anythingarian 
anythingarian (en"i-thing-a'ri-an), n. [< any- 
Iliing + -ill-inn, q. v. Cf. nolliiiii/nrian.] One 
who is 'anything' in belief j one who professes 
no particular creed; an indifferentist, espe- 
cially in religious doctrine. 
anythingarianism (eu"i-thing-a'ri-aii-izm), . 
[(anythtngarian + -imn.] The holding and ad- 
vocacy of no particular creed ; indifferentism. 
anyway (en'i-wa), f/c. [<// + wy.] 1. In 
any way or manner; anyhow. 
These foure are all that <mi/ n-'it/ dealt- in that en 
ation of niens manners. .ViV /'. Kidney, Apol. for F 
uisider- 
>r Poetrie. 
How should I soothe you anyivay, 
Who miss the brother of your youth? 
'/VH/I.I/IW/I, To J. S. 
2. [Continuatively, as a conj.] In any case; 
at any rate; at all events; anyhow. 
I think she was a little frightened at first ; but anyway, 
I got to know who she is. W. Black, White Heather, xiv. 
anyways (en'i-waz), adv. [< any + ways, adv. 
gen. of way, as in always, but prob. suggested 
by anywise. Cf. noways and nowise.] 1. In any 
way or manner ; anyhow. 2. [Continuatively, 
as a con;'.] In any case; at any rate; at all 
events; anyhow. [Colloq. in both senses.] 
anywhatt, pron. [< any + what, indef. Cf. 
Kouieiohat.] Anything. 
anywhen (en'i-hwen), adr. [< any + when. 
Cf. anywhere, anyhow.] At any time; ever: 
as, "anywhere or anywhen," De Quincey. [Dia- 
lectal or rare.] 
There if anywhere, and now if anytchen. 
R. Bomorth Smith, Carthage, p. 338. 
anywhere (en'i-hwar). adr. [< any + where. 
Ct. someirhere, nowhere.] In, at, or to any place : 
as, to be or to go anywhere. 
anywhither (en'i-hwiTH*er), adr. [< any + 
trliither. Cf. anywhere.'] In any direction ; to 
any place. 
Inveigle . . . men anywhither. Barrow, Works, I. 
anywise (en'i-wlz), adv. [< ME. anywise, anige 
wise, in full form in or on any wise, < AS. on 
asnige wisan, in any manner: see on, any, and 
wise 2 , and cf. otherwise, nowise.] In any way 
or manner ; to any degree. 
Neither can a man be a true friend, or a good neighbor, 
or nni/unms a good relative, without industry. 
Barrow, Sermons, III. xix. 
Aonian (a-6'ni-au). a. [< L. Aoniuw, < Aonla, < 
Gr. 'Aovia, a name for Boeotia in Greece.] Per- 
taining to Aouia, an ancient mythological and 
poetical name of Boeotia, or to the Muses, who 
were supposed to dwell there ; hence, pertain- 
ing to the Muses; poetical Aonian fount, the 
fountain Aganippe, on a slope of Mount Helieon, the 
" Aonian mount," sacred to the Muses, hence called the 
"Aonian maids." 
Aonyz (a-on'iks), n. [NL. (Lesson, 1827), prop. 
Anonyx, < Gr. av- priv. + i>w, nail, claw.] A 
genus of otters, including species with the claws 
rudimentary or obsolete, and the digits much 
webbed. A. Inlandi is an African species; A. leptonyx 
(sometimes made type of a genus Leplonyx) inhabits Java, 
Borneo, and Sumatra; .1. indigitata is found in India. 
Also written Anonyx. 
aor. An abbreviation of aorist. 
aorist (a'o-rist), . and a. [< Gr. ao/xorof (sc. 
Xpovos, time, tense), the aorist tense, < ao/woTor, 
indefinite, unbounded, < a- priv. + opiarof, de- 
finable, verbal adj. of opi&iv, bound, define : see 
horizon.] I. n. In gram., a tense of the Greek 
verb expressing action (in the indicative, past 
action) without further limitation or implica- 
tion ; hence, also, a tense of like form or like 
signification in other languages, as the Sanskrit. 
There are in Greek two aorists, usually called the first and 
second ; they ditfer in form, but not in meaning. 
II. a. 1. Indefinite with respect to time. 2. 
Pertaining or similar to the aorist. 
The English active present, or rather aorist, participle 
in -ing is not an Anglo-Saxon, but a modern form. 
O. P. Marsh, Lectures on Kng. Lang., p. 649. 
aoristic (a-o-ris'tik), a. [< Gr. do/wo-raor, < 
a6purrof: see aorist.] Pertaining to an aorist 
or indefinite tense ; indeterminate as to time. 
aoristicalt (a-o-ris'ti-kal), a. Same as aoristic. 
aoristically (a-o-ris'ti-tal-i), adv. In the man- 
ner of an aorist. 
In most languages, verbs have forms which exclude the 
notion of time, . . . and even the forms grammatically 
expressive of time are, in general propositions, employed 
aoruiticaUy, or without any reference to time. 
O. P. Marsh, Lectures on Eng. Lang., p. 300. 
aorta (a-6r'ta), n. ; pi. aortce (-te). [NL., < Gr. 
aoprij, aorta, < aeipttv, raise, lift, pass, aeipeadat, 
rise. Cf. artery.] In anat., the main trunk of 
the arterial system, issuing from the left ven- 
tricle of the heart, conveying arterialized blood 
to all parts of the body except the lungs, and 
254 
giving rise, directly or indirectly, to all the ar- 
teries of the body except the pulmonary. I In 
name is chiefly given to such an artery in those higher ver- 
tebrates which have a completely fonr-chanihered heart. 
The aorta commonly gives off immediately the great \ 
of the head, neck, and anterior limbs, and ends by forking 
to supply the posterior limbs. In the embryo it communi- 
cates with the pulmonary artery by a duct (ductiis arte- 
riosus), which is normally closed at liirth. In man the 
aorta is divided into //*-<//////. ii-nn^n /*-. ;unl ./.,*., //<////'/ 
portions. The MBMtdinpMttA rises and then curves o\cr 
to the left, forming the traitww portion or nrrli nf tin' 
aorta, whence spring the innominate and left carotid ami 
left subclavian arteries; it then descends upon and a little 
totheleftof the bodies of the vert el inc. form ini: tlie./. 
inn aorta, divided into the tlim-tn-^' ;MI!;I ahovr the dia- 
phragm and the abdominal aorta below it ; it ends usually 
opposite the fourth lumbar vertebra by bifurcating into the 
right and left common iliac arteries. The thoracic branches 
are numerous, but small and chiefly intercostal ; the abdom- 
inal branches are the eteliac, superior and inferior mesen- 
teric, renal, suprarenal, spermatic, and others. The aorta 
is provided at its beginning with three scmilunar valves, 
which prevent regurgitation of blood into the heart. See 
aortic, and cuts under circiilritimi. >'inhry<>. heart, thornjc. 
Cardiac aorta. See extract below. Definitive aor- 
ta, the aorta as denned above. Primitive aortse, the 
first and paired main arteries of the embryo, conneetnl 
with the omphalotnesenteric vessels. See extract. 
The heart of the vertebrate embryo is at first a simple 
tube, the anterior end of which passes into a cardiac aor- 
tic trunk, while the posterior end is continuous with the 
great veins which bring back blood from the umbilical 
vesicle. The cardiac aorta immediately divides into two 
branches, each of which ascends, in the first visceral arch, 
in the form of a forwardly convex aortic arch, to the under 
side of the rudimentary spinal column, and then runs 
parallel with its fellow to the hinder part of the Inxly as 
& primitive subvertebral aorta. The tvfu prii/iifif '/"//, r 
soon coalesce, in the greater part of their length, into one 
trunk, the definitive subvertebral aorta, but the aortic 
arches, separated by the alimentary tract, remain distinct. 
Huilfii. Anat. Vert., p. 90. 
aortal (a-6r'tal), . [< aorta + -al.] Same as 
aortic. [Rare.] 
aortic (a-6r'tik), a. [< aorta + -ic.] Belong- 
ing or pertaining to the aorta. Aortic arch, (a) 
The permanent arch of the aorta. See aorta, (b) One of 
the five or more pairs of arterial arches of the embryo of 
a vertebrate, formed by forkings of the primitive cardiac 
aorta, and reuniting to form the primitive and finally the 
definitive subvertebral aorta, or aorta proper. There is a 
pair of such aortic arches to each pair of visceral arches of 
the neck. In the higher vertebrates the two anterior pairs 
disappear; the third pair is modified into the carotid ar- 
teries supplying the head ; the fourth pair becomes the 
arteries supplying the anterior limbs and the permanent 
arch of the aorta in man, the innominate and right sub- 
clavian on the right side, and the left snbclavian and 
arch of the aorta on the left ; in the fifth pair in man 
the right side is obliterated, and the left forms the per- 
manent pulmonary artery, the descending aorta, and the 
ductus arteriosus, which is the 
communication between the fifth 
and the fourth arches. In branchi- 
ate vertebrates most of these 
arches are permanent, becoming < 
the blood-vessels of the gills. 
Aortic bulb, the enlargement at 
the beginning of the cardiac aorta. 
Aortic compressor, in sury., 
an instrument, used in cases of 
amputation at the hip-joint, for 
compressing the aorta, in order to 
limit the flow of blood from it to 
the divided femoral artery. Aor- 
tic orifice, aortic aperture, of 
the diaphragm, the hole of the 
diaphragm, between its right and 
left pillars, through which the aor- 
ta passes from the thorax into the 
abdomen ; it also gives transit to 
the thoracic duct, and usually to an 
azygous vein. Aortic valves, the 
three scmilunar valves at the ori- which give off the arches 
gin of the aorta from the left ven- ?-5 " ch *> "", 
tricle of the heart, guarding the to fo^ rf the descending 
orifice and preventing regurgita- or dorsal aorta, 
tion into the ventricle. Aortic 
vestibule, the part of the left ventricle adjoining the 
root of the aorta. 
aortitis (a-6r-tl'tis), n. [NL., < aorta + -itis.] 
In med., inflammation of the aorta. 
aoudad (a'o-dad), . [Also audad (the spelling 
aoudad being F.), repr. the Moorish name au- 
dad.] The wild sheep of Barbary ; a ruminant 
Diagram of primitive 
Aortic Arches in mam- 
mals, birds, and reptiles. 
a, common trunk of 
primitive aorta, dividi 
into two branches, b, 
Aoudad (Amntotragus trafelaphits}. 
Apanteles 
of the subfamily Ovinai and family Bovidfe, in- 
habiting northern Africa. It is of a light-brownish 
color, with very large horns curving outward ami l>ark 
ward, and a profusion of long hair hanging from the throat 
and breast and almost reaching the ground between the 
fore legs. A full-grown individual stands about :i feet 
1ii*.:li at the withers, and its horns sometimes attain a 
length of 2 feet. Tile animal is common, i^ otten kept in 
confinement, and readily breeds in that state. The aou- 
dad is also known as the beardeil ai-iittli ami / "//./ i<n,u- 
_tlon; it is the te&xA of the Arabs, the ui/n!nn *'< i,nn'ti' : ft>' 
of the French, and the Ovis trar/daphu* (Desmarcst) or 
Am*otrtff9tt tngttttftaa of naturalists. 
aoul (a'b'l), n. [Russ. aulu, a village (of the 
Caucasians).] Among the people of the Cau- 
casus, a village or a village community ; hence, 
a Tatar camp or encampment. 
The aoul consisted of about twenty ^ents, all constructed 
on the same model, and scattered about in sporadic fash- 
ion without the least regard to symmetry. 
D. M. Wallace, Kussia, p. :o. 
a entrance (a o-trons'). [F. : see outrage.] 
To excess or to the utmost; with extreme ve- 
hemence; without limitation or reserve: as, 
to fight a outrance. Often, incorrectly, a Vou- 
t ranee. 
ap (ap), n. [W. ap, < OW. map, mod. W. mob, son, 
orig. *maqui = Ir, mac, son: see mac.] Son: a 
word occurring in Welsh pedigrees and as a pre- 
fix in surnames, equivalent to and cognate with 
Mac ( wh ich see ) , as in Welsh Gruffudd ap Owa in, 
Griffith, son of Owen, Aprhys, Apthomas, etc. : 
in the Anglicized forms of Welsh names often 
reduced to P- or B-, as in Preece, Price (Ap- 
Rhys, Ap-Rice), Powell (Ap-Howell), Sevan 
(Ap-Evan), Bowen (Ap-Owen), etc. 
ap-'. Assimilated form, in Latin, etc., of ad- 
before p, as in approbation, appellate, etc. ; in 
older English words a "restored" form of Mid- 
dle English and Old French a-, the regular re- 
duced form of Latin ap-, as in appeal, appear, 
approve, etc. 
ap-*. The form of apo- before a vowel, as in ap- 
agoge, apanthropy, etc. 
apace (a-pas'), prep. phr. as adv. [ME. apace, 
iijiiins, apas, a pas, lit. at pace; in pregnant 
sense, at a good pace, with a quick pace ; < 3 
+ pace.] If. At a footpace; leisurely. 
Vp ryseth fresshe Canacee hirselue, 
As rody and bryght as doth the yonge sonne. . . . 
And forth she walketh esily a pas, 
Arrayed after the lusty seson sote (sweet] 
Lyghtly, for to pleye and walke on fote. 
Chaucer, Squire's Tale, 1. 388. 
2. At a quick pace; with speed; quickly; 
swiftly; speedily; fast. 
He comet 1 1 to hym apaas. Chaucer, Troilus, iv. 465. 
Great weeds do grow apace. Shak., Rich. III., ii. 4. 
Within the twilight chamber spreads apace 
The shadow of white Death. Shelley, Adonais, viii. 
Apache-plume (a-pach'e-plom*'), n. A name 
given in New Mexico to the Fallucia paradoxa, 
a low rosaceous shrub with long plumose car- 
pels. 
a paesi (a pa-a'ze). [It. : a, to, with, < L. ad, 
to; paesi, pi. ofpaese, country, land: see pais, 
peasant.] With landscapes: applied to tapes- 
tries, especially of Italian make, majolica, and 
other objects decorated with landscapes. 
ne apagoge (ap-a-go'je), n. [NL., < Gr. intaywyti, 
,* a leading away, < anayetv, lead away, < OTTO, 
away, + ayeiv, drive, lead: see act, n.] 1. In 
logic: (of) Abduction (which see), (b) The 
demonstration of a proposition by the refutation 
of its opposite (from Aristotle's f/ elf TO advvarav 
inrayuyfi, reduction to the impossible) : com- 
monly called indirect proof. 2. In math., a 
progress or passage from one proposition to 
another, when the first, having been demon- 
strated, is employed in proving the next, 
apagogic (ap-a-goj'ik), a. [< apagoge + -ic.] 
Of the nature of or pertaining to apagoge. (a) 
Proving indirectly, by showing the absurdity 
or impossibility of the contrary: as, an apa- 
gogic demonstration, (b) Using mathematical 
apagoge. 
The apagogic geometry of the Greeks. 
Encyc. Brit., XV. 629. 
apagogical (ap-a-goj'i-kal), a. Same as apa- 
gogic. 
apagynous (a-paj'i-nus), a. [Irreg. < Gr. an-af, 
once, + yw>i, woman.] In bot., same as mono- 
carpoiM. [Not used.] 
Apalachian, See Appalachian. 
Apaloderma (ap'a-16-der'ma), n. See Hapalo- 
apanage, See appanage. 
Apanteles (a-pan'te-lez), . [NL., < Gr. a- priv. 
+ iravre'Ar/c,, all complete, perfect, < -df, vdv, all, 
