Apollo 
pliin. He was the father of /Esrulapius, to whom he 
granted his art of healing. Apollo was honored, Imth 
locally and generally, under many special titles, of whirh 
each had its particular type in art and literature : as, 
Apollo. 
Central figure of the western pediment of the Temple of Zeus 
at Olympta ; 5th century B. C. 
Apollo Citharordns (Apollo who sings to the accompani- 
ment of the lyre), equivalent to Apollo Musagetes, the 
conductor of the Muses ; Apollo Sauroclonog (the Lizard- 
killer), etc. Apollo Belvedere, a celebrated antique 
statue of Apollo now preserved in the Belvedere gallery of 
the Vatican palace at Rome, and esteemed one of the 
noblest artistic representations of the human form. It 
was discovered at Porto d'Anzio, Italy, among the ruins 
of ancient Antimn, near the end of the fifteenth century. 
Delian Apollo, the Apollo of the central Hellenic 
sanctuary of Delos. The statue held a bow in one hand, 
and figures of the three Graces in the other. Delphinian 
Apollo, Apollo of the dolphin ; Apollo as the protector of 
sailors, navigation, and the marine: identified with the 
Delphian Apollo, or Apollo of Delphi (Pythian Apollo). 
Phoebus Apollo, Apollo as the god of radiant light. 
Pythian Apollo, the Apollo of Delphi, or the Pythian 
sanctuary ; Apollo as the slayer of the monster Python, 
whom he supplanted on Parnassus. 
2. [I. c.} In entom., a butterfly, Papilio apollo. 
. , 
Apollonian (ap-o-16'ni-au), a. [< Gr. 
wof, adj., also proper naine, < 'Ax6'Afa>v, Apollo.] 
1 . Possessing the traits or attributes of Apollo. 
2. Devised by or named after Apollonius of 
Perga, an ancient Greek geometer, celebrated 
for his original investigations in conic sections. 
He flourished under Ptolemy Philopator, 222- 
205 B. c Apollonian parabola, hyperbola, ellipse, 
the ordinary conic sections, whose three names are due to 
Apollonius. 
Apollonic (ap-o-lon'ik), a. Same as Apollo- 
nian, 1. 
Apollonius's problem. See problem. 
Apollyon (a-pol'ion), . [LL.,< Gr. ' 
prop. adj. airoAAiuv, destroying, ppr. of drro/U 
Aveiv, usually airo'A/.irvat, destroy utterly, < im6, 
from, + oAAvvai. destroy.] The destroyer: a 
name given (only in Eev. ix. 11) to the angel of 
the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew 
Abaddon. 
apologetic (a-pol-o-jet'ik), a. and n. [< LL. 
apologeticus, < Gr. airotoyi/riKof, fit for a defense, 
< ano'Aoyeiadat, speak in defense, < OTTO, from, 
away, + *Aoyeia0m, speak, < Uyof, speech, < 
teyuv, speak: see apology.'] I. a. 1. Of, per- 
taining to, or containing a defense; defend- 
ing by words or arguments ; said or written in 
defense : as, an apologetic essay. 2. Making 
apology or excuse; manifesting regret for or 
excusing some fault, failure, deficiency, imper- 
fection, etc., in one's own conduct or that of 
another: as, an apologetic reply; an apologetic 
manner Apologetic fathers. See father. 
II. n. An apology; a defense. [Bare.] 
It looks as if he wrote an apologetic to the mob on be- 
half of the prisoner. Roger North, Examen, p. 305. 
apologetical (a-pol-o-jet'i-kal), a. Same as 
apologetic. 
apologetically (a-pol-o-jet'i-kal-i), adv. In an 
apologetic manner ; by way of defense or ex- 
cuse. 
apologetics (a-pol-o-jet'iks), n. [PI. otapologet- 
ic, after LL. apologetica, neut. pi. of apologe- 
ticus : see apologetic.] That branch of demon- 
strative or argumentative theology which is 
concerned with the grounds and defense of 
Christian belief and hope. 
Apologetics defends and vindicates Christianity, as the 
perfect religion of God for all mankind, against the at- 
tacks of infidelity. Schaf, Christ and Christianity, p. 4. 
apologise, apologiser. See apologize, apolo- 
gizer. 
264 
apologist (a-pol'o-jist), n. [= F. apolngiste; < 
((/;/(/!/.] 1. One who speaks or writes in de- 
fense of anything ; one who champions a per- 
son or a cause, whether in public address or by 
literary means; one who makes an apology or 
defense. 
There is one difficult duty of an historian, which is too 
nftt-ii passed over by the party-writer ; it is to pause when- 
ever he feels himself warming with the passions of the 
multitude, or becoming tin- blind r//W<//( of arbitrary 
power. /. ll'lgrarli. Curins. of Lit., IV. 390. 
Specifically 2. Eccles., a defender of Chris- 
tianity ; in particular, one of the authors of the 
early Christian apologies. 
apologize (a-pol'o-jiz), >.; pret. and pp. apolo- 
;/'-/, ppr. apologizing. [< apology + -i~r.] I. 
intrans. 1. To make an apology or defense; 
speak or write in favor of some person or 
thing; offer defensive arguments. 2. To make 
an apology or excuse ; acknowledge or express 
regret for a fault : followed by for : as, he apolo- 
gized for his delay in replying. 
Il.t trans. To make or write an apology for ; 
defend. 
Therefore the Christians, in his time, . . . were apolo- 
gized by Plinie the second. Dr. G. Beiuon. 
Also spelled apologise. 
apologize! (a-pol'o-jl-zer), n. One who apolo- 
gizes; one who makes apologies or excuses. 
Also spelled apologiser. 
apologue (ap'o-log), n. [< F. apologue, < L. 
apologus, < Gr. inrdAoyof, a story, tale, fable, < 
oird, from, + \kynv, speak, Myof, speech.] A 
story or relation of fictitious events intended 
to convey useful truths ; a moral fable ; an alle- 
gory. An apologue differs from a parable in that the 
latter is drawn from events which occur among man- 
kind, and is therefore supported by probability, while the 
former may be founded on supposed actions of brutes or 
inanimate things, and therefore does not require to be 
supported by probability, ^sop's fables are good exam- 
ples of apologues. 
apologuert (ap'o-log-er), . [< apologue + -er 1 .] 
One who writes apologues ; a fabler. Burton. 
apology (a-pol'6-ji), . ; pi. apologies (-jiz). [= 
F. apologie, < LL. apologia, < Gr. airoAoyia, a 
speech in defense, < diratjiyeioBat, speak in de- 
fense: see apologetic, and ef. apologue."] 1. 
Something said or written in defense, vindica- 
tion, or excuse ; specifically, a defense or justi- 
fication of a doctrine, system, course of con- 
duct, etc., against objections or criticisms. 
I shall neither trouble the reader nor myself with any 
apology for publishing these sermons. Tillotson. 
Bishop Watson's " Apology for the Bible" is a good book 
with a bad title. R. Hall. 
2. An excuse, usually accompanied by an ex- 
pression of regret, for some fault. 
Apologies only account for what they do not alter. 
/. D' Israeli. 
3. That which imperfectly serves a given pur- 
pose ; a temporary substitute ; a makeshift. 
He wears a wisp of black silk round his neck, without 
any stiffener, as an apology for a neckerchief. Dickens. 
4t. An apologue. 
A pretty apology of a league that was made betwixt the 
wolves and the sheep. 
TopseU, Four-Footed Beasts, p. 578. (If. E. D.) 
= Syn. 2. Apology, Excuse, Plea. Apology has in this 
sense the force of an admission that one has been, at least 
seemingly, in the wrong ; it therefore pleads any extenu- 
ating circumstances, or, more often, offers a frank acknow- 
ledgment as the best that can be done toward making 
matters right. Excuse may mean a defense, or an expla- 
nation simply : as, his excuse was quite sufficient ; or it may 
be a mere attempt at justification : as, it was only an ex- 
cuse ; or it may be a begging to be released from a claim : 
as, "they all with one consent began to make excuse," 
Luke xiv. 18. A plea consists, according to the occasion, 
of an appeal for leniency, or of justificatory or exculpatory 
argument or persuasion. 
Our English Martyrologer counted it a sufficient apology 
for what meanness might be found in the first edition of 
his "Acts and Monuments," that it was "hastily rashed 
up in about fourteen months." 
C. Mather, Introd. to Mag. Chris. 
Weakness is thy excuse, 
And I believe it. Milton, S. A., 1. 829. 
Hellenic art and philosophy were and remain an uncon- 
scious plea for humanity in its own right. 
t'altlis of the World, p. 301. 
apolytikion (ap"o-li-tik'i-on), n.j pi. apolytikia 
(-a). [MGr. avoAvrimov, < Gr. airoAvriKOf, dis- 
posed to acquit, < air6/.vrof, loosed, free, verbal 
adj. of axoAveiv, loose from, let go, dismiss, < 
atro, from, + Aveiv, loose.] In the Gr. Ch., a 
dismissal hymn. 
Apomatostoma (a-po-ma-tos'to-ma), n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. a- priv. -t- Trufja(T-), a liil, + aro/ia, 
mouth.] A suborder of pectinibranchiate or 
ctenobranchiate mollusks, composed of the 
families Involuta, Volutacea, and Coronata. 
Menke, 1830. Also written Apomastoma. F6- 
rnssac, 1819. 
apophyge 
apomecometer (ap"<i-me-kom'e-ter), . [< Gr. 
av6, from, away, + fujicof, length, a long dis- 
tance, + /itr/iov, measure.] An Instrument used 
in measuring heights, constructed on the same 
principle as the sextant. 
apomecometry (ap"o-me-kom'e-tri),. [As 
ii/iiniii miiirti i' + -i/.] Tlie art of measuring ele- 
viitiiins and distances. 
apomorphine (ap-o-mor'fin), . [< Gr. a7r6, 
from, + mor/Mia + -tin 2 .] An artificial alka- 
loid, C 17 H 17 NO<j, prepared from morphine. 
The hydrochumte is iist-d in nn-dirim- us a pmvui'fnl 
i niftic. It i^ usually Administered hypi'dmim-ally. Also 
(as Nt-w Latin) <ii'iin,i-/>hiit<i . <//M//ory,A/,/. f,,i''t'n>tn,-j,j,in. 
aponeurography (ap"o-nu-rog'ra-fi), n. [< Gr. 
Smntbpuaif, aponeurosis, + -ypafyia, < ypafaiv, 
write, describe.] A description of apoueu- 
roses. 
aponeurology (ap*o-nu-rol'o-ji), . [< Gr. OTTO- 
vei'ixMit;, aponeurosis, + -?.o} ia, < Afyetv, speak: 
see -ology.J 1. The anatomy of aponeuroses. 
2. A treatise on aponeuroses. 
aponeurosis (ap o-nu-ro'sis), n.; pi. ajjoneu- 
roses(-sez). [NL., < Gr. airovei'i>uai<; (Galen), 
the end of a muscle where it becomes tendon, < 
inravevpovaOai, become a tendon, < OTTO, from, + 
vevpov = li. nerrus, sinew, tendon, nerve: see 
nerre and neuralgia.'] In anat., any fascia or fas- 
cial structure ; especially, the tendon of a mus- 
cle when broad, thin, flat, and of a glistening 
whitish color, or the expansion of a tendon cov- 
ering more or less of the muscle, or a broad, thin, 
whitish ligament. The name was given to these struc- 
tures when they were supposed to be expansions of nerves, 
any hard whitish tissue being then considered nervous. 
In present usage aponeurosis is nearly synonymous with 
fatna, but is oftener applied to the fascia-like tendons of 
muscles : as, the aponeurosi* of the oblique muscle of the 
abdomen. 
aponeurosy (ap-o-nu'ro-si), n. ; pi. aponeurosies 
(-siz). Same as aponeurosis. 
aponeurotic (ap"6-nu-rot'ik), a. [< aponi'um- 
sis: see -otic.'] Having the nature of an apo- 
neurosis; relating to the thin and expansive 
sheath of a muscle ; fascial ; tendinous. 
aponeurotomy (ap*o-nu-rot'o-mi), n. [< Gr. 
aTTovevpuatf, aponeurosis, + topi], a cutting, < 
Tt/tvEtv, ra/jeiv, cut. Cf. anatomy.] 1. In anat., 
dissection of the aponeuroses. 2. In surg., 
section of aponeuroses. 
apoop (a-p8p'), prep. plir. as adv. or a. [< <j3 + 
poop."] On the poop; astern. 
She . . . could get along very nearly as fast with the 
wind ahead, as when it was a-poop. 
Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 96. 
apopemptic (ap-o-pemp'tik), a. [< Gr. 
TTTIKOC,, valedictory, < airoTTtfineiv, send off, dis- 
miss, < a/r<5, off, + irifivetv, send.] Valedictory. 
apopetalous (ap-o-pet'a-lus), a. [< NL. apo- 
petalus, < Gr. air6, from,'4- TTITOAOV, leaf, in mod. 
bot. petal.] In hot., having the corolla com- 
posed of several distinct petals : equivalent to 
the more common term polypetalous. 
apophantic (ap-o-fan'tik), a. [< Gr. fmoijtavTi- 
n6<;, declaratory, < aTc<x^alveiv, declare. Cf. apo- 
pliasis.] Containing or consisting of a declara- 
tion. statement, or proposition ; declaratory. 
apophasis (a-pof 'a-sis), . [LL. , < Gr. air6^aaif, 
a negation, denial, < inrotyavat, deny, < area, from, 
off, + 0dj>a( = L. fart, say.] In rliet., denial 
of an intention to speak of something which 
is at the same time hinted or insinuated; 
paralipsis (which see). 
apophlegmatict (ap'o-fleg-mat'ik), a. and n. 
[< Gr. airo<t>'Ae) [laTinof (Galen) ; cf. inro<l>/.y/iaTi&iv, 
promote the discharge of phlegm or mucus : see 
apophlegmatisni.] I. a. In med., having the 
quality of exciting discharges of phlegm or mu- 
cus from the mouth or nostrils. 
II. ). Anything which promotes the dis- 
charge of phlegm or mucus ; an expectorant. 
apopnlegmatismt (ap-o-fleg'ma-tizm), n. [< 
LL. apophlegmatismos, <! Gr. a7rb^/7//arr/JOf, < 
a7ro<t>foy/jaTi&tv, promote the discharge of phlegm 
or mucus, < a-6, from, + Qtey/ia, phlegm, mu- 
cus.] 1. Something which excites discharges 
of phlegm. 2. The action of apophlegmatic 
medicines. 
apophthegm, apophthegmatic, etc. See apo- 
tlifiim, etc. 
apophyge (a-pof 'i-je), n. [NL. (cf. F. /<- 
pliyijv, s L. apupTiygis), < Gr. avo(j>vy^, lit. an es- 
cape, < oTro^E vyeiv, flee away, escape, < and, from, 
away, + <j>eiryeiv, flee.] In arch.: (a) That part 
of a column of one of the more ornate orders 
which is molded into a concave sweep where 
the shaft springs from the base or terminates 
in the capital. Sometimes called the acitpe or 
spring of the column. See order. (4) The hoi- 
