ankle 
v.); prob. related to L. angulus, an angle, and 
Gr. ayKuAof, bent: see angle 1 , angle 3 , and an- 
ki/loxe.] 1. The joint which connects the foot 
with the leg. 2. By extension, the slender part 
of the leg between the calf and the ankle-joint. 
Also spelled ancle. 
ankle-bone (ang'kl-bon), . The bone of the 
ankle ; the astragalus or huckle-bone. 
ankle-boot (ang'kl-bot), . 1. A covering for 
the ankle of a horse, designed to prevent inter- 
fering. See interfere. 2. A boot reaching a 
little above a person's ankle. 
ankle-clonus (ang'kl-klo'nus), n. The clonic 
spasm of the calf-muscles evoked in certain 
cases by a sudden bending of the foot upward 
toward the ankle, to such an extent as to render 
the tendon of Achilles very tense. 
ankled (ang'kld), a. [<. ankle + -cd 2 .] Having 
ankles: used in composition: as, -well-ankled. 
ankle-deep (ang'kl-dep), a. 1. Hunk in water, 
mud. or the like, up to the ankles. 2. Of a 
depth sufficient to reach or come up to the top 
of the ankle. 
ankle-jack (ang'kl-jak), n. A kind of boot 
reaching above the ankle. 
He [Captain Cuttle) put on an unparalleled pair of on- 
kle-jackn. Dickemi, Dombey and Son, xv. 
ankle-jerk (ang'kl-jerk), n. The contraction of 
the muscles of the calf caused by striking the 
tendon of Achilles just above the heel or sud- 
denly stretching it. Also called ankle-reflex. 
ankle-joint (ang'kl-joint), . 1. In ordinary 
language, same as ankle, 1. 2. In zool. and 
anat., the tarsal joint, (a) In mammals, the 
tibiotarsal articulation. (6) In other verte- 
brates, the mediotarsal articulation. See tar- 
sal, tarsus. 
ankle-reflex (ang'kl-re'fleks), n. Same as an- 
kle-jerk. 
anklet (ang'klet), >i. [< ankle + dim. -et.~] 1. A 
little ankle. 2. An ornament for the ankle, 
corresponding to the bracelet for the wrist or 
forearm. 3. A support or brace for the leg, in- 
tended to stiffen the ankle-joint and prevent the 
ankle from turning to one side. 4. An exten- 
sion of the top of a boot or shoe, designed some- 
times for protection to a weak ankle, some- 
times merely for ornament. 5. A fetter or 
shackle for the ankles. 
To every bench, as a fixture, there was a chain with 
heavy anklet*. L. Wallace, Ben-Hur, p. 152. 
ankle-tie (ang'kl-ti), n. A kind of slipper with 
straps buttoning around the ankle. 
ankus, ankush (ang'kus, -kush), n. [Hind. 
ankus, Pers. anguzh, < Skt. ankuca."] In India, 
an elephant-goad combining a sharp hook and 
a straight point or spike. Such goads are often 
elaborately ornamented; they are a favorite subject forthe 
rich enamel of Jeypore, and are sometimes set with precious 
stones. "It forms part of the khillat or 'dress of honor' 
given by the Maharaja of Jeypore." Jacobs and llendley, 
Jeypore Enamels. 
ankyloblepharqn (ang"ki-16-blef'a-ron), n. 
[NL., < Gr. dj xi'Xof, crooked (see ankylosis), + 
fttefyapov, eyelid.] In pathol., union, more or 
less extensive, of the edges of the eyelids. Im- 
properly spelled anchyloblepharon. 
ankylose (ang'ki-lds), v. ; pret. and pp. anky- 
losed, ppr. ankylosing. [< ankylosis, q. v.] I. 
trans. To fix immovably, as a joint ; stiffen. 
II. intrans. In osteol., to become consolidated, 
as one bone with another or a tooth with a jaw ; 
become firmly united bone to bone ; grow to- 
gether, as two or more bones; effect bony union 
or ankylosis. 
In the Sirenia the pelvis is extremely rudimentary, be- 
ing composed, in the Dugong, of two sleuder, elongated 
bones on each side, 
placed end to end, and 
commonly ankytoring to- 
gether. 
W. H. Flower, Osteology, 
[p. 291. 
The lower incisors of 
some species of shrews 
. . . become ankylosed 
to the jaw. 
W. B. Flower, Encyc. 
Brit., XV. 349, foot-note. 
Improperly spell- 
ed ancltylose. 
ankylosis (ang- ki- 
lo ' sis), n. [Im- 
properly anchylosis, 
Strictly "ancylosis, < Extensive Ankylosis of cervical 
Gr. aVKvl.uaiS, a Stiff- vertebra of Greenland right whale, 
' .. ,. ' 7 7 . Kalana mysttcetus. 1-7. the first 
OI the joints, seven vertebrae united in one mass ; 
fteiit nw^nV a, articular surface of atlas for occipi- 
eiV, ^TOOK, to | co ,,dyle; ,. epiphysis on boHy 
S ayiiVAO^, of seventh cervical ; sn, foramen in 
crooked, bent (cf. 05 f ' paSMge of front 
Anlace. 
( From Viollet- 
le-Duc's " Diet. 
du Mobilier 
francals.") 
222 
dvKOf, a bend), = L. angiilnn, angle (cf. ancutt, 
bent); closely related to E. angle 1 : see angli-i 
and ankle.'] 1. In anat. and zool., the consoli- 
dation or fusion of two or more bones in one, 
or the union of the different parts of a bone; 
bony union ; synosteosis : as, the ankylosis of 
the cranial bones one with another; the anky- 
losis of the different elements of the temporal 
bone; the ankylosis of an epiphysis with the 
shaft of a bone. 2. In pathol., stiffness and 
immovability of a joint; morbid adhesion of 
the articular ends of contiguous bones. 
He moves along stiffly ... as the man who, as we are 
told in the Philosophical Transactions, was afflicted with 
an universal anchyloxi*. Goldsmith, Criticisms. 
Improperly spelled anchylosis. 
ankylotic (ang-ki-lot'ik), a. [< ankylosis : see 
-otic.'] Pertaining to ankylosis. Improperly 
spelled anchylotic. 
ankylotome (ang-kil'o-tom), n. [< NL. anl-i/- 
lotomus, < Gr. a-ymAof, crooked (see ankylosix), 
+ Topr/, a cutting, < rlpvetv, rafitiv, cut: see tome.\ 
1. A surgical instrument for oper- 
ating on adhesions or contractions, 
especially of the tongue. 2. A 
curved knife or bistoury. 
Equivalent forms are ancylotome, 
ankylotomus, ancylotomus. 
ankylotomus (ang-ki-lot'o-mus), 
n.; pi. ankylotomi (-mi). [NL.] 
Same as ankylotome. Also written 
ancylotomug. 
ankyroid (an-ki'roid), a. Same as 
itnri/roiil. 
anlacet, anelacet (an'las, -e-las), . 
[< ME. an/as, analasse, anlace, ane- 
lace. in Latinized form anelacius, 
anetatius, OW. anglas; of uncer- 
tain origin.] A dagger or short 
sword, very broad and thin at the 
hilt and tapering to a point, used 
from the twelfth to the fifteenth 
century. Also spelled anelas. 
An anlas and a gipser al of silk 
Heng at his girdel. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., L 367. 
His harp in silken scarf was slung, 
And by his side an anlace hung. 
Scott, Rokeby, v. 15. 
anlaut (an'lout), n. [Q., < an. on (= E. on, 
q. v.), marking the beginning, + laut, a sound, 
< laut, adj., loud, = E. loud, q. v. Cf. auslaut, 
inlaut, and umlaut."] In philol., the initial 
sound of a word. 
anlet (an'let), n. [< OF. anelet, dim. of anel, a 
ring: see annulet.'] In her., same as annulet. 
Also written andlet, annlet. 
annt, . [For annat, annet, appar. with direct 
ref. to L. annus, a year: see annat, annate.] 
Same as annat. 
anna 1 (an'a), n. [Anglo-Ind., also spelled ana, 
< Hind, and.'] In India, the sixteenth part of a 
rupee, or about 3 cents. Under Queen Victoria, 
coins of the value of 2 annas (silver), worth 2jd., half an 
anna (copper), etc., have been issued. 
anna 2 (an'a), . [S. Amer.] The Indian name 
of a South American skunk. De la Vega. 
annabergite (an'a-berg-It), n. [< Annaberg, 
a town in Saxony, + -ite 2 .] A hydrous ar- 
seniate of nickel, a massive or earthy mineral 
of an apple-green color, often resulting from 
the alteration of arsenides of nickel. 
annal (an'al), n. [In sense 1, a sing, made 
from pi. iiiiinilx, q. v. In sense 2, < ML. anna- 
lis (sc. missa), also neut. annale, a mass, < L. 
annalis, yearly. Cf. annual.'] 1. A register or 
record of the events of a year: chiefly used in 
the plural. See annals. 
A last year's annal. 
Warburton, Causes of Prodigies, p. 59. 
2. Same as annual, n., 1. 
annalist (an'al-ist), n. [< annal + -ist; =F. an- 
naliste.] A writer of annals. 
The monks . . . were the only annalists during those 
ages. Hume, Hist. Eng., i. 
Gregory of Tours was succeeded as an annalist by the 
still feebler Fredegarius. Lecky, Europ. Morals, II. 24. 
annalistic (an-a-lis'tik), a. Pertaining to or 
characteristic of an annalist. 
Written in a stiff animalistic method. 
Sir G. C. Lewis, Credibility of Early Rom. Hist., I. 50. 
annalizet (an'al-iz), v. t. [< annal + -ize.~] To 
record in annals, or as in annals. [Bare.] 
The miracle, deserving a Baronius to annalae it. 
Sheldon, Miracles, p. 332. 
annals (an'alz), n. pi. [Formerly annaks, < F. 
annales, pl.J < L. annales (sc. libri, books), a 
yearly record, pi. of annalis, yearly (in LL. also 
annealing 
(innualis, > E. annual, q. v.), < annus, a circuit, 
periodical return, hence a year, prob. orig. 
"acnus (cf . Umbrian perekiicm = L. perennem : 
see perennial), and identical with anus (orig. 
"acnus), a ring (>dnlns, also written annulns, 
a ring: see annul us), perhaps < \/ "ac, bend, 
nasalized "ane in angulus (for "anculus), angle, 
etc. : see angle 3 .'] 1. A history or relation of 
events recorded year by year, or connected by 
the order of their occurrence. Hence 2. Any 
formal account of events, discoveries, transac- 
tions of learned societies, etc. 3. Historical 
records generally. 
The Tour de Constance [at Aigues-MortesJ . . . served 
for years as a prison, . . . and the annalx of these dread- 
ful chambers during the rtrst half of the last century were 
written in tears of blood. 
//. James, Jr., Little Tour, p. 177. 
= Syn. History, Chronicle, etc. See history, also list un- 
der chronicle. 
Annamese (an-a-meV or -mez'), a. and n. [< 
Annam (said to be < Chinese an, peace, peace- 
ful, -t- nam, south) + -ese.] I. a. Of or per- 
taining to Annam, its people, or its language. 
II. . 1. sing, or pi. A native or the natives 
of Annam ; an inhabitant or the inhabitants of 
Annam, a feudatory dependency of China till 
1883, when France established a protectorate 
over it. Annam occupies the eastern portion of the 
Indo-Chinese peninsula, having China proper on the north 
and Siam on the west. 
2. The language spoken in Annam. it is mono- 
syllabic, and allied to tne Chinese. Annamese literature 
is written in Chinese characters, used phonetically. 
Also spelled Anamese. 
Annamite (an'a-mlt), a. and n. [< Annam + 
-i'te 2 .] Same as Annamese. Also spelled Ana- 
mite. 
annat, annate (an'at, an'at), n. [Early mod. 
E. annat, annet, usually in pi., < F. annate, < 
ML. annata, neut. pi. of annatus, a year old, < 
L. <i mi a.--, a year : see annals."] 1 . pi. The first 
fruits, consisting of a year's revenue, or a 
specified portion of a year's revenue, paid to 
the pope by a bishop, an abbot, or otner ec- 
clesiastic, on his appointment to a new see or 
benefice. The place of annats is now supplied, in the 
main, by "Peters pence." In England, in 1584, they 
were vested in the king, and in the reign of Queen Anne 
they were restored to the church, and appropriated to the 
augmentation of poor livings of the Church of England, 
forming what is known as "Queen Anne's bounty." 
Next year the annates or first-fruits of benefices, a con- 
stant source of discord between the nations of Europe and 
their spiritual chief, were taken away by act of Parlia- 
ment, llallam. 
2. In Scots law, the portion of stipend payable 
for the half year after the death of a clergy- 
man of the Church of Scotland, to which his 
family or nearest of kin have right. 
The annat due to the executors of deceased ministers is 
declared to be half a year's rent over what is due to the 
defunct for his incumbency, to wit : if he survive Whit- 
sunday, the half of that year is due for his incumbency, and 
the other half for the annat ; and if he survive Michael- 
mas, the whole year is due for his incumbency, and the 
half of the next year for the annat, and the executors need 
not to confirm it. Parl., 2d Sess., Hi., 13th an. Car. II. 
annatto (a-nat'6), n. Same as arnotto. 
anneal 1 (a-nel'), v. t. [Now spelled in imita- 
tion of L. words in ann-; prop., as in early mod. 
E., aneal, < ME. anelen, onelen, inflame, heat, 
melt, burn, < AS. aneelan, onielan, burn, < an, 
on, on, + (elan, burn, set on fire, < al, also SI, 
fire, a burning (a rare word ; cf . alfet) ; cf . ailed, 
fire, = OS. eld= Icel. eldr = Sw. eld = Dan. ild, 
fire (the vowel short, though orig. long). The 
particular sense 'enamel 'may have been de- 
rived in part from OF. neeler, nieler, later nel- 
ler, varnish, enamel, orig. paint in black upon 
gold or silver, < ML. nigellare, blacken, enamel 
in black, < nigellum, a black enamel (>E. niello, 
q. v. ), < LL. nigellus, blackish, dim. of L. niger, 
black: see negro.] If. Originally, to set on 
fire; kindle. 2t. To heat, fire, bake, or fuse, 
as glass, earthenware, ores, etc. 3. To heat, 
as glass, earthenware, or metals, in order to fix 
colors; enamel. 4. To treat, as glass, earthen- 
ware, or metals, by heating and gradually cool- 
ing, so as to toughen them and remove their 
brittleness. 
annea! 2 t, v. t. Same as aneal?. 
annealer (a-ne'ler), n. One who or that which 
anneals. 
annealing (a-ne'ling), n. [Early mod. E. also 
anealing; verbal n. of anneal^.'] 1. The pro- 
cess or art of treating substances by means of 
heat, so as to remove their brittleness and at 
the same time render them tough and more or 
less elastic. In general, these results are obtained by 
heating to a high temperature and then cooling very gradu- 
