antlia 
antlia (ant 'li-ii), . ; pi. antlia; (-e). [L., a ma- 
rliine to draw up water, a pump, < Gr. avr'/ia, the 
hold of a ship, bilge-water, < dur/of, tlie hold of a 
ship, bilge-water, a bucket, < dm, up, + *r/r, 
hold, lift, = L.*t/a- in pp. tin tits. In tut,; associated 
with ./'cjve, bear: MeooMttfW.] The spiral tongue 
or proboscis of lepidopterous insects, by which 
they pump up the juices of plants. It consists of 
the greatly elongated ma.vilhc, which form :i Imii; bipar- 
tite suctorial tube. When coilt-d up it forms a liat spiral, 
like tlie spring of a watch. See cut under Imtixti'lltun. 
Antlia Pneumatica, in tixtrim,, the Air-pump, :i r>n- 
stellation in the southern hemisphere, situated ht'tut-en 
Hydra and Argo Xavis. 
Antliata (ant-li-a'ta), n. ]>>. [NL., neut. pi. of 
antliatux: see antUate."] A synonym of l>i/>Ur<i: 
a name given by Fabricius to the dipterous in- 
sects, from their feeding, like the common fly, 
by means of a sucker or antlia. The name is no 
longer in use, the term nntlia being now applied exclusively 
to the spiral hanstellate proboscis of lepidopterous insects. 
antliate (ant'li-at), . [< NL. antliatits, < L. 
antlia.'] Furnished with an autlia. 
ant-lion (ant'U"qn), n. A neuropterous insect 
of the section 1'lanipennia, family Myniiiii'im- 
tiilin, and genus Myrmeleon, as, for example, 
M. formiearius. The name is specifically given to the 
larva, which has attracted more notice than the perfect 
insect, on account of the ingenuity displayed by it in 
252 
antral (an'tnil), a. [< anti-tun + -/.] Of or 
pertaining to an aiitrum or sinus; cavernous, 
as a bone. 
antret (an'ti-r), n. [Prop, (inter (orig. printed 
ini/iir in lii->l extract), < F. outre, < L. niitniui, < 
Gr. avrpov, a cave. ('!'. imli-iini."] A cavern; a 
cave. 
Antrex vast, and dcscrN idle. Shak., Othello, i. 3. 
A vein of gold, . . . 
With all its lines abrupt and angular. 
Out-shooting sometimes, liken nirtt'iir-star, 
Through a vast iniii;-. Kmi*, Kudymion, ii. 
antritis (an-tri'tis), . [NL., < aiitntm (see 
def.) + -itif.] Inpatliol., inflammation of thean- 
trum of the upper maxillary bone. See an trum . 
antrorse (an-trors'), a. [< NL. antrorsits, < L. 
*antero- (appar. base of (interior, < ante, be- 
fore) + versus, turned, < rrrtfre, turn. Cf. /- 
li-iirxe, retrorxc, etc.] In lot. and sofil., bent 
or directed forward or upward : especially, in 
ornith., applied to the bristly feathers which fill 
the nasal fossffi of such birds as crows and jays. 
antrorsely (an-trors'li), adv. Forward; in a 
forward direction; anteriorly. 
antrorsiform (an-tror'si-form), n. [< NL. tin- 
tromnii, forward, + L. forma, form.] In ielith.. 
having that form which results from a regular 
increase in the height of the body forward to 
the head, as in the gurnard, toad-fish, etc. T. 
Hill, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. (1884), p. 357. See 
cut under tnitil-Ji/ih. 
Antrostomus (an-tros'to-mus), M. [NL., < 
Gr. avrpov, a cavern, + arA/ta, mouth.] A genus 
of fissirostral and setirostral non-passerine in- 
sessorial birds, of the family Caprinnili/iiln, 
Ant-lion (Myrmtleon fonnicaritis}. Perfect insect and larva, 
preparing a kind of pitfall for the destruction of insects 
(chiefly ants). It digs a funnel-shaped hole in the driest 
and finest sand it can find, working inside the hole and 
throwing up the particles of sand with its head. When 
the pit is deep enough, and the sides are quite smooth ami 
sloping, the ant-lion buries itself at the tottom with 
only its formidable mandibles projecting, and waits for 
its prey. The moment a victim falls in, the larva seizes 
it with its mandibles and sucks its juices. 
antocular (ant-ok'u-lar), a. [< L. ante, before, 
+ oculus, eye. Cf. antler.] Situated in front 
of the eye ; anteoeular. 
antoeci (an-te'sl), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. avromot, 
pi. of avroiKOf : see antecians.~\ Same as ante- 
Hans. 
antcecians, n. pi. See antecians. 
antonomasia (an-ton-o-ma'zia), n. [L., < Gr. 
avTovo/jaoia, < avrovofia&iv, call by another name, 
< ami, instead of, + bvo/iaeiv, name, < 6i>o/ta, 
name, = L. nonien = E. name.'] In rhet., the 
substitution of an epithet, or of the appellative 
of some office, dignity, profession, science, or 
trade, for the true name of a person, as when 
his majesty is used for a king, his lordship for a 
nobleman, or the philosopher for Aristotle ; con- 
versely, the use of a proper noun in the place of 
a common noun : as, a Cato for a man of severe 
gravity, or a Solomon for a wise man. 
antonomastic (an-ton-o-mas'tik), . [< an- 
tonomafia, after Gr. bvo/uurriKfy."] Of, pertain- 
ing to, or marked by antouomasia. 
antonomastical (an-ton-o-mas'ti-kal), a. Same 
as antonomastic. 
antonomastically (an-ton-o-mas'ti-kal-i), adv. 
By means or in the manner of the figure an- 
touomasia. 
antonym (an'to-uim), . [< Gr. "avruvvfiof (cf . 
avruvi'uia, a pronoun), < avri, against, + 6vopa, 
dial, dw/ia = E. name: see onytn."] A counter- 
term ; an opposite ; an antithetical word : the 
opposite of synonym : as, life is the antonym of 
death. 
antorbital (aut-or'bi-tal), a. [< L. ante, before, 
+ orbita, orbit.] Same as ante-orbital. 
The ftntorbital, or lateral ethmoidal, processes of the 
primordial cranium. Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 133. 
Antosiandrian (an-to-si-an'dri-an), n. [< ant- 
for anti- + Osiandrian.] A name applied to the 
orthodox Lutherans who opposed the doctrines 
of Osiander. See Osiandrian. 
antozone (an-to'zon), n. [< ant- for anti- + 
ozone."] A substance, formerly believed to be 
a modification of oxygen, whose chief peculiar- 
ity is that it combines with ozone and reduces 
it to ordinary oxygen. It has been proved to 
be hydrogen dioxid, H 2 O 2 . 
antozonite (an-to'zo-nit), n. [< antozone + -zte 2 .] 
A variety of fluorite or fluor-spar, found at 
Wolsendorf, Bavaria. It emits a strung "dor, at one 
time supposed to be due to antozone, but since shown to 
be caused by free fluorin. 
antra, . Plural of anti-urn. 
Chuck-will's-widow (AHtrostomtts 
named from the cavernous mouth, garnished 
with long rictal vibrisste. The nostrils are oval with 
a raised rim, but not tubular ; the wings are short and 
rounded ; the tail is long and rounded ; the tarsus is short 
and feathered, the middle claw pectinate ; the plumage is 
very lax and mottled ; and the eggs are usually marbled. 
The type of the genus is the Carolinian chuck-will's-widow 
( . 1 . farolinenxix), and the genus is usually made to include 
all the true night-jars or goatsuckers of America, such as 
the whippoorwill (A. vnc(feru>), the poor-will (A. imt- 
talli), and others of the wanner parts of America related 
to and resembling the old-world sjwcies of Capriiu /.;. 
proper. John Gould, 1838. 
AntroZOUS (an-tro-zo'us), n. [NL., < Gr. av- 
T/IOV, a cave, cavern, + toi', animal: 8ee2o<V.] 
A remarkable genus of bats, of the family Tes- 
pertilionida! and subfamily Plecotitue. They have 
separate ears, a rudimentary nose-leaf, and the incisors 
and premolars both only one on each side alwve and two 
on each side below. A. jmlliiliiK, the only species, is a com- 
mon bat of California anil Arizona. Harrison Alien, 1802. 
antrum (an'trum), n. ; pi. antra (-tra). [NL., 
< L. antrum, < Gr. avr/mv, a cave.] A name of 
various cavities in the body, but when used 
alone signifying the antrvun Highmorianum 
(cavity of Highmore, also called sinu.i maxil- 
la r is), a cavity in the superior maxillary bone, 
lined with mucous membrane and communi- 
cating with the middle meatus of the nose. 
Antrum buccinosum, tlie cochlea of the ear : so called 
from its resemblance to a whelk, a shell of the genus 
Hiifi-ittirut. Antrurn pylori, a small dilatation of the 
stomach at its pyloric end. Also called lewer cvl-tl>'-*n<'. 
autrustion (an-trus'ti-on), n. [F., < ML. an- 
truntio(ii-), prob. < OflG. an, on, in, + trimt, 
protection, nelp, also a protector, = E. ti-n.il, 
q. v.] One of certain vassals who, early in the 
seventh century, enjoyed the protection of the 
Frankish kings and became their companions 
in the palace and in the field. The antrustions cor- 
responded to the Anglo-Saxon royal thanes, and formed 
one of the earliest classes of French nobility. 
The military service of the [Frankish] chiefs was paid 
fur by them [the kings] in grants of land. . . . These 
grantees (usually the companions of the king, under the 
name of Antntslions) . . . became possessed of vast do- 
mains and corresponding power. 
.sv,v/.-. stud. Mel. Hist., iii. 
antrustionship (an-trus'ti-on-ship), . The 
office or state of an antrustion : as, "the Frank 
aiitrimtiouxhiji," Encyv. Brit., IX. 121. 
anurla 
ant-shrike (ant'shrik), n. A passerine bird of 
the family l''orinimriida' (which see) and sub- 
family Tltainitojiliilina' ; a South American bush- 
shrike. 
ant's-WOOd(antz'wud), M. A West Indian name 
of a sapotaceous shrub, Jiuinclia runentii. 
ant-thrush (ant'thrush), M. 1. A South Ameri- 
can passerine bird, or ant-bird, of the family 
l-'oriiiii-iii'iiilu; or, in a more restricted sense, of 
the subfamily Formii-iiriinte (which see). 2. 
A breve; an East Indian bird of the family 
I'it/iila; having little relation with the fore- 
going ; in the plural, the breves or pittas. See 
rn/idir. 3. Originally, as used by the transla- 
tors of Cuvier, a species of either of the fore- 
going families, and also of others ; any bird of 
the indeterminate genus Myothera of Illiger. 
Hence the name has usually had no more exact significa- 
tion than ant-bint, or ant-catcher, or ant-eater, as applied 
to a bird. 
ant-tree (ant'tre), n. A name given to species 
of Triplaris, a polygonaceous genus of trees 
of tropical America, the fistulous branches of 
which serve for the habitation of ants. 
ant-wart (aut'wart)^ n. Same as ant-egg, 2. 
ant-worm (ant'werm), n. Same as ant-egg, 2. 
ant-wren (ant'ren), n. A South American pas- 
serine bird, of the family Formieariida' (which 
see) and subfamily Formieivorince. See cut un- 
der Formicivora. 
Anubis (a-nu'bis), n. [L., < Gr. "Avov/]t, < 
Egypt. Anepu or Anup, Coptic Anob or Anouo.~\ 
1. An Egyptian deity, represented with the 
head of a dog or jackal, and identified by the 
later Greeks and Romans with their Hermes or 
Mercury. 2. In zool.: (a) A generic name of 
the fennec of Bruce, Anubis zerda, a kind of fox, 
the Ciniix :<-r<l<i of Gmelin, the Fenneeus zoaren- 
sis of some authors, supposed to be the animal 
taken for a jackal in certain Egyptian hiero- 
glyphs. (6) [/. .] The specific name of a very 
large kind of baboon, the Cynocephalii.i tniiibi.i 
of western Africa. 
Anura 1 (a-nu'ra), n. [NL., fern. sing, of anu- 
rus, tailless: see anurous."] 1. Agenusof very 
short-tailed wren-like birds of India, generally 
referred to the genus Testa. Hodgson, 1841. 
2. A genus of leaf-nosed bats, of the family 
Phyllostomut iil/i'. 
Also written Anoura. 
Anura 2 (a-nu'ra), . ]>l. [NL., neut. pi. of 
it mints, tailless':' see anurous."] An order of 
Amphibia, the fia- 
trachia salientia, or 
batrachians prop- 
er, as frogs and 
toads ; salient ovip- 
arous amphibi- 
ans, tailless when 
adult, provided 
with well-devel- 
oped legs, breath- 
ing air by lungs, 
and undergoing 
complete metamor- 
phosis from the 
tadpole state, in 
which they are 
tailed and limbless, 
and breathe water 
by gills. Called Anura 
in distinction from Uro- 
(Ifla, and Theriomorpha 
in contrast Ui Ichthyo- 
morpha. The vertebrae 
are diversiform and 
from 7 to 10 in number. 
The Anuraliave a well- 
formed sternum, and a 
below ; x, the pectoral and a pelvic 
Skull of Frog (Ka 
A, from above ; B, fro 
, the girdle-bone oros- arcn llle gkin jg ,,'aked, 
en-cemture ; Z, the temporomastoia ; 
. 
, yill, exits of olfactory, trigemi- 
and serves to some ex- 
nal, and vagus nerves ; Ep, exoccipital ; tent as an organ of 
Fr, I'a, frontal and parietal ; Na, na- piration ; it is shed as 
sal ; M*, maxilla ; PI. palatal ; Pmx, m serpents Small vari- 
ohcT'oj quadVa P toul'f '^o'nfS ously disposed teeth are 
the vouiers. usually present ; the 
tongue is present (in 
Phawroglmm), or apparently absent (in Aglossa). There 
are upward of 500 species of this very homogeneous group, 
for which some 130 genera and from 5 to 26 families are 
adopted by different authors. The typical frogs are of the 
family Itanidie ; the tree-frogs are Ili/Hilir; the toads, 
Bufonidce; and the aglossal Surinam toad is the type of a 
family Pijriaa. Also written Anoura. See cute under 
<>i/i*tt<,-ititin. Jiniift, and temporomaxtoid. 
anuran (a-nu'ran), n. [< Anura% + -an.] One 
of the Anura, Also written anouran. 
anuresis(an-u-re'sis),w. [NL.] Sameaswna. 
anuria (a-nu'ri-a), . [NI^., < Gr. av- priv. + 
ovfiov, urine.] Absence of micturition, whether 
from suppression or from retention of urine. 
Also called antirexi*, /.//. 
