apostolic 
there. See father. Apostolic king, a title granted by 
the pope to the kings of Hungary, lirst conferred on St. 
Stephen (A. D. 1000), the founder of the royal line of Hun- 
gary, for what he accomplished in the spreading of Chris- 
tianity. The title was renewed by Clement XIU. in 1758, 
in favor of the Austro-Hungarian royal house, and was 
abolished in 1848, but was ivassnincd as aiislnlii' majesty 
in Ls.">l, and restricted to the emperor in his character of 
kin;; of Hungary in 1SBS. Apostolic see, a name origi- 
nally applied to certain churches, particularly to those at 
Antioch, Rome, and Ephrsns. tirninsr founded by apos- 
tles ; now, howcvt-r, specially appropriated by the Church 
of Rome, on the ground that it was founded by St. Peter 
and that its popes are his successors. Apostolic suc- 
cession, an uninterrupted succession 01 bishops, and 
through them of priests and deacons (these three orders of 
ministers being called the it /'/ixtnlir orders), in the ehnrch, 
by regular ordination from the first apostles down to the 
present day, maintained by the Roman Catholic, Greek, 
Oriental, and Anglican churches to be historical and to 
be essential to the transmission of valid orders. Catho- 
lic Apostolic Church, a name adopted by the sect popu- 
larly known as Irvingites. See Innnffite. 
II. n. [cap."] 1 . A member of one of various 
sects (also called Apostolicals or Apostolici) 
which professed to revive the doctrine and 
practice of the apostles, (a) One of a sect which in 
the third and fourth centuries condemned marriage and 
individual ownership of property, (b) A member of an 
anti-sacerdotal sect of the twelfth century, in Germany 
and France, which denounced the corruption of the papal 
hierarchy, and rejected many of the doctrines of the Ro- 
man Church, (c) One of the Apostolic Brethren of north- 
ern Italy, in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, who 
assumed a vow of poverty, denounced the papacy, and 
foretold its destruction and the inauguration of a new age 
under the dispensation of the Holy Ghost. Their first 
leader, Sagarelli, was put to death in 1300 ; their second, 
Dolcino, who made war against the papacy, in 1307. 
2. A title of bishops in early times, afterward 
limited to primates, and finally to the pope. 
apostolical (ap-os-tol'i-kal), a. and n. Same 
as apostolic Apostolical notary. See notary. 
apost olically (ap - os - tol ' i - kal - i), adv. In an 
267 
ter or letters regularly sounded and written, and omitted 
only in poetical or colloquial speech, as in o'er for over, 
don't for dp mit, etc. ; or (c) of a letter regularly sound. -d 
but not written, as in the possessives <-ti tnrli X/ar'x, .///, >'*, 
etc., and so formerly often in similar plurals now written 
in full, as c/Hm7<i'*, /o.n'\, ./i<m'.sr.s-. The apostrophe is now 
extended to all possessives (except of pronouns) as a mere 
sign of the ease, as boy'tt, Iwn'g, etc., also when the suffix 
is omitted, as in coimcieiice' sake, and in plural possessives, 
as boi/x', Iwnx' ; and it is still used in some unusual or pe- 
culiar plurals, as many D. D.'s and LL. D.'x, a succession 
of <*X four 9', etc. 
3. The sign (') used for other purposes, espe- 
cially, single or double, as a concluding mark 
of quotation, as in " 'Well done,' said he." See 
quntntion-mark. 
apostrophic 1 (ap-o-strof'ik), a. [< apostrophe 1 
+ -e.] In rhet., pertaining to, resembling, or 
of the nature of an apostrophe. 
apostrophic 2 (ap-o-strof'ik), a. [< apostrophe 2 
+ -ic.] In gram., pertaining to the apostrophe. 
apostrophize 1 (a-pos'tro-fiz), v. ; pret. and pp. 
apostrophized, ppr. apostrophising. [< apostro- 
phe 1 + -ize. Cf. ML. apostrophare, ) F. apos- 
tropher.] I. trans. In rhet., to address by apos- 
trophe. 
There is a peculiarity in Homer's manner of apontro- 
phizinff Eumscus, and speaking of him in the second per- 
son. Pope, Odyssey, xiv. 41, note. 
II. intrans. To make an apostrophe or short 
digressive address in speaking; speak in the 
manner of an apostrophe. 
Also spelled apostrophise. 
apostrophize 2 (a-pos'tro-fiz), v. i. [< apostro- 
phe^ + -ize^\ In gram. : (a) To omit a letter 
or letters. (6) To mark such omission with 
the sign ('). 
apostrophyt, n. See apostrophe 1 . 
apostumet, A corrupt form of apostem. 
Apotactic (ap-o-tak'tik), n. Same as Apotacttte. 
apothem 
one of the worshipful companies of London, incorporated 
by royal charter in 1617. It is empowered to grant a li- 
ci-nse to practise medicine. Apothecaries' Hall, the 
hall of the corporation of apothecaries of London, where 
medicines are prepared and sold under their direction. 
Apothecaries' weight, the system of weights formerly 
iu i irrat Britain, and still in the I'nitcd States, employed 
in dispensing drugs, differing only in its subdivisions from 
troy weight. The table is as follows : 
Dr*m. Scruple*. Grtini. 
: 96 = 288 = 5760 
= 8 = 24 = 480 ' 
3 = 60 
20 
1 pound (ft) = 12 
1 ounce (X) 
1 dram (3) 
1 scruple (3) 
apothecia. n. Plural of apothecium. 
apothecial (ap-o-the'sial), a. [< apothecium + 
-al] Pertaining or relating to an apothecium. 
Apothecial reactions for the most part take place either 
externally on the epithccium or internally on the hyme- 
llial gelatin. Encyc. Brit., XIV. 559. 
apothecium (ap-6-the'gium), n. ; pi. apothecia 
(-gia). [NL.,< (Jr. an-oftyw?, a storehouse: see 
apoiliec.] In bot., the fruit of lichens, usually 
an open, rounded, shield- or dish-shaped body 
attached to the surface, as in gymnocarpous 
lichens, or globular and immersed in the sub- 
stance of the thallus, as in the angiocarpous 
series Of genera. An apothecium consists of an ex- 
ciple and the included hymenium. The exciple is com- 
posed of a layer of cells (hypothecium) with or without an 
ance with the doctrines of the apostles. 
apostolicism (ap-os-tol'i-sizm), n [< apostolic 
The quality of being apostolic; pro- 
'..,' 
i publicity, 
The quality of being apostolic ; one of the four 
qualities of the true church as given in the 
Constantinopolitan Creed, A. D. 381, namely, 
unity, sanctity, catholicity, apostolicity. 
Apostoline (a-pos'to-lin), n. [< ML. Aposto- 
linus, < LL. apostolus, apostle.] A member of 
a religious congregation of men established 
in Milan in the fifteenth century, and follow- 
ing the rule of the Hermits of St. Augustine. 
They were also called Ambrosians, from the church of 
St. Ambrose at their mother house, and Apostolic Breth- 
ren of the Poor Life, whence they have been sometimes 
confounded with the Apostolics. (See Apostolic, n., 1 (c).) 
They were for a time merged with the order of Barnabitcs, 
and were finally suppressed in the seventeenth century. 
Apostoolian (ap-os-to'li-an), re. See Apostolian. 
apostrophe 1 (a-pos'tro-fe), n. [Formerly also 
apostrophy = G. apostrophe = F. apostrophe = 
Sp. apostrofe = Pg. apostrophe = It. apostrofe, 
apostrofa, < L. apostrophe, (. Gr. inroaTpofyi/, a turn- 
ing away, < airooTptfatv, turn away, < inru, away, 
+ arptyetv, turn. Cf. strophe.] 1. In rhet., a di- 
gressive address ; the interruption of the course 
of a speech or writing, in order to address brief- 
ly a person or persons (present or absent, real 
or imaginary) individually or separately ; hence, 
any abrupt interjectional speech. Originally 
the term was applied only to such an address 
made to one present. 
At the close of his argument, he turned to his client, in 
an affecting apostrophe. Everett, Orations, I. 277. 
2. In 60*., the arrangement of chlorophyl-gran- 
ules under the action of direct sunlight (light- 
apostrophe), and in darkness (dark-apostrophe) : 
in the first case upon the lateral walls of the 
cells, so that their edges are presented to the 
light ; in the latter, upon the lateral and basal 
cell-walls: used in distinction from epistrophe 
(which see). 
apostrophe 2 (a-pos'tro-fe), n. [In form and 
pron. confused with apostrophe 1 ; prop. *apo- 
stroph = G. apontroph = Sw. Dan. apostrof= F. 
apostrophe = Sp. apoxtrofo = Pg. apostropho = 
It. apostrofo, in E. first in LL. form apostrophus, 
< LL. aposli'oplniH, apostrophos, < Gr. an^or/w^of, 
the apostrophe, prop. adj. (sc. trpoautiia, accent), 
of turning away (elision), < airoarptyeiv, turn 
away: see apostrophe 1 .] 1. In gram., the omis- 
sion of one or more letters in a word. 2. In 
writing and prin ting, the sign (') used to indicate 
such omission. The omission may be (a) of a letter or 
letters regularly written but not sounded, as in tho' for 
though, lio'd for lived, aim'd for aimed, etc. ; (6) of a let- 
for a special use, s 
verbal adj. of inrordaaetv, set apart, assign spe- 
cially, < air 6, from, -f- rdaaeiv, arrange, ordain : see 
tactic.'] One of a community of ancient Chris- 
tians who, in imitation of the recorded acts of 
certain of the first followers of Christ, added to 
the ascetic vows of the Encratites, of whom they 
were a branch, a renunciation of all personal 
property: probably the same as the early Apos- 
tolics. See Apostolic, n., 1 (a). 
apotelesmt (a-pot'e-lezm), n. [< Gr. imorktea/ia, 
result, effect, event, the result of certain posi- 
tions of the stars on human destiny, < airorefeiv, 
complete, accomplish, < tnr6, from, + reheiv, 
< TE/tof, end.] 1. The result; the sum and 
substance. N. E. D. 2. In med., the result or 
termination of a disease. 3. In astrol., the 
calculation of a nativity. Bailey. 
apotelesmatict (ap"o-tel-ez-mat'ik), a. [< Gr. 
cmoTMaiiaTiKoc,, < diroreAeo/ja : see apotelesm.] 
Relating to astrology ; pertaining to the casting 
of horoscopes. 
apothect (ap'6-thek), n. [Early mod. E. also 
apothecke, and corruptly apothect, oppatheke, 
etc., < OF. apotheque, apoteque, displaced in 
later F. by the borrowed boutique, a shop, < Pr. 
botica, later boutiga, a shop, = Sp. Pg. botica, 
apothecary's shop, Sp. also bodega, a wine-cel- 
lar, shop, grocery, Pg. bodega, a public house, 
eating-house, = It. bottega, dial, potega, pntiga, 
a shop, = D. apotheek = G. apotheke = Dan. Sw. 
apothek, an apothecary's shop, < L. apotheca, a 
repository, storehouse, warehouse, ML. a shop, 
store, < Gr. cnroOt/nr/, a repository, storehouse, < 
diroTiBlvai, put away, < dv6, away, + ridivai, put, 
~) dr/mi, a case, box, chest : see apo- and tlwca.~\ 
A shop ; especially, a drug-shop. 
apothecary (a-poth'e-ka-ri), . ; pi. apotheca- 
ries (-riz). [Early mod. E. also by apheresis 
pothecary, poticari/, etc., < ME. apothecarie, 
apothicarie, etc., by apheresis pptecarie, poti- 
carie, etc., < OF. apotecaire, apoticaire, mod. F. 
apothicaire, = Sp. Pg. boticario, apothecary, = 
It. bottegajo, a shopkeeper, = D. G. Dan. apo- 
theker = Sw. apothckare, < LL. apothecarius, a 
warehouseman, ML. a shopkeeper, apothecary, 
< L. apotlteca : see apothec.~\ One who prac- 
tises pharmacy ; a skilled person who prepares 
drugs for medicinal uses and keeps them for 
sale ; a pharmacist. In England and Ireland the 
term is now specifically applied to a member of an inferior 
branch of the medical profession, licensed, after examina- 
tion by the Apothecaries' Company, to practise medicine 
as well as to sell and dispense drugs. In Scotland, how- 
ever, as in the United States, an apothecary is simply a 
pharmacist qualified by examination and license to com- 
pound, sell, and dispense medicines. See druggist. 
Apothecaries' Act, an English statute of 1815 (56 Geo. 
III., c. 104) regulating the business of apothecaries, the 
examination of drugs, etc. Apothecaries' Company, 
Apothecia. (From Sachs's "Lehrbuch der Botanik.") 
A, vertical section of apothecium of Anaptychia ciliaris (much en- 
larged) : r, cortex ; ff, gonidia ; nt, medullary layer ; h, hymenium ; y, 
suuhymenial layer and exciple. B, Usnta barbata, and C, Sticta 
fuhiionacea, with apothecia, a. 
additional subhymenial layer. The hymenium consists 
of asci (otherwise tliecse or thekes), which are the spore- 
bearing organs, usually intermingled with slender erect 
filaments (paraphyses). 
apothegm (ap'o-them), n. [First in E. as apo- 
thegm, but later also written apophthegm, = F. 
apophthegme =:&]). apotegma = Pg. apophtegma, 
apotegma = It. apotegma, apoftegma, < ML. "apo- 
ihegma, *apoplithcgma, < Gr. amtyfey/ia, a terse, 
pointed saying, < anoijtfly/eaSai, speak out plain- 
ly, < hv6, from, + <$iyytafia.i, cry out, utter.] A 
short, pithy, instructive saying; a terse remark, 
conveying some important truth ; a sententious 
precept or maxim. Also spelled apophthegm. 
Of [Sir Richard] Blackmore's attainments in the ancient 
tongues, it may be sufficient to say that in his prose he 
has confounded an aphorism with an apophthegm. 
Macaulay, Addison. 
= Syn. Aphorism, Axiom, Maxim, etc. See aphortem. 
apothegmatic (ap'o-theg-mat'ik), a. [< Gr. 
airotpdeyuaTiKdc,, sententious, ( airotpdeyfia, apo- 
thegm.] 1. Pertaining to or having the char- 
acter of an apothegm ; containing an apothegm 
or apothegms ; sententious. 2. Given to the 
use of apothegms. 
Also spelled apophthegmatic. 
apothegmatical (ap*o-theg-mat'i-kal), a. Same 
as apotlicgmatic. Also spelled apophthegmatical. 
apothegmatist (ap-o-theg'ma-tist), n. [< Gr. 
air6^6eyfia(r-), apothegm, + -ist.~\ A collector 
or maker of ap-c<* "ems. Also spelled apoph- 
thegmatist. 
apothegmatize (ap-o-theg'ma-tiz), v. i. ; pret. 
and pp. apothcgmatized, ppr. apothcgmati.ing. 
[< Gr. ajro^9f yfia(T-), apothegm, + -i:e.] To utter 
apothegms. Also spelled apopMhegmati:e. 
apothem, apotheme (ap'o-them, -th'em), . [= 
F. apotheme, < NL. apothema, < Gr. as if *av6- 
Oefjui, < airoTmevai, set off, put aside, deposit: see 
apothesis."] 1. In geom., a perpendicular let 
fall from the center of a regular polygon upon 
one of its sides. 2. In pliiirtiuit'i'itUes, the more 
or less completely insoluble brownish substance 
