annealing 
ally. All glassware, china, etc., which is to be subjected 
to great chunks of temperature should be thus treated. 
The working of iron and steel by hammering, bending, 
rolling, drawing, etc., tends to harden them and make 
them brittle, and the original properties are restored by 
annealing. .Steel plates and dies for bank-note printing 
and the like are annealed in a close box with iron filings or 
turnings, lime, or other substances, and are thus freed 
from carbon and reduced to pure soft iron, in which state 
they will readily take, under pressure, the finest engrav- 
ing from a hardened plate or die. They are then hardened 
again to the degree necessary for their use in printing. 
Steel for engraving dies is commonly annealed by heating 
it to a bright cherry-red color, and cooling it gradually in 
a bed of charcoal. 
2. Same as tempering. 3. A founders' term for 
the slow treatment of the clay or loam cores for 
castings, which, after having been dried, are 
burned or baked, and then are slowly cooled. 
annealing-arch (a-ne'ling-arch), n. The oven 
in which glassware is annealed : called in some 
cases a lew. In plate-glass manufacture, the anneal- 
ing-arch is called a carquaise ; the front door, the throat ; 
the back door, the gumlette (little throat) ; the heating- 
furnace, a tisar. 
annealing-box (a-ne'ling-boks), n. A box in 
which articles are placed in order to be sub- 
jected to the action of the annealing-oven or 
-furnace. 
annealing-color (a-ne'ling-kul"or), n. The 
color acquired by "steel in the process of tem- 
pering or exposure to progressive heat. 
annealing-furnace (a-ne'ling-fer"nas), n. A 
furnace in which articles to be annealed are 
heated. 
annealing-oven (a-ue'ling-uv ;( 'n), n. An an- 
nealing-arch. 
annealing-pot (a-ne'ling-pot), . A closed pot 
in which are placed articles to be annealed or 
subjected to the heat of a furnace. They are 
thus inclosed to prevent the formation of an 
oxid upon their surfaces. 
annectt (a-nekf), v. t. [< L. annectere, adnec- 
tere, tie or bend to : see annex, v."] To connect 
or join. Sir T. Elyot. 
It is united to it by golden rings at every corner, the 
like rings being annected to the ephod. 
Whiston, tr. of Josephus, III. 7. 
annectent (a-nek'tent), a. [< L. annecten(t-)s, 
ppr. of annectere: see annex, v.~] Annexing; 
connecting or joining one thing with another. 
Chiefly a zoological term, applied to those animals or 
groups of animals which link two or more varieties, fami- 
lies, classes, etc., together. 
It appears probable that they [Gasterotricha] form an 
annectent group between the Rotifera and the Turbellaria. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 171. 
Annectent gyms. See gyrus. 
Annelata (an-e-la'ta), n. pi. Same as Annel- 
lata. 
annelid, annelide (an'e-lid), n. and a. I. n. One 
of the Annelida or Annelides. Also anneloid. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to the Annelida or 
Annelides. 
Also annelidan, annelidian. 
Annelida (a-nel'i-da), n. pi. [NL. (with single 
I after F. anneles, pp. pi., ringed), prop. Annel- 
lida, < L. annellus, more correctly anellm, dim. 
of anuliis, a ring (see annulus), + -ida.] 1. The 
annelids or Annelides, a class of invertebrate 
animals, of the phylum Vermes, sometimes called 
the class of red-blooded worms. The body is com- 
posed of numerous (up to some 400) segments, somites, 
or metameres, and limbs are wanting, or, if present, are 
rudimentary and consist of the cilia or setse known as para- 
podia. A vascular system with red blood is usually pres- 
ent ; the integument is soft, and composed of many layers, 
the surface being mostly ciliate or setose ; the head is 
wanting or rudimentary, and in the latter case consists 
of a prostomium which may be cirriferous or tenta- 
culiferous. The Annelida are the " worms," properly so 
called, of which the common earthworm, lobworm, and 
leech are characteristic examples. Most of the species 
are aquatic and marine. The class is differently limited 
by different authors, the principal variation among later 
writers, however, being in excluding or including the Ge- 
phyrea. Excluding these, as is done by the above defini- 
tion, the Annelida have been divided into four orders : 
(1) Hirudinea, Discophora, or Suctoria, the leeches ; (2) 
Oliyochceta. Abranchia, Terricolce, etc., the earthworms 
and their immediate allies ; (3) Chattopoda, Polychreta, 
Errantia, etc., the free sea-worms; and (4) Cephalo- 
branchia, Tubiwltz, etc., the tubicolous sea-worms. An- 
other scheme divides Annelida into four subclasses: (1) 
Archiannelida, composed of the genus PUytiardiut and its 
allies ; (2) Chcctnporia, including (2), (3), and (4)of the forego- 
ing schedule ; (3) Hirudineaot Dwcaphara ; and (4) Entero- 
pneusta, consisting of the genus BaltmoqlimiiK, which some 
authorities class with the ascidians or Chordata. 
2. In Huxley's system (1877), a superordinal 
division including the Polychaita, Oligoch&ta, Hi- 
riulinea, and Gephyrea, with the Myzostomntii 
doubtfully added thereto: a group the mem- 
bers of which resemble one another generally 
in the segmentation of the body indicated at 
least by the serially multiganglionate nervous 
centers (wanting in most Gephyrea), in the 
223 
presence of cilia and segmental organs, and in 
the nature of the larvte, which are set free when 
the embryos hatch. 
annelidan (a-nel'i-dan), . and a. [< Annelida 
+ -an.'] Same as annelid. 
annelide, n. and a. See annelid. 
Annelides (a-nel'i-dez), . pi. [NL. (F. pi.): 
see Annelida.] 1. Bed-blooded worms. La- 
marck. 2. Invertebrate animals that have red 
blood; the first class of articulated animals, 
divided into Tubicota?, Dorsibranchiata, and 
Abranchia. Cuvier, 1817. 3. In Milne-Ed- 
wards's classification, a similar group of worms, 
divided into Suctoria, Terricolw, Tubicolai, and 
Errantes. 4. In Gegenbaur's system, a prime 
division of Ammlata (itself a class of Vermes), 
composed of two groups, Oligoclueta and Chaito- 
poda. 5. A synonym, more or less exact, of 
Annelida (which see). 
annelidian (an-e-lid'i-an), n. and a. Same as 
annelid. 
annelidous (a-nel'i-dus), a. [< Annelida + 
-ous.] Relating to or resembling an annelid. 
Also anneloid. 
The mud in many places was thrown up by numbers of 
some kind of worm, or annelidous animal. 
Darwin, Voyage of Beagle, I. 84. 
annelism (an'e-lizm), n. [As annel(id) + -ism.] 
In zoo?., annelidan or ringed structure or con- 
dition. 
The great hand-worm is ... of this low type of anuel- 
ism. Hartwig, The Sea, xii. 
Annellata (an-e-la'ta), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. 
of annellatus, < L. annellus, anellus, dim. of an- 
nus, amm, a ring: see annulus.] A synonym of 
the Annelides of Cuvier (see Annelides, 2). Owen, 
1843. Also written Annelata. 
anneloid (an'e-loid), a. and n. [As annel(id) 
+ -oid.] I. a. Same as annelidous. 
II. . Same as annelid. 
annet 1 (an'et), n. [E. dial., also written an- 
nett; origin uncertain.] The kittiwake gull, 
Larus tridactylus or Rissa tridactyla. See kitti- 
waJce. [Local British.] 
annet-t, n. Same as annat. 
annex (a-neks'), v. t. ; pret. and pp. annexed 
(also annext), ppr. annexing. [< ME. annexen, 
anexen, < F. annexcr, < ML. annexare, freq. form 
of L. annectere, adnectere, pp. annexus, adnexus, 
tie or bind to, join, < ad, to, + nectere, bind, akin 
to Skt. / nah, bind. Cf. connect.] 1. To attach 
at the end ; subjoin ; affix : as, to annex a codicil 
to a will. In law, it implies physical connection, which, 
however, is often dispensed with when not reasonably 
practicable. 
2. To unite, as a smaller thing to a greater; 
join ; make an integral part of : as, to annex a 
conquered province to a kingdom. 
It is an invariable maxim, that eveiy acquisition of for- 
eign territory is at the absolute disposal of the king ; and 
unless he annex it to the realm, it is no part of it. 
A. Hamilton, Works, II. 65. 
For next to Death is Sleepe to be compared ; 
Therefore his house is unto his annext. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. vii. 25. 
3. To attach, especially as an attribute, a con- 
dition, or a consequence : as, to annex a penalty 
to a prohibition. 
Next to sorrow still I may annex such accidents as pro- 
cure fear. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 221. 
Industry hath annexed thereto the fairest fruits and the 
richest rewards. Barrow, Sermons, III. xviii. 
I desire no stronger proof that an opinion must be false, 
than to find very great absurdities annexed to it. 
Swift, Sent, of Ch. of Eng. Man, ii. 
The Book Annexed, an edition of the American Book of 
Common Prayer, containing alterations proposed by a 
committee of the General Convention of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church appointed in 1880 and reporting in 1883. 
This edition was described as the "book which is annexed 
as a schedule " to the report. Some of the changes pro- 
posed became part of the Prayer- Book in 1886 ; others re- 
mained for further consideration or ratification in 1889. 
= Syn. Add, Affix, Attach. See add and list under affix. 
annex (a-neks' or an'eks), n. [< F. annexe, 
something added, esp. a subsidiary build- 
ing, particularly to a church, < ML. annexa (sc. 
ecclesia), fern, of L. annexus: see annex, v.] 
Something annexed; specifically, a subsidiary 
building connected with an industrial exhibi- 
tion; hence, any similar arrangement for the 
purpose of providing additional accommoda- 
tion, or for carrying out some object subordi- 
nate to the main and original object. Also 
spelled annexe. 
To which I add these two annexes. 
Jer. Taylor, Sermons. 
annexaryt (an'eks-a-ri), . [< annex + -ari/.J 
An addition; a supernumerary. Sir E. Sandys. 
annexation (an-eks-a'shon), n. [< ML. annex- 
atio(n-), < annexare, pp. annexatus, annex: see 
annihilationism 
annex, .] 1. The act of annexing or uniting 
at the end ; the act of adding, as a smaller thing 
to a greater; the act of connecting; conjunc- 
tion ; addition : as, the annexation of Texas to 
the United States. 2. That which is annexed 
or added. 
Pre-eminent among them [Roman conquests] stand the 
annexations of Pompeius in Syria, of the elder C;esar in 
Gaul, of the younger C'aisar in Egypt. 
E. A. Freeman, Amer. Lects., p. 329. 
3. In law : (a) The attachment of chattels to a 
freehold, in such a manner as to give them the 
character of fixtures. (6) In Scots law, the ap- 
propriating of church lands to the crown, or 
the union of lands lying at a distance from the 
kirk to which they belong to the kirk which is 
nearest to them. 
annexational (an-eks-a'shon-al), a. [< annex- 
ation + -al.~] Relating to annexation ; in favor 
of annexation. 
The strong annexational fever which now rages. 
The Nation, April 8, 1869, p. 267. 
annexationist (an-eks-a'shon-ist), n. [< an- 
nexation + -ist."] One who is in favor of or ad- 
vocates annexation, especially of territory ; one 
who aids the policy of annexing, or of being 
annexed. 
The unconditional annexatwnists . . . now urged im- 
mediate appeal to the people. 
Westminster Rev., XIX. 346. 
annexe, n. See annex. 
annexipn (a-nek'shon), n. [Formerly also 
annection, adnexion ; = F. annexion, < L. annex- 
io(n-), adnexio(n-), a binding to, < annectere, 
adnectere, bind to: see annex, >.] The act of 
annexing, or the thing annexed; annexation; 
addition. [Rare.] 
The Kentish kingdome became a prey to many usurpers, 
and gave occasion to Ceadwalla, the West Saxon, to seeke 
the annexion thereof to his own kingdome. 
Speed, Hist. Great Brit., VII. 216. 
annexionist (a-nek'shpn-ist), n, [< annexion 
+ -ist.~] An annexationist. Summer. [Rare.] 
annexment (a-neks'ment), n. The act of an- 
nexing, or that which is annexed: as, "each 
small annexment," Shale., Hamlet, iii. 3. [Rare.] 
annicut (an'i-kut), n. [Anglo-Ind., repr. Ca- 
narese anekattu, Tamil anaikattu (cerebral t), 
dam-building, < Canarese one, Tamil anai, a 
dam, dike, + Jcattu (cerebral t), a binding, bond, 
etc. : see catamaran."] In the Madras Presi- 
dency, a dam. Also spelled anicut. 
annihilable (a-ni'hi-la-bl), a. [=F. annihilate, 
< LL. as if "annihilabilis, < annihilare, annihi- 
late : see annihilate."] Capable of being anni- 
hilated. 
Matter annihilable by the power of God. 
Clarke, Nat. and Rev. Religion, Pref. 
annihilate (a-ni'hi-lat), v. t. ; pret. and pp. an- 
nihilated, ppr. annihilating. [< LL. annihilatus, 
pp. of annihilare, adnihilare, bring to nothing 
(a word first used by Jerome), < L. ad, to, + 
nihil, nothing: see n%hil.~\ 1. To reduce to 
nothing ; deprive of existence ; cause to cease 
to be. 
It is impossible for any body to be utterly annihilated. 
Bacon, Nat. Hist., 100. 
In every moment of joy, pain is annihilated. 
Marg. Fuller, Woman in 19th Cent., p. 185. 
2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive 
properties of, so that the specific thing no 
longer exists : as, to annihilate a forest by cut- 
ting and carrying away the trees ; to annihilate 
an army ; to annihilate a house by demolishing 
the structure ; also, to destroy or eradicate, as a 
property or an attribute of a thing. = Syn. Annul, 
Nullify, etc. See neutralize. 
annihilate (a-ni'hi-lat), a. [< LL. annihilatus, 
pp. : see the verb.] Annihilated. [Rare.] 
Can these also be wholly annihilate } 
Swift, Tale of a Tub, Ded. 
annihilation (a-ni-hi-la'shon), . [= F. anni- 
hilation; from the verb.] 1. The act of anni- 
hilating or of reducing to nothing or non-exist- 
ence, or the state of being reduced to nothing. 
He tells us that our souls are naturally mortal. Anni- 
hilation is the fate of the greater part of mankind. 
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xiv. 
I cannot imagine my own annihilation, but I can con- 
ceive it, and many persons in England now affirm their 
belief in their own future annihilation. 
Mivart, Nature and Thought, p. 48. 
2. The act of destroying the form of a thing or 
the combination of parts which constitute it, or 
the state of being so destroyed : as, the annihi- 
lation of a corporation. 
annihilationism (a-nl-hi-la'shon-izm), n. [< 
annihilation + -ism.] 1. The denial of exist- 
ence after death ; the denial of immortality. 
