borer 
632 
borough 
especially one of the family Pholadida;. 7. In boring-head (bor'ing-hed), re. 1. The cutter- Tote f()rtune , 
entom., the terebra or ovipositor when it is used head of a diamond drill. 2. A short cylinder ^ Orn 2 ,, t s e e 
for boring, as in many beetles, flies, etc.-Annu- carrying cutting-tools, fitted upon a boring-bar. borne i / b o' rn ). [See born 1 .'} 
lar borer Sec annular. Clover-root borer, a small boring-machine (bor'mg-ma-shen"), re. Any 
//;,/ (Miiller), imported from aDDara tus employing bor- 
scolytid beetle, ByUiinut trij'uln (Muller), imported from ap p ara t,us employing bor 
Europe into America and very injurious to clover. The =^5 tnn i B s , 1( ,f, o thp bit 
larva is cylindrical, nf slightly curved form, whitish, with mg-tools, SUCH as tne Dlt 
a yellowish head. The perfect beetle is a little over 2 mil- auger, or drill. < 
in length, 
limeters 
elongate-oval in form, 
and of a brownish- 
black color, the ely- 
tra being reddish and 
somewhat shining. 
Grape-root borer, 
the larva of Algeria 
polintiformit, a moth 
of the' family Jlgeri- 
idai, which lays its 
eggs in July or Au- 
gust at the base of 
the grape-vine, close 
to the ground. They 
are white fleshy grubs 
which eat the bark 
and sap-wood of the 
grape-root, and trans- 
form to the pupa state 
within a pod-like co- 
coon of gummy silk, 
to which bits of 
wood and bark are 
attached. 
boresont, n. An 
obsolete variant 
of bauson. n RW%Jv V x 
pir%^ > 
SSf&S- 
m-f 
See 
bore-tree, re. 
bour-tree. 
bore-worm (bor'- 
werm), re. A 
name for the 
ship-worm, Te- 
redo navalis : so 
called on account 
of its boring into 
submerged tim- 
ber, as the bottoms of vessels, piles, and the like. 
borhame (bor'am), n. [E. dial.; origin ob- boring-machine. 
scure.] A local English name, in Northum- - 
berland, of the lemon or sand-sole. 
boric (bo'rik), a. [< bor(ax) + -ic.] Same as 
boracic. 
boride (bo'rid or -rid), n. [< bor(on) + -ide.] 
A primary compound of boron with a metallic 
, , , 
b, larva, lateral view ; c , pupa, ventra' 
view ; d, beetle, dorsal view. All en 
larged. 
Such ma- 
chines are used for boring 
both metal and wood. In the 
first case the boring-tool is a 
revolving cutter -head, and the 
machine is essentially a drill. 
In these machines the work 
may be stationary while the 
cutter-head advances as the 
cut is made, or the work may 
be advanced or fed to the rela- 
tively stationary cutter-head. 
In all there are appliances 
for securing a variable speed 
and for adjusting one tool to 
many kinds of work. They are 
used to bore out heavy cast- 
ings, guns, cylinders, wheel- 
hubs, etc. The wood-boring 
machines are essentially ma- 
chine-augers. The auger or 
bit may be fixed, or may have 
a slight journal movement as 
the work proceeds. The block- 
boring machine is an apparatus 
consisting of two augers driven by hand and a vise for 
holding the bolt of wood from which a block is to be made. 
The carpenters' 
boring-machine is 
an auger supported 
on a movable frame 
in such a way that 
holes can be bored 
with it at any an- 
gle. It is operated 
by two handles and 
bevel gearing, the 
operator sitting 
astride the machine 
while at work. 
boring-mill 
(bor ing- mil), 
n. Same as 
bear 1 . 
borne' 2 ! (born), re. 
borne (bor-na'), a. 
Past participle of 
Same as bourn 2 . 
Boring-machine. 
a. b, nests of pulleys ; c, 
horizontal face-plate ; d, bor- 
ing-shaft ; g t hand-wheel ; ft, 
automatic feed arrangement ; 
A, handle which acts upon a 
pinion and rack to raise or 
lower the face-plate; OT, 
belt-shifter. 
[P., pp. of borncr, bound, 
limit, < borne, boundary, limit: see WHJfn 3 .] 
Bounded; limited; narrow-minded; of re- 
stricted intelligence. 
He [Sir Robert Peel] began life as the underling of Lord 
Sidmoutb--the shallowest, narrowest, most borne, and 
most benighted of the old Tory crew. 
W. 11. Greg, Misc. Essays, 2d ser., p. 234. 
Bornean (b6r'ne-an), a. and n. [< Borneo + 
-are.] I. a. Pertaining to Borneo, the largest 
island of the Malay archipelago. 
II. . A native or an inhabitant of Borneo. 
bornedt, p. a. An obsolete form of burned. 
Chaucer. 
borneene (bor'ne-en), n. [< l>orne(ol) + -eree.] 
A liquid hydrocarbon (C 10 Hi 6 ) secreted by 
Dryobalanops camphora, and holding in solu- 
boring-rod 
(bor' ing -rod), 
n. A jointed 

boring (bor'mg), n. [Verbal n. of bore*, .] 
Carpenters' Boring-machine. 
rod to which the tools used in earth-boring and 
rock-drilling are attached. 
>oring-sponge (bor'ing-spunj), re. A salt-water 
sponge of the genus Cliona, which bores into 
shells and limestone. 
1. The act of piercing or perforating; specifi- boring-table (bor'ing-ta'bl), n. The platform 
cally, in mining and similar operations, the act supp orting the work in a boring-machine, 
of making a hole in rock or earth by means borism n. See boreism. 
of a borer or drill. This is often executed on a large boritht', ! [< LL. boriih, < Heb. borith (Jer. ii. 
scale by the aid of machinery. Wells and shafts several oo\ t r : 4.1.7. TWliari -epiUinn 'snnn H A -nlarir 
feet in diameter are now bored without blasting, as has ^j W- P M e inglisn version soap. J A pi 
tion a solid substance, borueol 
camphor of Borneo. See Dryobalanops. 
Borneo camphor. See camphor. 
borneol (bor ne-ol), re. [< Borneo + -ol.~\ Same 
as Borneo camphor (which see, under camphor). 
bornine (bdr'nin), re. [Appar. as born-ite + 
-ine 2 .] Telluric bismuth : same as tetradymite. 
borning, borning-rod. Seeboning, boning-rod. 
bornite (bor'nit), n. [After Dr. Ignatius von 
Born, an Austrian mineralogist (1742-91), + 
-ite 2 .] A valuable copper ore, consisting of 
about 60 parts of copper, 14 of iron, and 26 of 
sulphur, found mostly massive, also in iso- 
metric crystals. It has a peculiar bronze-color on 
the fresh fracture (hence called by Cornish miners horse- 
flesh ore), but soon tarnishes ; and from the bright colors 
it then assumes it is often named purple or variegated 
copper and erubescite. 
bornous, bornouse. n. Same as burnoose. 
bqrocalcite (bo-ro-kal'sit), n. [< boron + cal- 
cite.] A hydrous calcium borate, supposed to 
occur with other borates in Peru. 
boroglyceride (bo-ro-glis'e-rid or -rid), n. [< 
boron + glycer(in) + -ide.] An antiseptic sub- 
stance containing about 25 per cent, of glyceryl 
borate, or propenyl borate (3115603), and 75 
per cent, of free boric acid and glycerin in 
equivalent proportions. 
boron (bo'ron), re. [NL., < bor(ax) + -on.] 
Chemical symbol, B; atomic weight, 11. A 
chemical element belonging to the group of 
non-metals. Two allotropic forms of this element are 
known, one a brown, amorphous powder, slightly soluble 
in water, the other (adamantine boron) crystalline, and 
with a luster and hardness inferior only to that of the 
diamond. In all its compounds boron appears to be triva- 
lent. It does not occur in nature in the free state, but 
some of its compounds are well-known articles of com- 
merce. It is prepared by heating boric acid at a high 
temperature with some powerful reducing agent, such as 
potassium or aluminium. Its oxygen acid, boracic acid, 
and the soda salt, borax, are extensively used in the arts. 
feet in diameter are now bored without blasting, as has "Jrl/T "V- jj J 
been done in Paris in sinking artesian wells, in the great producing an alkali used in cleansing, 
northern coal-fields of France and Belgium, and elsewhere. Borja (bdr' ja ; Sp. pron. bdr'ha), re. A sweet 
2. The hole made by boring. Holes of small depth white wine grown near Saragossa in Spain, 
bored with the drill for blasting are called bore-holes. borlOT (bor'li), n. [E. dial.] A boat used by 
if oT large diameter Sfts^or S wells a^cording^as'tney trawlers about the estuary of the Thames, 
are intended for use in mining or for supplying water. N. E. D. 
3. pi. The chips, fragments, or dust produced borling (bor'ling), n. [E. dial.] A local Eng- boronatrocalcite "(bS-rS -na-tro-kai'sit), n. 
in boring. Also called boring-dust.^Ttnee- lish name of the river-lamprey. r< j, oron + natron + calcite.] A hydrous borate 
torn 1 (b6rn), p. a. [< ME. born, boren (often 
shortened bore), < AS. boren, pp. of beran, 
bear, carry, bring forth. The distinction be- 
tween born 1 and borne 1 is recent : see bear 1 .] 
1. Possessing from birth the quality or char- 
acter stated : as, a born poet ; a born fool. 
nately strike upon or beat it with a heavy hammer or 
sledge. When one man holds the drill and another beats 
it, the boring is two-handed ; when the same person holds 
the drill with one hand, and beats it with the other, it is 
single-handed. [Eng.] 
boring-anchor (bor'ing-ang"kor), re. Same as 
screw-pile. 
boring-bar (bor'ing-bar), n. A bar to which 
the cutters in a drilling- or boring-machine are 
secured. See cutter-bar. 
boring-bit (bor' ing-bit), re. 1. A tool or instru- 
ment of various shapes and sizes, used for 
making holes in wood and other solid sub- 
stances. See bit 1 . 2. A tool much like a 
priming-wire, but more highly tempered and 
with an end somewhat like an auger, used for 
cleaning out the vent of a gun when it is closed 
by some metallic obstruction ; a vent-gimlet. 
boring-block (bor'ing-blok), n. In mech., a 
strong cylindrical piece fitted on the boring- 
bar of a boring-machine, and having the cut- 
ters fixed in it. 
boring-collar (bor'ing-kol"ar), re. A circular 
disk in a lathe, which can be turned about its 
center in a vertical plane, so as to bring any one 
of a number of taper holes of different sizes con- 
tained in it in line with the piece to be bored. 
The end of the piece is exposed at the hole to 
a boring-tool which is held against it. 
boring-dust (bor'mg-dust ), re. Same as boring, 3. 
boring-gage (bor'ing-gaj), re. A clamp or stop 
fixed to the shank of a bit or other boring-tool 
to regulate the depth of the work. 
of sodium and calcium; the mineral ulexite. 
borosilicate (bo-ro-sil'i-kat), n. [< bor(ic) + 
silic(ic) + -ate 1 .] 'A double salt, in which both 
boric and silicic acids are combined with a 
basic radical, as datolite, which is a borosili- 
cate of calcium. Also called silicoborate. 
Dunstan resumed Alfred's task, not, indeed, in the wide borough 1 (bur'6), re. [Early mod. E. also bor- 
and generous spirit of the king, but with the activity of a ,./, lairrrnifih, bnn 
born, administrator. J. R. Green, Conq. of Eng., p. 325. 
2. Innate; inherited; produced with a person 
at birth: as, born wit; born dignity: in both 
senses opposed to acquired after birth or from 
experience. 
Often abbreviated to 6. 
Born In or with, inherited by birth ; received or im- 
planted at birth. 
Wit and wisdom are born with a man. 
Selden, Table-Talk, p. 66. 
Born Of, sprung from. 
None of woman born shall harm Macbeth. 
Shak., Macbeth, iv. 1. 
Born on the wrong side of the blanket. See blanket. 
Born to, destined to from birth, or by right of birth. 
I was born to a good estate. 
Swift, Story of an Injured Lady. 
In one's born days, in one's lifetime. [Colloq.] 
There was one Miss Byron, a Northamptonshire lady, 
whom I never saw before in my born days. 
Richardson, Grandison, I. 103. 
In all his born days he never hearn such screeches and 
yells as the wind give over that chimbley. 
Mrs. Stowe, Oldtown, p. 18. 
To be born again, to become regenerate in spirit and 
character ; be converted. 
rough, burrough, borrow, burroic, borow, burow, 
etc. ; sometimes, esp. in comp., written bora or 
boro'; < ME. bonce, borowe, borgh, burgh, borvg, 
buruh, etc., burie, buri, bery, etc., < AS. burh, 
buruli, burg (gen. and dat. byrig, whence the sec- 
ond set of ME. forms above, burie, etc.. E. bury 1 , 
q. v.), a town, a fortified place (= OS. burug, 
burg = OFries. burich, burch =MD. burch, borch, 
D. burg, burgt = MLG. borch = OHG. burvg, 
buruc, burc, MHG. burc, G. burg = Icel. borg = 
Sw. Dan. borg = Goth, baurgs ; hence, from 
OHG. etc., ML. burgus, > OF. burc, berg, F. 
bourg = Pr. bore = Sp. Pg. burgo = It. borgo); 
prob. < AS. beorgan (pp. borgen) = Goth, bair- 
gan = G. bergen, etc., protect: see bury 1 , bur- 
row 1 , burgl, burgh, bourg 1 (all ult. identical with 
borough), burgess, bourgeois, etc. The word ap- 
pears in various f orms in many names of towns : 
Peterborough, 'Edinburgh or Edinftoro, Canter- 
bury, Hamftwflr, Burgos, etc.] 1. Formerly, a 
fortified town, or a town possessing municipal 
organization ; also, a town or city in general. 
2. In England: () A corporate town pos- 
sessing a regularly organized municipal gov- 
ernment and special privileges conferred by 
Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom royal charter: usually called a municipal bor- 
of God. John iii. 3. ough. (b) A town having the right to send one 
