antemundane 
antemundano (an-te-mun'dan), a. [< L. 
before, + iiiiitidufi, the world: see ante- and 
/Hunt/inn'.] Existing or occurring before the 
creation of the world. 
The supremo, great, intti'itH'/nlttitt' Father! 
YUUIIIJ, -Night Thoughts, v. 93. 
antemural (au-te-mu'ral), . [< L. 
an outwork, < ante, before, + murus, a wall: 
see ante- and mural.] In medieval fort., an ad- 
vanced work defending the approach to a for- 
tified place; a barbacan (which see). The term 
is sometimes applied to an exterior wall of a 
castle or fortress. See cut on preceding page. 
antenarial (an-te-na'ri-al), a. [< L. ante, be- 
fore, -t- nares, nostrils.] Situated in front of 
the nostrils. W. H. Flower. 
antenatal (an-te-ua'tal), . [< L. ante, before, 
+ natalis, pertaining to birth : see ante- and na- 
tal.'] Happening or being before birth ; per- 
taining or relating to times, occurrences, or 
conditions previous to birth. 
And many an antenatal tomb 
Where butterflies dream of the life to come. 
Shelley, Sensitive Plant, il. 
Some said that he was mad ; others believed 
That memories of an antenatal life 
Made this where now he dwelt a penal hell. 
Shelley, Prinee Athanase. 
There has been plenty of theorising as to the nature of 
the life to come, but the possibility of an antenatal exist- 
ence gets far less attention and far less credit. 
Nineteenth Century, XX. 340. 
antenatedt (an'te-na-ted), a. [< L. ante natus 
(see ante-nati) + -ed 2 .] Born or in existence 
before the time spoken of. 
Something of the Evangelical relish was in them, ante- 
nated, and in being, before the Gospels were written. 
Ilji. Racket, Life of Abp. Williams, ii. 48. (N. E. D.) 
ante-nati (an-te-na'ti), n. pi. [ML., in L. prop. 
written apart, ante nati: ante, before; nati, pi. 
of natus, born, pp. of nasci, be born: see ante-, 
natal, and nascent.] Those born before a cer- 
tain time : specifically, in Eng. law, applied to 
Scotsmen born before the accession of James 
I. to the English throne (1603), who on this ac- 
count were considered aliens. The post-nati, or 
those born after the accession, claimed the rights of na- 
tives of England. In the United States the term is ap- 
plied to those born in the colonies prior to the Declaration 
of Independence. 
antenave (an'te-nav), n. [< ante- + nave.] In 
arch., same as narthe"x. 
ante-Nicene (an-te-ni'sen), a. [< L. ante, be- 
fore, + Niccenus, Nicene, < Niciea, < Or. NiKata, 
Nice, a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor.] An- 
terior to the first general council held at Nice 
(Nieeea), in the year 325: as, ante-Nicene faith. 
See Nicene. -Ante-Nicene fathers. See father. 
antenna (an-ten'a), H. ; pi. antenna (-e). [NL. 
application of li.' antenna, also antemna, a sail- 
yard ; possibly a corruption, through nautical 
use, of a form (cf. the perf . part. pass. avaTerafit:- 
vof, spread out) of Gr. avareiveiv, poet, avreiveiv, 
stretch out, spread out, < ava, back, + reiveiv, 
stretch.] 1. One of the lateral articulated ap- 
pendages occurring in pairs on that segment of 
the head of an arthropod animal, as an insect, 
which immediately precedes the mouth orman- 
dibular segment ; a feeler or ' horn.' They vary 
greatly in size, shape, and function. The appendages of 
the head, proceeding forward from the mouth-parts, are : 
(1) antenna}, (2) antennulte, (3) ophthalmites or eye-stalks. 
(a) pi. In Crustacea: (1) Properly, the posterior one of the 
two paira of feelers or horns borne upon the head of most 
crustaceans, as crabs and lobsters, as distinguished from the 
anterior pair, or antennuhe. From their relative size they 
are known as the long feelers, in distinction from the an- 
tennuhe, or short feelers. When fully developed, the an- 
tenna) consist of a number of parts, which, beginning with 
the base, are named the bazicerite, the itcapliocerite, the 
ischiocerite, the merocerite, the carpocerite, and the (ter- 
minal) fnotrttt. The last may consist of a long filament 
with many articu- 
lations, sometimes 
exceeding the 
whole length of 
the animal's body. 
See cuts under 
Cypri*, Cyihereidce, 
and Limtietis. (2) 
Loosely, either one 
of the two pairs of 
horns or feelers, 
that is, either the 
antenna} proper or 
the antennuhe. (&) 
In Arachnida, or 
spiders, scorpions, 
etc., a chelicere ; 
one of the pair of 
chelate or subeht'- 
late appendages of 
the head, situated 
between and inur- 
phologically in 
front of the .large 
hooked or pincer- 
235 
like appendages known as peilipalps. They are adapted 
for sei/iim and tearing, anil .sometimes convey a pui>n 
duct. They are homologous \vitll the feelers of crusta- 
ceans and insects, ami are supposed, in some cases at 
least, to represent antennula: as well as antenna: pmprr. 
See cuts under t-iu'licera and ycorpioii. (<) In //'*- <-lit ami 
MfH'inj">il<{, a horn or feeler; one of the pair of jointed 
flexible sensitive appendages of the head, morphologically 
situated between the nunith-parts and the eyes, tlnm-li 
generally appearing in the adult between or before the 
eyes. These chai-acteristir organs are usually tihtmentous 
witll many articulations, and are very diverse in form ; 
some of the terms used in describing their shapes are fili- 
form, denticulate, bipinnate, clavate, geniculate. In Co- 
leoptera, divisions have been founded upon the shapes 
of the antenna:, as lamellicorn, clavicorn, longicorn, etc. 
These organs are almost universally present in some form 
or other, though occasionally rudimentary and inconspicu- 
ous, in which cases the insects are termed aceroux, as dis- 
tinguished from dicerous. The parts of a well-formed 
antenna usually recognized are the pedicel, scape, and 
nagellum or claveola, the last usually composing most of 
the length of the organ. See Hymenoptera, Insecta. 
2. An analogous organ on the heads of other 
animals, as a feeler or tentacle, like the eye- 
stalk of a snail. 3. pi. Projecting horns of iron 
or bronze found on some ancient helmets, per- 
haps serving only as ornaments, or as badges, or 
in some cases to stop a blow from glancing down- 
ward and striking the shoulder Decussate, de- 
flexed, deformed, etc., antennae. See the adjectives. 
antennal (an-ten'al), a. [< antenna + -al.] Of 
or pertaining to antennas; bearing antennte; 
antennary. 
antennariid (an-te-na'ri-id), . A fish of the 
family Antennariidce. 
. I, filiform antennae of cucujo firefly of 
a . zil (Pyrophor,,* lumi,,osus) ; ,, den- 
and antennula of a crustacean. 
Antettnan'us pictlts. 
Antennariidae (an-ten-a-ri'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Antennarius + -idee.] A family of pediculate 
fishes with elongate geniculate false arms or 
pseudobraehia, provided with three distinct 
bones (actinosts), typified by the genus Anten- 
narius. They have a compressed but tumid body ; the 
mouth opens upward ; the branchial apertures open in the 
lower axils of the pectoral flns ; there are no pseudo- 
branchise; and the dorsal mis are represented by (1) at 
least one frontal or superior rostral spine or nlament, and 
(2) an oblong soft dorsal. The pectoral members are dis- 
tinctly geniculated or provided with an elbow-like joint. 
They are chiefly inhabitants of tropical seas, and the typi- 
cal species are often called frog- or toad-fishes. 
Antennariinae (an-ten*a-ri-i'ne), n. pi. [NL., 
< Antennarius + -iiue.] A subfamily of pedicu- 
late fishes, of the family Antennariidce, with the 
head compressed, a rostral spine or tentacle as 
well as two other robust spines, and a well- 
developed soft dorsal fin. Four genera are known, 
the chief of which is A ntennariux. The typical species 
are mostly found in coral-groves, where they lurk partially 
concealed, but one of the best known, Pterophryne hivtrio, 
inhabits the sargassum-weed of the open seas, and makes 
in it a nest for its young. 
antennariine (an-te-na'ri-in), a. and n. I, a. 
Of or belonging to the Antennariinte. 
II. n. A fish of the subfamily Antennariinte. 
antennarioid (an-te-na'ri-oid), n. and a. [< 
Antennarius + -oid.] I. n. A fish of the family 
Antennariidce; an antennariid. 
II. a. Pertaining to or having the characters 
of the Antennariidce. 
Antennarius (an-te-na'ri-us), n. [NL., < anten- 
na, q. v., in allusion to the antenna-like foremost 
dorsal spine. ] A genus of pediculate fishes, typi- 
cal of the family Antennariidce,v.seA. with various 
limits, but primarily embracing numerous trop- 
ical species. 
antennary (an-ten'a-ri or an'te-na-ri), a. [< 
NL. antennarius, < antenna, q.v.] 1. Of, pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of an antenna : as, an an- 
tciinary nerve. Specifically 2. Ineutom., bear- 
ing antenna? : applied to that segment of the 
head of insects which bears the antennae An- 
tennary somite, the segment of the head of an arthropod 
which bears the antenna 1 . Antennary sternum, the 
median inferior piece of the antennary somite. Anten- 
nary sternite, in crustaceans, the epistoma (which see). 
See cuts under Rrachyura and Cyclops. 
Antennata (an-te-na'ta), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of aitteiiHiituK: see anteimate.] A group of 
annelids, approximately corresponding to the 
order Chietopoda (which see). 
antependium 
antennate (an-ten'at), . [< NL. antennatus, 
< antenna, q. v.] Having antennas, 
antenniferous (an-te-nif'e-rus), . [< NL. an- 
ti'iinn -t- L./erre = E. bcar^.] Bearing antennae ; 
antennary, as a segment of the head. 
antenniform (an-tcn'i-forin), a. [< XL. antenna 
+ it. forma, form.] Shaped like an antenna; 
resembling an antenna in any way. 
The cement ducts can be traced to the disks of the an- 
!< uniform organs. lltijrlfij. Anat. Invert., p. 259. 
antennula (an-ten'u-la), n.; pi. antennula; (-le). 
[NL., dim. of antenna, q. v.] 1. A little an- 
tenna. 2. A filiform appendage of an anten- 
na, asin some crustaceans. 3. Theappendage 
of the segment or somite of the head of an ar- 
thropod in advance of that bearing the anten- 
nas proper ; one of the anterior of the two pairs 
of feelers of the head of a crustacean. Com- 
monly called the short feeler. See cuts under 
Copepoda, Cyclops, and Cythereidas. 
Also antennule. 
antennulary (an-ten'u-la-ri), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to an antennula ; bearing antennulas : as, the 
antennidarij somite of the head of a crustacean. 
antennule (an-ten'ul), . [< antennula, q. v.] 
Same as antennula. 
antenumber (an'te-num-ber), n. [< ante-+ num- 
ber.] A number one less than a given number : 
used, in the case of objects arranged in periods 
(as, for example, days are in weeks), to express 
the fact that the number of objects in a period 
is one less than the number which, in counting 
the objects, falls upon an object corresponding 
to the first : thus, 7 is the antenumber of the oc- 
tave. [Bare.] 
It is to be considered, that whatsoever virtue is in num- 
bers for conducing to consent of notes, is rather to be as- 
cribed to the ante-number than to the entire number ; as 
namely, that the sound returneth after six or after twelve 
[t. e., tones or semitones]; so that the seventh or the thir- 
teenth is not the matter, but the sixth or the twelfth ; and 
the seventh and thirteenth are but the limits and boun- 
daries of the return. Bacon, Sylva Hylvanum, 100. 
antenuptial (an-te-nup'shal), a. [< LL. antenup- 
tialis, <L. ante, before, + nuptialis, nuptial: see 
ante- and nuptial.] Occurring, existing, or done 
before marriage ; coming before marriage ; pre- 
ceding marriage: as, anantcnuptial&greement; 
antenuptial children. 
anteocular (an-te-ok'u-lar), a. In entom., in 
front of the eyes. 
anteoperculum (an' / te-o-per'ku-lum), n. [NL., 
< L. ante, before, + operculum: see operculum.] 
Inichth., same as preoperculum. [Rare.] 
anteorbital (an-te-6r'bi-tal), a. [< L. ante, 
before, + orbit, q. v.] Situated in front of the 
eyes. Also antorbital Anteorbital foramen, in 
mammalian anat., an orifice in the cheek-bone, in front 
of the orbit, transmitting the superior maxillary division 
of the trifacial nerve, and in some cases, as among ro- 
dents, the masseter muscle. It corresponds to the suborbi- 
tal foramen of human anatomy. It is frequently a forma- 
tion so large and variable as to afford zoological characters, 
as is the case in the Jiodentia.- Anteorbital process, in 
mammalian anat., a spur of the frontal bone on the an- 
terior and upper portion of the margin of the orbit. 
antepagment (an-te-pag'ment), n. [< L. ante- 
jiagmcntum, also antipaymentum, anything ap- 
plied for ornament, < .ante (anti), before, + pay- 
mentum, anything joined or fastened, <pangere, 
older form pagere, fasten: see pact.] A term 
used by Vitruvius to designate decorative mold- 
ings enriching the jambs and head of a doorway 
or window. To such a feature the term archi- 
trave is now commonly applied. 
antepagmentum (an"te-pag-men'tum), n. ; pi. 
antepagmenta (-ta). Same as antepagment. 
antepaschal (an-te-pas'kal), a. [(.ante- + pas- 
chal.] Pertaining to the time preceding the 
Jewish Passover, or preceding Easter. 
The dispute was very early in the church concerning 
the observation of Easter ; one point whereof was, con- 
cerning the ending of the antepaschal fast. 
K. Kelson, Festivals and Fasts, p. 445. 
antepastt (an'te-past), n. [<L. ante, before, + 
pastus, food, < pascere, feed : see ante- and pastel, 
pastor, pasture.] A foretaste; something taken 
before a meal to stimulate the appetite. [Bare.] 
Were we to expect our bliss only in the satiating our 
appetites, it might be reasonable, by frequent antepasts, 
to excite our gust for that profuse perpetual meal. 
Decay of Christ. Piety. 
antepectus (an-te-pek'tus), n. [NL., < L. ante, 
before, + pectus, breast.] In entom., the fore- 
breast ; the under side of the prothorax. 
antependium (an-te-pen'di-um), n.; pi. ante- 
pendia (-a). [ML., \ L. ante, before, + pen- 
dere, hang: see ante- and pendant.] The hang- 
ing by which the front of an altar is covered; 
one of the kinds of frontal. It is frequently made 
of silk or velvet, and ornamented with embroidery. 
