle of a rib. 2. [cap.] [NL.] A genus of 
mollusks. 
angustt (ang-gusf), a. [< F. anguste (Cotgrave), 
< L. angustus, strait, narrow, contracted, small, 
< angere, compress, strangle : see anguish, angor, 
and anger 1 .] Narrow; strait. Burton. 
anhidrosis 
angUStatet (ang-gus'tat), . t. ; pret. and pp. 
aiiyusttth-d, ppr. iiHi/iixtating. [<L. angustatux, 
pp. of iiHgtixtare, straiten, narrow, < tiiiyiixtus, 
narrow : see angust. ] To make narrow ; strait- 
en; contract. 
angUState (ang-gus'tat), a. [< L. <iiiyuxlitln.i. 
pp. : see the verb. ] Narrowed ; straitened. 
angustation (ang-gus-ta'shou), n. [< aiiynx- 
tate.] The act of making angustate or narrow ; 
a straitening or narrowing down. 
angusticlave (ang-gus'ti-klav), H. [< L. an- 
yiixtielariug, adj., wearing a narrow purple 
stripe, < anyustus, narrow, + clarus, a nail, a 
knob, a purple stripe on the tunic : see clavus.] 
A narrow purple stripe or band reaching from 
the shoulder to the bottom of the tunic on each 
side, worn regularly by members of the Roman 
equestrian order, and sometimes by those of in- 
ferior rank who had the means to provide it. 
It was woven in the fabric, and is rarely indi- 
cated in sculpture. 
angustifoliate (ang-gus-ti-fo'li-at), a. [< NL. 
aiiyus/ifoliatus, < ii.angustus, narrow, +foliatus, 
leaved, < folium, leaf: see folio.] In bot., nar- 
row-leaved. 
angustirostrate (ang-gus-ti-ros'trat), a. [< NL. 
angustirostratus, < L. angustus, narrow, + ros- 
tratus, beaked, < rostrum, beak.] In zool., hav- 
ing a narrow, slender, or (especially) com- 
pressed beak: opposed to latirostrate. 
Angustura bark. See Angostura baric, under 
bark 2 . 
angwantibo (ang-gwan-te'bo), n. [Native 
name.] The slow lemur of Old Calabar, Arc- 
tocebus calabarensis, of the subfamily Nyctice- 
biwe, related to the potto, and by some referred 
to the genus PerodictlCUS. The tail is rudimentary ; 
the inner digits of both feet are opposable as thumbs, the 
index digit is rudimentary, and the second digit of the 
hind foot terminates in a claw, the rest of the digits hav- 
ing flat nails. The pelage is thick and woolly, of a brown- 
ish color, paler or whitish below. 
anhangt (an-hang'), v. t. [< ME. anhangeti, 
a n him i/,' n, no pret., pp. anhanged, a weak verb; 
mixed with anhon, pret. anheng, anhong, an- 
hunge, pp. anhungen, anhonge, & strong verb ; < 
AS. "anhon, *onhon (Bosworth), perhaps for d- 
hon, a strong verb, tang, < aw, on, on (or a-), + 
hon, hang: see hang.] To hang. 
He bad to take him, and anhang him fast. 
Chaucer, Doctor's Tale, 1. 259. 
anharmonic (an-har-mon'ik), a. [= F. anhar- 
monique; < Gr. dv-priv. (an-6) + harmonic, q.v.] 
Not harmonic ; in geom., a term applied by 
Chasles to an important kind of ratio introduced 
into geometry by M6bius. Ua,x,y,b are four values 
of a unidimensfonal variable (for instance, the positions 
of four points on a line), then [ (xa) : (xb) ] x [ (yb) : 
(y a) ] is called the anharmonic ratw of the four values. 
The intersections of a plane pencil of four lines with a trans- 
versal have the same anharmonic ratio, however the trans- 
versal may be situated ; and this ratio is called the anhar- 
monic ratio of the pencil. Anharmonie ratios are always 
preserved in orthographic projections. By means of these 
ratios, metrical properties are defined as projective prop- 
erties of the absolute, or conic at infinity. See absolute , n., 2. 
If from the intersection of two lines tangents are drawn to 
the absolute, the logarithm of the anharmonic ratio of the 
pencil so formed multiplied by jy/ 2 is the angle of the 
first two lines. So, the logarithm of the anharmonic ratio 
of two points, together with the intersections of their con- 
necting line with the absolute, when multiplied by a con- 
stant, gives the distance of these points. Anharmonic 
property, in geom., a property that is connected with an 
anharmonic ratio. 
anhelation (an-he-la'shon), n. [= F. anhe'la- 
tion, < L. anhelatio(n-), a difficulty of breathing, 
panting, asthma, < anhelare, pp. anhelatus : see 
anhele.] 1. Shortness of breath; a panting; 
difficult respiration ; asthma. 2. Eager desire 
or aspiration. [Rare in both senses.] 
These . . . anhelations of divine souls after the adora- 
ble object of their love. Glanville, Sermons, p. 813. 
anhelet, v. i. [Early mod. E. anheale, < ME. 
anhelen, anelen, < OF. aneler, anhelcr, = Pr. 
anelar = Sp. Pg. anhelar = It. anelare, < L. an- 
helare, breathe with difficulty, pant, fig. pant 
for, pursue eagerly ; < an- for ambi-, around, 
on both sides, + -helare, in comp., for halare, 
breathe. Cf . exhale and inhale. ] To pant, espe- 
cially with eager desire and anxiety. 
With mostfervent desire they anheale . . . for the fruit 
of our convocation. Latimer, 2d Sermon before Conv. 
anheloset (an-he'los), a. [As anhelovs + -ose.] 
Same as anhelous. 
anheloUSt (an-he'lus), a. [< L. anhelits, pant- 
ing, out of breath, < anhelare, pant : see an- 
hele.] Out of breath; panting; breathing with 
difficulty. 
anhidrosis (an-hi-dro'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. avi- 
rfpuf, without perspiration (< av- priv. + i<Sp<if, 
sweat, akin to E. sweat), + -osis.] Deficiency or 
