apothem 
deposited when vegetable infusions, decoctions, 
tinctures, etc., are subjected to prolonged evap- 
oration by heat with access of air. The sub- 
stance or substances out of which it is in this 
way formed constitute the so-called extrtictire. 
apothema (a-poth'e-ma), n. [NL. : see apo- 
tlu-nt.] Sume as apotln-m. 
apotheme, . See apothem. 
apotheosis (ap-o-the'6-sis or ap"o-the-6'sis), 
n. ; 'pi. apotheoses (-sez). [LL., < Gr. aTrotteuaif, 
a deification, < awoHcociv, tnrodeovv, deify, < d;ro, 
from, + fedf, a god.] 1. Deification; conse- 
cration ; specifically, under the Roman empire, 
the formal attribution of divine honors to a de- 
ceased emperoror other member of the imperial 
family. 
A regular custom was introduced, that on the decease 
of every emperor who had neither lived nor died like a ty- 
rant, the senate, by a solemn decree, should place him in 
268 
apotropaion (ap"o-tro-pa'yon;, n. ; pi. aputro- 
ptiiti (-ya). [NL. prop, 'apotropii'iim, -icon, 
repr. Gr. airorpfaaiov, neut. of axorpdjraiof, avert- 
ing evil, < aiTOTpoiT!/, a turning away, averting, 
< &mrparen>, turn away, avert: see apotropous.] 
In 6V. antiq., any sign, symbol, or amulet re- 
puted to have the power of averting the evil 
eye or of serving in any way as a charm against 
bad luck. In art, the representation of an eye, as on 
punted vases, was often introduced in this character; and 
figurines of comic, indecent, or terrifying subjects and eari- 
apparatus 
Wine of its own nature will nut nmnval and freeze; 
only it will lust- tbu strength and become aiipiillfd in ex- 
tivmityof cold. ll,,tliti,,l, tr.'nf I'liny. 
appal, appall (a-pal'), . [< appal, appall, r.] 
A state ot terror; affright; dismay; consterna- 
tion. [Rare.] 
Him (Ajax] viewed the Greeks exulting, with ap/ial 
The Trojans. ('<,u<i,t>,-, Iliad, vi. 
Appalachian (ap-a-lach'i-an or -la'chi-an), a. 
[Named from the AppalaoKss, an Indian tribe.] 
Appellative of or pertaining to a system of 
mountains in eastern North America, extending 
the number of the gods ; and the ceremonies of his apo- 
re blended with those of his funeral. Gibbon. 
ropous ovule Which when erect or ascending 
has its raphe toward the placenta, or averse 
pendulous: 
divided into many 
sive division. The name Appalachian was first applied by 
the Spaniards to the extreme southern part of the system. 
theosis were 1 
In order to invest themselves with a sacred character, 
the emperors adopted the religious device of an apotheosis. 
Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 272. 
2. Figuratively, excessive honor paid to any 
great or distinguished person; the ascription 
of extraordinary virtues or superhuman quali- 
ties to a human being. 
Exerting himself in laudation, almost in apotheosis, of 
the republican heroes and martyrs. 
Stedman, Viet. Poets, p. 399. 
3. The personification and undue exaltation of 
a virtue, a sentiment, or an idea. 
The apotheosis of chivalry, in the person of their apos- 
tle and patron, St. James. J'rescott, Ferd. and Isa., Int. 
apotheosize (ap-o-the'o-siz or ap"o-the-6'siz), 
v. t. ; pret. and pp. apotheosized, ppr. apotheosiz- 
ing. [< apotheosis + -ize.~\ 1. To consecrate 
or exalt to the dignity of a deity; deify. 2. 
To pay excessive honor or ascribe superhuman 
qualities to ; glorify ; exalt. 
apothesis (a-poth'e-sis), n. [NL. (L., in arch., 
the same as apophyge), < Gr. airdSeatf, a laying 
up, a putting back or away, a storing up, a set- 
ting or disposition of a dislocated or fractured 
limb, also the same as apodyterium, q. v., < 
airoTiBerai, put back or away, < O.TTO, away, + 
riBivai, put, set, place : see apo- and thesis.] 
In surg. : (a) The reduction of a dislocation or 
fracture. Hooper, (b) The disposition proper 
to be given to a fractured limb after reduction. 
Dunglison. 
apotome (a-pot'o-me), n. [NL., < Gr. cmoro/if/, 
a cutting off, a piece, the larger segment of a 
tone, < aTTorefiveiv, cut off, < inr6, off, + rtfivciv, 
ra/jeiv, cut. ] 1. In math., a term used by Euclid 
to denote a straight line which is the difference 
between two straight lines that are rational (in 
Euclid's sense, that is, are either commensur- 
able with the unit line, or have their squares 
commensurable with the square on the unit 
line) and that are commensurable in power 
only (that is, have their squares commensur- 
able, but are themselves incommensurable). 
Apotomes are of six incommensurable classes. To define 
these, let o denote the length of the minuend line, called 
by Euclid the whole, and let TT denote the length of the 
subtrahend line, called by Euclid the adapted line (irpoo-- 
qp^ogoygq). The apotome is o TT. It is & first apotome if 
o and j/o2 rr2 are commensurable with the unit line. It 
is a second apotome if T/O'^TT'^ is commensurable with o 
and TT is commensurable with the unit line. It is a third 
apotome if j/o2 n-2 is commensurable with o, but neither 
o nor TT is commensurable with the unit line. It is a fourth 
apotome if o is incommensurable with 1^02^2, but is com- 
mensurable with the unit line. It is a fifth apotome if 
l/oS ir2 is incommensurable but ir commensurable with 
the unit line. It is a sixth apotome if neither -/o2 w2, 
o, nor TT is commensurable with unity. The first apotome 
of a medial line is the difference of two medial lines, com- 
mensurable in power only, whose rectangle is a rational 
area. The second apotome of a medial line is the difference 
of two medial lines, commensurable in power only, whose 
rectangle is a medial area. 
2. In the Pythagorean musical system, the 
greater of the two half steps or semitones into 
which the whole step or whole tone is divided. 
Its vibration-ratio is iifj. 
apotomy (a-pot'o-tm), . Same as apotome. 
apotrepsis'(ap-o-trep'sis), n. [NL.,< Gr. OTTO- 
rpEi/)(f, aversion, a turning away, < aTrorpeneiv, 
turn away: seo aputropous.] In med., the reso- 
lution of an inflammatory tumor. [Rare.] 
apotropaia. . Plural of apotropaion. 
apotropaic (ap"o-tro-pa'ik), a. [< apotropaion 
T -ic.] Possessing the property of an apotro- 
paion; having the reputed power of averting 
evil influences. 
The sacrifice [to Mars] of the "October horse," in the 
Campus Martina, . . . had also a naturalistic and apotro- 
paic character. Encyc. Erit., XV. 570. 
the leaves of two plants, Vibnrm'nn ow/'o ulrx and Ilex 
ApOUSt, n. bee Apus. Cassine, sometimes used asji substitute for Chinese tea. 
also apale, 
le same asapiml/, 
, ,-- ., , , ^ , 'loser association 
In Gr. antiq., one using the strigil; one scrap- with pale: see appal, pale 2 , ., and pull 2 .] An 
ing dust and perspiration from his body, as a old spelling of appal. 
bather or an athlete. Famous representations appalementt, n. [< appale + -meat.] An old 
in art are a statue by Polycletus and one by form of appalment. 
Lysippus. appall, t'. and n. See appal. 
My own impression of the relief [at Athens] of Apoxii- appalling (a-pa'ling), p. a. Causing or fitted 
omenoi is that the style had been influenced by Praxiteles, to cause dismay or horror: as, an appalling 
A S. Murray, Greek Sculpture, II. 334, note, accident ; an appalling sight. 
apozem (ap'o-zem), n. [< L. apozema, < Gr. OTTO- All the avenues of enquiry were painted with images of 
(e/M, a decoction, < inro^eiv, boil till the scum is appalling suffering, and of malicious diemons. 
thrown off, < inr6, from, + C,eiv, boil.] In med., Lecky, Europ. Morals, II. 243. 
a decoction or aqueous infusion of one or more appallingly (a-pa'ling-li), adv. In a manner to 
medicinal substances to which other medica- appal or transfix with fright; shockingly, 
ments are added, such as salts or syrups, appalment (a-pal'ment), n. [<.appal + -ment."\ 
[Rare.] The state of being appalled; depression occa- 
apozemical (ap-o-zem'i-kal), a. [< apozem + sioned by fear; discouragement through fear. 
-i'eoJ.] Pertaining to or having the nature of Also spelled appallmcnt, and formerly appaln- 
an apozem. [Rare.] incut. [Rare.] 
appairt (a-par'), v. [< ME. apairen, apayren, The furious slaughter of them was a great discourage- 
apeiren, apeyren, and by apheresis^aire, peiren, ment and appalement to the rest. Bacon, Hen. VII., p. 35. 
reduced from ampairen, anpairen, more cor- appanage (ap'a-uaj), . [< F. appanage, appe- 
rectly empeiren, whence later empair, mod. im- 
pair, q.y.] I. trans. To deface; damage; make 
worse ; impair ; bring into discredit ; ruin. 
It is a synne and eek a gret folye 
To apeyren any man or hym defame. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Miller's Tale, 1. 39. 
H. intrans. To degenerate ; become weaker; 
grow worse ; deteriorate ; go to ruin. 
It shulde not apaire. Chaucer, House of Fame, L 766. 
appal, appall (a-pal'), v. ; pret. and pp. ap- 
palled, ppr. appalling. [Early mod. E. also ap- 
paule, apawl, < ME. appallen, apallen, < OF. 
apallir, appallir, to grow pale, also apalir, ap- 
palir (whence, or according to which, the later- 
appearing E. appale, q. v.), = It. appallidire, 
grow pale, < L. ad (> It. a, F. a), to, + pallidus, France could little afford to see Normandy separated 
> It. pallido, OF. pale, pallc, mod. F. pale, pale : from its body, even though it was to form an apanage of 
see palft and pale%.] I.f intrans. 1. To grow one of its own princes. 
nage (Cotgrave), apanage, now only apanage (> 
E. also apanage), < OF. apaner = Pr. apanar, < 
ML. "appanare, apanare, furnish with bread, < 
L. ad, to, + pants (> F. pain), bread.] 1. Origi- 
nally, in the feudal law of France, that which 
was granted to the sons of the sovereign for their 
support, as lands and privileges, and which re- 
verted to the crown on the failure of male heirs. 
In Scotland, at a later date, appanage was the patrimony 
of the king's eldest son, upon whose death or succession 
to the throne it reverted to the crown. In England, the 
duchy of Cornwall is sometimes regarded as an appanage of 
the Prince of Wales ; in addition, he and other members 
of the royal family receive from Parliament allowances 
amounting to 158,000 out of the annual income derived 
from the hereditary crown lands surrendered to Parliament 
in the time of William IV. 
pale or become dim. 
Hir liste nat appalled for to be. 
Chaucer, Squire's Tale, 1. 357. 
2. To become weak in quality, or faint in 
strength; fade; fail; decay. 
Therewith her wrathful courage gan appall. 
Spenser, F. Q., IV. vi. 26. 
Like the Fire, whose heat doth soon apitalr. 
Tofte, Alba, ii., Pref. (N. E. D.) 
3. To become faint-hearted; lose courage or 
resolution ; become dismayed. 4. To become 
weak, flat, stale, and insipid; lose flavor or taste, 
as fermented liquor. 
I appalle, as drinke dothe or wyne, when it lesith his 
colour, or ale whan it hath stande longe. Palsgrave. 
pale; blanch. 
The answer that ye made to me, my dear, . . . 
Hath so appalled my countenance. 
Wyatt, To his Love. 
2f. To cause to become weak or to fail; weaken; 
reduce. 
But it were for an olde appalled [var. palled] wight. 
'. A. Freeman, Norm. Conq., III. 78. 
2. Whatever belongs or falls to one from one's 
rank or station in life. 
"I prefer respect to admiration," said Flora; "but I fear 
that respect is not the appanaye of such as I am." 
Disraeli, Coningsby, iv. 8. 
3. A natural or necessary accompaniment ; an 
endowment or attribute. 
Where, save the rugged road, we find 
No appanage of human kind. 
Wordsworth, Pass of Kirkstone. 
4. A dependent territory ; a detached part of 
the dominions of a crown or government : as, 
India is now only an appanage of Great Britain. 
Also written apanage, and sometimes appe- 
nage. 
appanagistt (ap'a-na-jist), n. [< F. apanagiste : 
see appanage and -ist.] A prince to whom an 
appanage was granted. Penny Cyc., II. 144. 
apparaget, n. [< OF. aparage, < aparer, < a, to, 
+ par, equal. Cf. mod. F. parage, rank, and E. 
peerage.'] Noble extraction: nobility; rank; 
quality. JV. E. D. 
Chaucer, Shipman's Tale, 1. 102. apparailet, . and v. A Middle English form 
All other thirst appall'd. Thomson, Seasons, of apparel. 
Severus, being appalled with age, . . . was constrained apparatet (ap'a-rat), n. Same as apparatus. 
to keep his chamber. Stow, Chron., The Bomaynes. Such ttpparate a ' nd order for puMic saL . ri nces. 
3. To deprive of courage or strength through Sheldon, Miracles, p. -271. 
fear; cause to shrink with fear; confound with apparatus (ap-a-ra'tus), n. sing, and pi.; pi. also 
fear; dismay; terrify: as, the sight appalled rarely apparatuses (-ez). [L., pi. apparatus, 
preparation, equipment, gear, < apparatus, pp. 
of apparare, adparare, prepare/ ad, to, + para- 
re, make ready, prepare : see pare and prepare."] 
the stoutest heart. 
Every noise appale me. Shak., Macbeth, ii. 2. 
Does neither rage inflame nor fear appal? 
Pope, Imit. of Hor., II. ii. 308. 
4f. To cause to become weak, flat, or stale, or 
to lose flavor or taste, as fermented liquor. 
An equipment of things provided and adapted 
as means to some end; especially, a collection, 
combination, or set of machinery, tools, instru- 
