animative 
animative (an'i-ma-tiv), a. [< animate + -ive.] 
Having the power of giving life or spirit, 
animator (an 'i-ma-tqr), . [L., < animare : see 
animate, .] One wEo or that which animates 
or gives life ; one who enlivens or inspires. Sir 
T. Browne, Vulg. Err. 
anime (an'i-me), n. [Sometimes accented like 
equiv. F. anting, on the fancy that it is so called 
because often "anime" (< L. animatus: see ani- 
mate, a.) or "alive" with insects; but E. prop. 
anime = F. anime (Cotgrave), now anime, Sp. 
Pg. anime (NL. anime, animi, also anijmum), ap- 
plied in the middle of the 16th century, and 
prob. earlier, to a gum brought from the East 
by the Portuguese; afterward applied to a 
similar product from the West Indies. The 
word, which has not been found native in the 
East or elsewhere, is said by Ray and others 
to be a Portuguese corruption of amincea, Gr. 
apivaia (Dioseorides), a resinous gum, this name 
being appar. an adj. (sc. a/ii>pva, myrrh), re- 
ferring to a people of Arabia bordering on the 
Red Sea, from whom the gum was obtained. 
Elemi is a different word.] 1. The name of 
various resins, also known in pharmacy as elemi 
(which see). 2. A kind of copal, the produce 
principally of a leguminous tree, Trachylobium 
Hornemannianum. of Zanzibar. The best is that 
dug from the ground at the base of the trees, or that 
found in a semi-fossil state in localities where the tree is 
now extinct. 
3. The produce of a very nearly allied tree of 
tropical America, Hymencea Courbaril, known 
in the West Indies as the locust-tree. It makes 
a fine varnish, and, as it burns with a very fragrant smell, 
is used in scenting pastilles. 
4. Indian copal, produced by Vateria Indica. 
See Vateria. 
Sometimes called gum anime. 
animin, animine (an'i-min), n. [< anim(al) + 
-iw 13 .] In chem., an organic base obtained from 
bone-oil. Watts. 
animism (an'i-rnizm), n. [=F. animisms; < L. 
anima, soul (see anima), + -WOT.] 1. The hy- 
pothesis, original with Pythagoras and Plato, 
of a force (anima mundi, or soul of the world) 
immaterial but inseparable from matter, and 
giving to matter its form and movements. 2. 
The theory of vital action and of disease pro- 
pounded by the German chemist G. E. 'Stahl 
(1660-1734); the theory that the soul (anima) 
is the vital principle, the source of both the 
normal and the abnormal phenomena of life. 
In Stahl's theory the soul is regarded as the principle of 
life, and, in its normal action, of health ; the body being 
supposed to be incapable of self-movement, and not only 
originally formed by the soul, but also set in motion and 
governed by it Hence it was inferred that the source of 
disease is in some hindrance to the full and free activity 
of the soul, and that medical treatment should be confined 
to an attempt to remove such hindrances from it. 
3. The general conception of or the belief in 
souls and other spiritual beings ; the explana- 
tion of all the phenomena in nature not due to 
obvious material causes by attributing them to 
spiritual agency. Among the beliefs most characteris- 
tic of animism is that of a human apparitional soul, that 
is, of a vital and animating principle residing in the body, 
but distinct from it, bearing its form and appearance, but 
wanting its material and solid substance. At an early stage 
in the development of philosophy and religion events are 
frequently ascribed to agencies analogous to human souls, 
or to the spirits of the deceased. 
Spiritual philosophy has influenced every province of 
human thought ; aud the history of animism, once clearly 
traced, would record the development, not of religion 
only, but of philosophy, science, and literature. 
Encyc. Brit., II. 57. 
The theory of Animism divides into two great dogmas, 
forming parts of one consistent doctrine ; first, concern- 
ing souls of individual creatures, capable of continued ex- 
istence after the death or destruction of the body; second, 
concerning other spirits, upward to the rank of powerful 
deities. E. B. Tylor, Prim. Culture, I. 385. 
animist (an'i-mist), n. [< L. anima, soul (see 
anima), + -ist.~\ One who maintains animism 
in any of its senses. 
animistic (an-i-mis'tik), a. Of, pertaining to, 
embracing, or founded on animism in any sense. 
animodart, . [Origin obscure ; perhaps repr. 
Ar. al-modar, < al, the, + moddr, pivot, tropic, 
the axis of the fundament; cf. modaicwar, mu- 
dawwar, round, dawwir, turn round : see mudir."] 
In astral., a method of correcting the supposed 
nativity or time of birth of a person. Also 
written animoder, amnimodar. 
animose(an'i-m6s), a. [=F.animeux (Cotgrave) 
= Sp. Pg. It. animoso, < L. animosus, full of cour- 
age, bold, spirited, proud, < animus, courage, 
spirit, mind: see animus.'] Full of spirit; hot; 
vehement. Bailey. 
animosity (an-i-mos'i-ti), n. ; pi. animosities 
(-tiz). [< ME. animosite, < OF. animosite, F. 
220 
animosite, animosity, = Pr. animus/tut = Sp. ani- 
mosidad, valor, = Pg. animox'uludc = It. ani- 
mosita, aiiintositwlr, tinimositate, courage, ani- 
mosity, < L. aninwsita(t-)s, courage, spirit, ve- 
hemence, in eccles. L. also wrath, enmity, < <uti- 
mosus: see animose.'] If. Animation; courage; 
spiritedness. 
Cato, before he durst give the fatal stroke, spent part 
of the night in readme the Immortality of Plato, thereby 
confirming his wavering hand unto the animosity of that 
attempt. Sir T. Bromte, Urn-Burial, iv. 
2. Active enmity ; hatred or ill-will which man- 
ifests itself in active opposition. 
No sooner did the duke receive this appeal from the 
wife of his enemy, than he generously forgot all feeling 
of animosity, and determined to go in person to his suc- 
cor. Irving, Granada, p. 48. 
Supposing no animosity is felt, the hurting another by 
accident arouses a genuine feeling of regret in all adults 
save the very brutal. H. Spencer, Prin. of Psychol. , 529. 
= Syn. 2. Animosity, Ill-will, Enmity, Malice, Hostility, 
Hatred, Hate, Malevolence, Malignity, Rancor, Grudge, 
Spite. These words differ from those described under 
acrimony, anger, and antipathy (which see) in that they 
represent deeper feelings or more permauent passions. 
la-lriB may represent the minimum of feeling, being a 
willing or wishing of ill to another, generally without 
disposition to be active in bringing the evil about. /.'/' 
in/til is a somewhat stronger feeling, and it often gratifies 
itself in trifling and cowardly ways. Animosity is more 
intense than enmity ; it is avowed and active, and what 
it does is more serious than the covert attacks of enmity 
or the hasty attacks of -./"'-. Malice is pure badness of 
heart, delighting in harm to others for its own sake. Hos- 
tility is less passionate than animosity, but not less avowed 
or active, being a state of mind inclining one to aggressive 
warfare. Hatred and hate are the general words to coyer 
all these feelings ; they may also be ultimate, expressing 
the concentration of the whole nature in an intense ill- 
will. Malevolence is more casual and temporary than mat- 
ice, arUlng upon occasion furnished, and characterized 
by a wish that evil may befall another rather than by an 
intention to injure. Malignity is malice intensified ; it is 
hatred in its aspect of destractiveness or desire to strike 
at the most vital interests of another. Rancor is hatred 
or malice turned sour or bitter; it is implacable in its 
vindictiveness. A grudge is a feeling of sullen ill-will or 
enmity, caused by a trifling wrong, and likely to be ap- 
peased when it has spent itself in a similar return against 
the offender. Spite is sudden, resentful, and generally 
quite as well pleased to mortify as to damage another; it 
may be as strong as malice or as weak as pique. 
The personal animosity of a most ingenious man was 
the real cause of the utter destruction of Warburton's 
critical reputation. /. D' Israeli, Lit. Quar., p. 397. 
That thereby he may gather 
The ground of your ill-mil, and so remove it. 
Shak., Rich. III., i. 3. 
No place is so propitious to the formation either of 
close friendships or of deadly enmities as an Indiaman. 
Macaulay, Warren Hastings. 
And malice in all critics reigns so high, 
That for small errors they whole plays decry. 
Dryden, Prol. to Tyrannic Love, 1. 3. 
As long as truth in the statement of fact, and logic in 
the inference from observed fact, are respected, there need 
be no hostility between evolutionist and theologian. 
E. R. Lankester, Degeneration, p. 69. 
Tempt not too much the hatred of my spirit, 
For I am sick when I do look on thee. 
Shak., M. N. D., ii. 2. 
For thou art so possess'd with murderous hate, 
That 'gainst thyself thou stick'st not to conspire. 
Shak., Sonnets, x. 
The deadly energy [of magic versesj existing solely in 
the words of the imprecation and the malevolence of the 
reciter, which was supposed to render them effectual at 
any distance. 
T. F. Thiselton Dyer, Folk-lore of Shak., p. 508. 
The political reigns of terror have been reigns of mad- 
ness and malignity, a total perversion of opinion ; soci- 
ety is upside down, and its best men are thought too bad 
to live. Emerson, Courage. 
He who has sunk deepest in treason Is generally pos- 
sessed by a double measure of rancor against the loyal and 
the faithful. De Quincey, Essenes, ii. 
I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. 
Shak., M. ofV., i. 3. 
Below me, there, is the village, and looks how quiet and 
small ! 
And yet bubbles o'er like a city, with gossip, scandal, and 
spite. Tennyson, Maud, iv. 2. 
animus (an'i-mus), n. [L., the mind, in a great 
variety of meanings: the rational soul in man, 
intellect, consciousness, will, intention, cour- 
age, spirit, sensibility, feeling, passion, pride, 
vehemence, wrath, etc., the breath, life, soul 
(of. Gr. avepof, wind : see anemone), closely re- 
lated to anima, which is a fern, form: see ani- 
ma.] Intention ; purpose ; spirit ; temper ; es- 
pecially, hostile spirit or angry temper ; ani- 
mosity: as, the animus with which a book is 
written. 
With the animus and no doubt with the fiendish looks 
of a murderer. De Quincey, Murder as a Fine Art. 
That article, as was to be expected, is severely hostile to 
the new version ; but its peculiar animus is such as goes 
far to deprive it of value as a critical judgment. 
Nineteenth Century, XX. 91. 
anion (an'i-on), . [< Gr. dm6v, neut. of avufo, 
going up, ppr. of aviivai, go up, < ava, up (see 
Anisobranchia 
ana-), + Itvw, go, = L. ire = Skt. / i, go: see 
iterate and go.] In elect., a term applied by 
Faraday to that element of an electrolyte which 
in electrochemical decompositions appears at 
the positive pole, or anode, as oxygen or chlo- 
rine. It is usually termed the electronegative ingredient 
of a compound. Sec nuud,-. i-tt/ii.H. 
aniridia (an-i-rid'i-ji), n. [NL., < Gr. av- priv. 
+ i/itc, (ip5-), iris.] In patlinl., absence of the 
iris of the eye, or an imperfection of the iris 
amounting to a loss of function . 
anisandrous (an-i-san'drus), a. [< Gr. avisos, 
unequal (see aniso-), + avj/p (avfp-), male: see 
-iiiidi'ous.] Same as anteostemoiitmn. 
anisanthous (an-i-san'thus), a. [< Gr. aviaof, 
unequal (see aniso-), + avflot, flower.] In hot., 
having perianths of different forms. Syd. Soe. 
Lex. 
anisate (an'i-sat), a. [< anise + -afel.] Re- 
sembling anise. 
anise (an'is), . [Early mod. E. also ante, an- 
nig, < ME. anys, aneys, annes, < OF. (and mod. 
F.) anis = Pr. Sp. Pg. anw = D. am'/* = Dan. Sw. 
anis = MHG. ante, enig, G. anis (> Serv. anizh, 
anezh, Sloven, janezh), < L. anisum, also spelled 
anesum and anethum (> F. aneth, > E. anet, q. 
v.), = RUSB. anisu = Bulg. Serv. anason = Ar. 
Turk, anisun, anise, < Gr. avrfiov or awrftov, Ion. 
avt/aov or awqeov, later Attic avtaov or awtaov, 
anise, dill.] An annual umbelliferous plant, 
Pimpinella Anisum. It is indigenous in Egypt, and is 
cultivated in Spain and Malta, whence the seed is exported. 
Anise (Pimpintlla Anisum}. 
a, base, and b, top of plant ; f, fruit ; /. section of a carpel. 
Anise-seeds have an aromatic smell and a pleasant warm 
taste ; they are largely employed in the manufacture of 
cordials. When distilled with water they yield a volatile, 
fragrant, syrupy oil, which separates when cooled into two 
portions, a light oil and a solid camphor. Star-anise, or 
Chinese anise, Iltidum anwahnn. Wild anise-tree 
of Florida, Illicium Floridanum. See Illicium. 
anise-camphor (an'is-kam'for), n. A liquid or 
crystalline substance, C 10 H'J 2 O, found in the 
oils of anise, fennel, star-anise, and tarragon. 
Also called anethol. 
aniseed, anise-seed (an'i-sed, an'is-sed), n. 
[The first form contr. from the second.] 1. The 
seed of the anise. See anise. 2. See anisette. 
anise-tree (an'is-tre), n. See anise and Illicium. 
anisette (an-i-sef), n. [F., < anis, anise, + dim. 
-ette.] A cordial or liqueur prepared from the 
seed of the anise. Sometimes called aniseed. 
It often happens that a glass of water, flavored with a 
little anisette, is the order over which he [the lasagnone] 
sits a whole evening. Howells, Venetian Life, xx. 
anisic (a-nis'ik), a. [< L. anisum, anise, + -ic.] 
Pertaining to or derived from anise. An equiv- 
alent form is anisoic Anisic acid, CgHgOg, an 
acid obtained from aniseed by the action of oxidizing sub* 
stances. It is crystallizable and volatile, and forms salts 
which crystallize readily. 
aniso-. [The combining form of Gr. aviaoc, un- 
equal, < av- priv. + iffof, equal.] An element 
in compound words of Greek origin, signifying 
unequal. 
Anisobranchia (a-nl-so-brang'ki-a), . pi. 
[NL.,< Gr. aviaoc,, unequal, + [jpayxfa, gills.] In 
Gegenbaur's system of classification, a super- 
family of gastropods, of the series Chiastoneura, 
including a number of forms collectively dis- 
tinguished from the Zeugobranchia (which see). 
Leading genera of the Animbranchia are Patella, Trnchus, 
Littorina, Cyelogtoma, Ringoa, Palndina, and Tiirntella. 
In the Anisobranchia the left gill is smaller, and the 
right one more largely developed. 
Gegtnbaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 337. 
