aplasia 
aplasia (a-pla'si-il), . [NL., < Gr. a- priv. + 
-'/naif, formation, < rr'sdoaetv, form, mold.] De- 
fective or arrested development in a tissue or 
an organ. 
aplastic (a-plas'tik), a. [< Gr. a-'/.aarof, not 
capable of being molded (< a- priv. + -/ao-nif, 
molded), + -ic: see n-1" and plustii:] Not 
plastic ; not easily molded. 
aplatisseur (a-pla-to-sor'), . [F., < aplnlir 
(aplatiss-), crush, flatten, < I't (L. ail) + plat, 
flat.] A mill for crushing grain to be used as 
food for cattle. 
Apleuri (a-plo'ri), n. pi. [NL., pi. of aplfurux, 
< Gr. d- priv. + Tr/nyxz, rib.] A name proposed 
by Owen for a suborder of ribless plectogna- 
thous fishes, consisting of the families Oxtrii- 
ciontidie and Oymnodonttda. 
aplite, . See haplite. 
aplo-. Improper form of liaplo-, adopted in some 
zoological and botanical names. See hapto-. 
Aplodes, . See Haplodes. 
aplomb (a-ploii'), n. [F., self-possession, assur- 
ance, lit. perpendicularity, < a plomb, perpen- 
dicular, plumb: a (< L. ad), to ; plomb, plumb, 
plummet: see plumb.] Self-possession spring- 
ing from perfect confidence in one's self; as- 
surance. 
The staple figure in novels is the man of aplomb, who 
sits among the young aspirants and desperates, quite 
sure and compact, and, never sharing their affections or 
debilities, hurls his word like a bullet when occasion re- 
quires, knows his way, and carries his points. 
Saurian, Letters and Social Aims, p. 72. 
aplome, . See liaplome. 
Aplopappus, n. See Haplopappuy. 
aplostemonous, a. See haplostemonous. 
aplotomy, n. See haptotom//. 
aplustre (ap-lus'tre), . [L., also aplustrum, 
chiefly in pi. aplus- 
triaoraplustra; LL. 
also amplustre ; < Gr. 
aifi^MOTov, the charac- 
teristic ornaments of 
the stern of a ship. 
Cf. acrostolium.] 
The ornament rising 
above the stern of 
ancient ships. Though 
varying much in design, 
these ornaments were 
often very graceful, par- 
ticularly in Greek ex- 
amples. A usual form 
was a sheaf or plume of 
volutes, variously com- 
bined. The aplustre rose 
immediately behind the 
steersman, and is often represented as supporting a flag. 
As a conspicuous part of the ship, it was often removed as 
a trophy by captors. Also called aphlagton. 
About two hours later Arrius stood under the aplustre 
of the galley. L. Wallace, Ben-Hur, p. 141. 
Aplysia (ap-lis'i-a), . [NL. ; cf. L. apli/sia; 
pi, < Gr. turfofflat, pi., prop. gen. sing., a-x'kv- 
aias G7r6yyo, 
a sponge, so 
named from 
its dirty-gray 
color, < Gr. 
inrhvaia, n'lthi- 
ness, < air'Av- 
rof, unwash- 
ed, <d- priv. + 
nvlwoV, verbal 
adj. of 7T/t uvetv, wash.] A genus of gastropodous 
mollusks, the sea-hares, having an oval oblong 
form with four tentacles, and somewhat resem- 
bling slugs. Its numerous species are remarkable for 
the function of secreting a fluid of violet color (due to the 
presence of iodine), which they discharge when molested. 
One of the best known is A. depilan*, the depilatory sea- 
hare, so called because it was supposed that the fluid it 
discharged was capable of removing hair or preventing its 
growth. Also written Laplyttia, by an original mistake 
(Linnanis, 1707), followed by many writers. 
aplysiid (ap-lis'i-id), n. A gastropod of the 
family Aplijsiida;. 
Aplysiidae (ap-li-si'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Aply- 
sia + -idw.] A family of tectibranchiate gas- 
tropods, of which the genus Aplysia is the type, 
having the shell rudimentary or wanting. Be- 
sides Aplysia, there are several other genera, as Dolabella 
and Notarchtut, and the species are numerous. Also incor- 
rectly written Aplyftiadce and Aplysulai. The same group 
is also n;iiin-l A/i/</iii<-/'<i, .\i>lii*nuta, and Apliixiunce. 
apneumatic (ap-nu-mat'ik), a. [< Gr. iarvei- 
fiarof, not blown through (< d- priv. + Trref- 
H>I(T-), breath, blowing), 4- -ic: see a- 18 and 
pneumatic.] Uninflated; collapsed: applied 
to the lungs. 
apneumatosis (ap-nu-ma-to'sis), n. [NL., < 
Gr. mrvebfiarof, not blown through (see npin-K- 
niiilif), + -i/sin.] An uiiinnated condition of 
Aplustre of an ancient Greek Ship. 
Depilatory Sea-hare (Aplysia depila 
261 
portions of the lungs, especially that condition 
of tabular dist ribution which results from bron- 
chitis. It is chiefly confined to infancy and early 
childhood. 
Apneumona (ap-nu'mo-na), n. pi. [NL., 
ueut. pi. of a/iiK'iii<iH : sec apnffumonovs.] An 
order of holothurians ; one of two orders into 
which the class llolnthiii'/iiilut is divisible (the 
other being Itipiiei/invii/i or Pn&tmoitophora). 
They have no organs of respiration, nor Curieriim organs. 
The order contains those holothurians which are hermaph- 
rodite, as Kt/iiai/ta. It is divisible into two families, Sy- 
iKiptnlif ;unl OnofaofaMtto. See cut under Synapta. 
Apneumones (ap-nu'ino-nez), . pi. Same as 
Apneiimiina. 
apneumonous (ap-nu'mo-nus), n. [< NL. ap- 
in'Hiitiiii,(. <!r. ajrvsbfujv. without lungs (breath), 
< a- priv. + irvei'fiuv, lung (Trvevfia, breath).] 
Having no respiratory organs; specifically, 
pertaining to or resembling the Apneumona. 
Apneusta (ap-nus'ta), n.pl. [NL., neut. pi. of 
upucHstus, < Gr. airvevGTof, without breath, < a- 
priv. 4- "Trvftwrof, verbal adj. of KVEIV, breathe.] 
A suborder of opisthobranchiate gastropods: 
a synonym of Abrancliia or Dermatopnoa (which 
see). See also Sacoglossa. 
apnoea (ap-ne'a), n. [NL., < Gr. airvoia, want 
of wind, < ammof, without wind, breathless, < d- 
priv. + irvelv, blow, breathe.] In pathol., par- 
tial privation or suspension of respiration ; want 
of breath. Specifically, it denotes the inhibition of res- 
piration by the presence of an abnormally great quantity 
of oxygen in the blood. It is also improperly used by some 
to denote the opposite condition, that of asphyxia. 
apnceal (ap-ne'al), a. Characterized by apnoea. 
apnoeic (ap-ne'ik), a. Same as apnceal. 
apo-. [L., etc., apo-, < Gr. OTTO-, prefix, ami, prep., 
= L. ab = Skt. apo = AS. of, E. of, off, etc. : see 
ab- and of, off. Before a vowel the prefix be- 
comes ap-, Gr. aw- ; before the rough breathing, 
aph-, Gr. d^-.] A prefix of Greek origin, mean- 
ing off, from, away from (in respect to place, 
time, or origin). 
apobates (a-pob'a-tez), n. ; pi. apobatce (-te). 
[Gr. cmo t 3aT>K, lit. one who dismounts, < 071-0- 
palveiv, step off from, dismount, < 0x6, off, + 
fiaiveiv, verbal adj. /3ar<if, step, go.] In Gr. 
antiq., a warrior who rode into action on a 
chariot, standing beside the charioteer, and 
leaped off and on, according to the exigencies 
of the fight, while the chariot was in motion. 
This method of fight- 
ing was a tradition in 
Greece from the heroic 
age, but in historic 
times the practice was 
preserved only in Bceo- 
tia and in Athens, par- 
ticularly as a feature of 
the Fanathenaic pro- 
cession in the latter 
state. 
In the Theseion 
[frieze] . . . there are 
figures to be found re- 
sembling in form, atti- 
tude, armour, and dress 
the apobatte, who leap 
on to their chariots in 
the Parthenon frieze. 
A.S.Murray, Greek 
[Sculpture, I. 244. 
apoblast (ap ' o - 
blast), n. [< Gr. 
air6, off, + /Maorof, 
germ.] In Mol., a so-called directive corpuscle ; 
a small temporary body formed in an unim- 
pregnated ovum as a result of cell-division. 
See extract. 
Resting on the dividing upper sphere are the eight- 
shaped "directive corpuscles," better called "prseseminal 
outcast cells or apoblasttt," since they are the result of a 
cell-division which affects the egg-cell before it is impreg- 
nated, and are mere refuse destined to disappear. 
K. R. Lankester, Encyc. Brit., XVI. 637. 
apocalypse (a-pok'a-lips), . [< ME. apocalipse, 
-ly/is, etc., abbr. pocalyps, < L. apocalypsis, 
< Gr. airond/.-mliis, an uncovering, revelation, < 
a-rroKaZvirTciv, uncover, reveal, < av6, from, + 
xaAi'Trrav, cover.] Revelation ; discovery ; dis- 
closure; specifically (with a capital letter), a 
title of the last book of the New Testament, 
usually called the book of Revelation, and in 
the English version the Revelation of St. John 
the Divine. 
apocalypt (a-pok'a-lipt), n. [< Gr. as if "diroKa- 
'/.'vTTTj/r, a revealer, < dn-osaAt'reu', reveal : see 
apocalypse, and cf. apocalyptist.] The author 
of the Apocalypse. Coleridge. [Rare.] 
apocalyptic (a-pok-a-lip'tik), a. and n. [< Gr. 
mroKa'/.vTTTiKOf, < a-xoKa'/.i'TTTfiv: see apoeali/pxi'.] 
I. a. 1 . Containing or pertaining to an apoca- 
lypse or revelation ; specifically, relating to or 
Apocarpous Fruit 
(achenia) of Thalic- 
trum antmonoiiits 
(rue-anemone). 
(Gray's " Genera of 
Plants of U. S." ) 
Apobates. Frieze of the Parthenon, 
British Museum. 
apocopate 
simulating the book of Revelation in the New 
Testament. 2. Given to the explanation or 
application of prophecy. 
As if (forsooth) there could not be so much as a few 
houses fired, . . . but that some (tpwtiliiptic ignoramus or 
other must presently find, and pick it out of some abused. 
martyred prophecy of Ezekiel, Dank-1. <>i- tlte Kcvelation. 
Hui/Hi. Sermons, V. !n. 
Apocalyptic number, the number WiC, spoken of in Rev. 
xiii. is. 
II. 11. Same as apocalt/ptist. 
The divine apoeatyftio, Li;ttilfitl, Misc., p. 107. 
apocalyptical (a-pok-a-lip'ti-kal), a. Same as 
apocalyptic. 
apocalyptically (a-pok-a-lip'ti-kal-i), adv. In 
an apocalyptic manner; in, or in relation to, 
the Apocalypse ; by revelation. 
apocalypticism (a-pok-a- lip ' ti-sizm), . [< 
apocalyptic + -/.] 1 . In tlieol., the doctrine of 
the second coming and personal reign of Christ 
upon the earth: so called from its supposed 
justification in the Apocalypse or Revelation 
of St. John. See millenarianism. 
The old Christian eschatology is set aside ; no one has 
dealt such deadly blows to Chiliasm and Christian apoca- 
lypliciim as Origen. Encyc. Brit., XVII. 842. 
2. Excessive fondness for interpreting the 
prophecies of the Apocalypse; tendency to 
theorize over-confidently as to the events of the 
last days, on the ground of a favorite individual 
or polemical explanation of the Apocalypse. 
apocalyptist (a-pok-a-lip'tist), n. [As apoca- 
lypt + -ist.J 1. The writer of the Apocalypse. 
2. An interpreter of the Apocalypse. 
Also apocalyptic. 
apocarpous (ap-o-kar'pus), a. [< NL. apocar- 
pus, < Gr. air6, from, + Kapnof, fruit.] In bot., 
having the carpels of the gy- 
no3cium separate. Applied to an 
ovary or a fruit composed of one or 
more simple and distinct pistils, as 
in the Ranunculaceas and many Ro- 
Kacece. 
apocatastasis (ap"o-ka-tas'ta- 
sis), . [< Gr. a-OKaTaoTaaif, 
the period of a star, return, 
restoration, < anoKoBccravaL, re- 
store, return, reestablish, < 
air6, from, + Kafftardvai, estab- 
lish, < Kara, down, + laravai, set, 
cause to stand, = L. stare, stand.] Reestablish- 
ment; full restoration ; final restitution. Used 
specifically to denote (at) In atftron., the periodic circu- 
lation of a planet, as bringing it back to the point from 
which it had set out. (b) In med., the restoration which 
is indicated by the cessation or subsiding of an abscess or a 
tumor, (c) In theol., the final restitution of all things, in 
which all the wicked of all time will be fully restored to the 
favor of God. The doctrine of snch a restitution, founded 
on Acts iii. 21 and other passages of Scripture, has appeared 
in the Christian church at different times during the past 
seventeen centuries, and forms an important feature of 
the creed of modern Universalists. See restitution. Also 
spelled apokatasta&is. 
apocatharsis (ap'o-ka-thar'sis), n. [NL., < 
Gr. inroKaOapaif, that which is cleared off, < OTTO- 
KaOaipeiv, clear off, cleanse, < dirA, off, + KaSai- 
peiv, cleanse: see cathartic.] In med., same as 
catharsis. Dmiglison. 
apocathartic (ap'o-ka-thar'tik), a. and . [< 
Gr. /nroKaffaarutdf, clearing off, cleansing, < dTro- 
KaBaipeiv, clear off: see apocatharsis.'] I. a. 
Same as cathartic, 1. 
II. . A cathartic. 
apochromatic (ap"o-kro-mat'ik), a. [< Gr. 
air6, from, + ^pa^a(T-), color, + -ic.] An epi- 
thet descriptive of an improved form of lens 
devised by Professor Abbe of Jena, constructed 
of new kinds of glass which allow of a more 
perfect correction of chromatic and spherical 
aberration than has hitherto been possible. The 
kinds of glass employed are chiefly remarkable in that 
their dispersion for different parts of the spectrum is near- 
ly proportional : hence a lens constructed of them is not 
subject to the limitation of an ordinary achromatic lens of 
being strictly achromatic for two colors only. Another de- 
fect of ordinary lenses, that their spherical aberration is 
not corrected for all rays, is also largely overcome. 
The elimination of these errors realizes an achromatism 
of higher order than has hitherto been attained. The ob- 
jectives of this system maybe therefore distinguished from 
achromatic lenses in the old sense of the word by the term 
apochroinatiztn, and may be called apochrvmatic objectives. 
Jour. Roy. Micros. Soc., Feb., 1S87, p. 28. 
apochromatisra (ap-o-kro'ma-tizm), n. [< apo- 
chromat-ic + -ism.] The condition of being 
apochromatic. See above. 
apocopate (a-pok'o-pat), r. t. ; pret. and pp. 
apocopated, ppr. apocopating. [< apocope + 
-ate 2 .} In gram., to cut off or drop the last 
letter or syllable of (a word). 
apocopate, apocopated (a-pok'o-pat, -pa-ted), 
p. a. Cut off: applied (a) in gram., to a word 
from which the last letter or syllable has been 
