body-guard 
body-guard (bod'i-gard), . One who protects 
or defends the person; a life-guard; collec- 
tively, the guard charged with the protection of 
some person, as a prince or an officer; hence, 
retinue ; attendance ; following. 
It might possibly be convenient that, when the Parlia- 
ment assembled, the King should repair to Westminster 
with a body-guard. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., ix. 
body-hoop (bod'i-hop), M. A band securing the 
arris pieces of a built mast. 
body-horse (bod'i-hors), . A shaft-horse. 
[Prov. ug.] 
body-loop (bod'i-lop), . A strap or iron arm 
connecting a wagon-body with the gearing. 
body-louse (bod'i-lous), n. A kind of louse, 
the Pediculus corporis or P. vestimenti, which 
is parasitic on man. It is generally found on the 
body, or concealed in the clothing, while the Pediculux 
capitix, or head-louse, infests the head. 
body-plan (bod'i-plan), n. In ship-building, 
a plan upon which are projected the intersec- 
tions of the sides of the vessel with transverse 
610 
of species yield tenacious fibers, used for making ropes, 
twine, net, and sewing-thread. The most important spe- 
cies is B. nivea, a shrubby plant of China and the East In- 
dies, which affords the valuable rhea-flber or grass-cloth 
c 
Body-plan. 
A, after-body ; B, fore-body ; C, C, center-line ; A D, load-line ; 
K, E, base-line. 
vertical planes passing through certain fixed 
points, the intersections with the fore-body 
being shown upon one side and those with the 
after-body on the other. 
body-post (bod'i-post), n. 1. An upright tim- 
ber in the sill and plate of a freight-car, form- 
ing one of the vertical members of the frame 
of the body. It corresponds to the window- 
posts in a passenger-car. 2. A post at the 
forward end of the opening in the deadwood 
of a steamship, within which the screw turns. 
body-servant (bod'i-ser"vant), n. A servant 
who waits upon or accompanies his employer ; 
a valet ; a personal attendant. 
body-snatcher (bod'i-snach'er), n. One who 
secretly disinters the bodies of the dead as sub- 
jects for dissection, or for the purpose of exact- 
ing a ransom ; a resurrectionist. 
body-snatching (bod'i-snach"iug), M. The act 
of robbing a grave to obtain a subject for dis- 
section. 
body-varnish (bod'i-var"nish), it. A thick and 
quick-drying copal varnish, used for carriages 
and other objects that are to be polished. 
body-wall (bod'i-wal), n. In zool., the general 
envelop or parietes of a body, especially of a 
low organism ; a cell-wall. 
body-whorl (bod'i-hwerl), H. The last-formed 
and generally largest whorl of a univalve shell. 
See univalve. 
Boedromia (bo-e-dro'mi-a), n.pl. See Boe'dro- 
mipn. 
Boedromion (bo-e-dro'mi-on), . [Gr. Bo^dpo- 
fu&v. the month in which were celebrated the 
'BariapAfua, < /3or/Sp6ftiOf, /3or/Sp6/jof, giving succor 
(SorjSpofielv, to run to a cry for aid), < jioij, Dor. 
poa, a shout, cry (< foav, to cry: see boation), 
+ -dpo/iof, < ipafieiv, run.] The third month of 
the Athenian year, corresponding to the latter 
part of September and the early part of Octo- 
ber. During this month the festival called Boedromia 
was celebrated, in commemoration of the succor given by 
Theseus against the Amazons. 
boef 1 t, An obsolete form of beef. 
boef 2 t, inter j. See buf. 
Boehm flute. See flute 1 , \. 
Bcehmeria (b6-me'ri-a), n. [NL., after G. B. 
Boehmer or Bohmer, a German botanist of the 
18th century ; cf . G. Bo'hme, a Bohemian, Boh- 
men, Bohemia.] A genus of dicotyledonous 
plants, natural order Urticacece, allied to the 
nettle, but without its stinging hairs. A number 
The Ramie-plant (SeeHtntria nivea}. 
fiber, also known under its Malay name of ramie. It has 
been long in cultivation in China and India, and success- 
ful attempts have been made to cultivate it in the United 
States. The species B. Puya, from which the Puya-flber 
is obtained, is now referred to the genus Maoutia. See 
grass-cloth. 
boeotarch (be-6'tark), n. [< L. Bceotarches, < 
Gr. BmuTapxif , < BOJTOZ, Boaotia, + ap%6<; , ruler : 
see arch-.] One of the chief magistrates of the 
Boeotian confederacy. Two were chosen by 
Thebes, and one by each of the other members 
of the league. 
Pelopidas and two others of the liberators were elected 
baeotarchs, or chief magistrates of Bceotia. 
Encyc. Brit., XVIII. 479. 
Boeotian (be-6'shian), a. and n. [< L. Bceotia, 
< Gr. Eoturia, Boaotia, Bo(ur/o<, the Boeotians.] 
1. a. 1. Pertaining to Boeotia, a division of 
central Greece, noted for its thick atmosphere, 
which was supposed to communicate its dull- 
ness to the intellect of the inhabitants. Hence 
2. Dull; stupid; ignorant; obtuse. 
II. n. 1 . A native or an inhabitant of Boeotia. 
Hence 2. A dull, ignorant, stupid person. 
Boeotic (be-ot'ik), a. Belonging to or charac- 
teristic of Boeotia or the Boeotians ; Boeotian : 
as, the Bceotic dialect. 
Boer (bor), . [Also written Boor, < D. boer, a 
farmer, a peasant: see boor.] The name given 
to the Dutch colonists of South Africa, who 
are principally engaged in agriculture or cattle- 
breeding. 
boffle (bof '!), v. A dialectal form of baffle. 
bog 1 (bog), . [Formerly bogge, < Ir. bogach =. 
Gael, bogan, a bog, morass, < Ir. Gael, hog, soft, 
moist, tender, in comp. bog-.~\ 1. Wet, soft, 
and spongy ground, where the soil is composed 
mainly of decayed and decaying vegetable mat- 
ter; a quagmire covered with grass or other 
plants; a piece of mossy or peaty ground; a 
moss. 
All the infections that the sun sucks up 
From boffg, fens, flats, on Prosper fall, and make him 
By inch-meal a disease ! Shak., Tempest, ii. 2. 
2. A little elevated piece of earth in a marsh 
or swamp, filled with roots and grass. Web- 
ster. [Local, U. S.] Bog-asphodel. See asphodel. 
-Bog-bilberry. See bilberry. Bog-iron ore, an im- 
pure ore of iron, essentially a hydrous oxid, of which the 
mineralogical name is limonite : found frequently at the 
bottom of lakes and in swampy localities, and usually of 
very recent origin. = Syn. 1. Quagmire, etc. See marsh. 
bog 1 (bog) r. ; pret. and pp. bogged, ppr. bog- 
fling. [< bog 1 , n.] I. trans. To sink or sub- 
merge in a bog, or in mud and mire: used 
chiefly in the passive, to be bogged. 
Bid him to be gone 
As far as he can fly, or follow day, 
Rather than here so boytfed in vices stay. 
B. Jonson, Underwoods, xxxii. 
'Twas time ; his invention had been bogged else. 
B. Jmuion, Every Man out of his Humour, iii. 8. 
Of Middleton's horse three hundred men were taken, 
inwl one hundred were togged. 
Whttelock, Memoirs (1682), p. 580. 
II. intrans. To sink or stick in a bog ; hence, 
to flounder among obstacles ; be stopped. 
bog 2 (bog), ji. [Earlymod. E. bogge, appar. a var. 
of the equiv. bug 1 , ME. bugge, connecting the 
latter with the equiv. boggle 1 , bogle, bogy, bog- 
i/ard 1 : see these words.] A specter; a bugbear. 
To take bogt, to boggle; shy; shrink. 
bog 3 (bog), H. and . [E. dial., formerly also 
bogge, earlier in deriv. form bogi/idi?, q. v. Cf. 
boggle 
, big 1 .] I. a. Bold; sturdy; self-sufficient; 
petulant; saucy. 
II. . Brag; boastfulness. Halliwcll. [Prov. 
Bug.] 
bog 3 (bog), . ; pret. and pp. bogged, ppr. bog- 
ging. [< bog' A , a. or .] I. intrans. To boast. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
Il.t trans. [Perhaps of other origin.] To 
provoke. 
bog 4 (bog), c. i. [E. dial.; origin unknown.] To 
ease the body by stool. 
boga (bo'ga), n. Same as bogue 2 . 
bog-bean (bog'ben), . The common name of 
the Menyauthes trifoliata, a gentianaceous bog- 
plant, a native of the more temperate parts of 
the northern hemisphere, it is a bitter tonic. The 
fringed bog-bean is an aquatic plant of the same order, 
Limnantheuimu nymphceoides, with large yellow fringed 
flowers. Also called buck-bean. 
bogberry (bog'ber'i), n. ; pi. bogberries (-iz). 
The cranberry, Vacciniuni Oxycoccus. 
bog-blitter (bog'bluV'er), n. [See bog-bluiter.] 
Same as bog-bumper. [Scotch.] 
bog-bluiter' (bog'blo'ter), n. [Also bog-bluter, 
bog-blitter ; <. bog + Se. bluiter, bluter, make a 
rumbling noise, blurt, also speak foolishly (in 
last sense cf. blatter, blather, blether 1 ).'] Same 
as bog-bumper. [Scotch.] 
bog-billl (bog'bul), . [Cf. Botaurus and bit- 
tern 1 .'] A name of the. bittern, Bota/irus stel- 
laris, from its habitual resorts and its hollow, 
booming cry. See cut under bittern. 
bog-bumper (bog'bum"per), . A name of the 
bitterns or heron-like birds of the genus Botau- 
rus (especially B. lentiginosus), in allusion to 
the sound made by the male in the breeding 
season. This sound seems "to be uttered in a deep 
choking tone," and has been compared by Nuttall to the 
syllables "pomp-au-gur." Also bog-jumper, and iu Scot- 
land bog-blitter, bttg-bluiter. 
bog-butter (bog'bufer), n. A fatty sperma- 
ceti-like mineral resin, composed of carbon, 
oxygen, and hydrogen, found in masses in peat- 
bogs. 
A large copper basin consisting of small pieces riveted 
together and several wooden kegs containing bog-butter 
were recently found at a depth of 7 feet in a peat-moss, 
Kylealsin, Skye. Nature, XXX. 181. 
bog-earth (bog'erth), n. An earth or soil com- 
posed of light silicious sand and a considerable 
portion of vegetable fiber in a half-decomposed 
state. It is employed by gardeners for pro- 
moting the growth of flowers. 
boger (bo'ger), n. [Origin obscure.] A name 
in Cornwall, England, for the half-grown sea- 
bream, Pagclh/s centrodontus. 
bogey 1 , bogeyism. See bogy, bogyism. 
bogey 2 , . See bogie 2 . 
bogga (bog'a), H. [E. Ind.] An East Indian 
measure of land, equal to three fifths of an 
acre. 
boggard 1 , boggart (bog'ard, -art), n. [E. dial, 
and Sc., also written bogart, and formerly bug- 
gard, baggard; appar. a var., with term, -ard, 
of boggle 1 , bogle ; in f orm as if < bog% + -ard : 
see boggle 1 , bogle, 6o</ 2 , bug 1 .] 1. A specter, 
goblin, or bogy, especially one supposed to 
haunt a particular spot. 
The belief in elves and boyartx which once was universal. 
J. Fwke, Idea of God, p. 60. 
2f. Any object, real or imaginary, at which a 
horse shies. A". E. D. 3. Figuratively, a bug- 
bear ; a thing of fear. 
boggard 2 t, . [As bog* + -ard.] A privy. 
boggifyt, c. t. [< bog 1 + -i-fy.] To make boggy. 
boggingt (bog'ing), . [Early mod. E., per- 
haps a var. of 'bagging for bodging, verbal n. 
of badge 2 ; cf. badger 2 .] Peddling; hawking. 
jv: E. D. 
boggish 1 (bog'ish), a. [<6of/ 1 + -ish 1 .] Boggy. 
boggish 2 t 
[ME., written boggisshe, bog- 
gysche; < bog s (not found in ME.) + -igJi 1 '.] 
Bold; puffed up; boastful. 
boggle 1 , n. A dialectal form of bogle. 
boggle 2 (bog'l), c. ('. ; pret. and pp. boggled, ppr. 
boggling. [Early mod. E. also bogle, bttggel, < 
boggle 1 = bogle, a specter, with ref. to the shy- 
ing of a horse at unusual objects; cf. ME. boge- 
len, occurring but once, in the sense of 'deny,' 
1. e., scare off.] 1. To take alarm; start with 
fright; shy, as a horse. 
When a sinner is flrst tempted tu the i-oininleaiun of a 
more gross and notorious sin. lijs conscience is apt to 
boggle and start at it, he doth it with great difficulty and 
regret. Tittotson, Works, I. x. 
We start nml />i-/?'' ;| t fvury unusual appearance. 
QrmwiHc. 
2. To hesitate ; stop, as if afraid to proceed, or 
as if impeded by unforeseen difficulties ; waver; 
