botanical 
botanical (bo-tan'i-kal), a. Pertaining to or 
concerned with the study or cultivation of 
plants. Botanical geography. Same as geographi- 
cal botany (which see, under botany). 
botanically (bo-tau'i-kal-i), adv. In a botani- 
cal manner; after the manner of a botanist; 
according to a system of botany. 
botanise, v. See botanize. 
636 
they have become putrid : much used on the 
coast of the Mediterranean as an incentive to 
thirst. The great white Kussian sturgeon, Acipenser 
huso, is one of the principal sources of botargo. The best 
botargo comes from Tunis, is dry and reddish, and is eaten 
with olive-oil anil lemon-juice. Also bottaryo. 
We staid talking and singing and drinking great draughts 
of claret, and eating botargo and bread and butter, till 
twelve at night, it being moonshine. Pepys, Diary, 1. 191. 
botany; one versed in the structure, habits, 
geographical distribution, and systematic clas- 
sification of plants. 
Then spring the living herbs, . . . beyond the power 
Of botanist to number up their tribes. 
Thomson, Spring, 1. 2-24. 
botanize (bot'a-niz), v. ; pret. and pp. botanized, 
ppr. botanizing. [< botany + -ize ; = F. bota- 
niser. Cf. Gr. fioTavi&iv, root up weeds.] I. 
intrans. To examine or seek for plants for 
the purpose of studying and classifying them, 
etc. ; investigate the vegetable kingdom as a 
botanist. 
II. trans. To explore botanically : as, to bot- 
anize a neighborhood. 
Also spelled botanise. 
botanologert (bot-a-nol'o-jer), n. [< botanology 
+ -er 1 .] A botanist. Sir T. Browne. 
botanologyt (bot-a-nol'o-ji), 7i. [= F. botano- 
logie, < Gr. fioTdvr/, an herb, + -/u>yz, < /leyeiv, 
speak: see -ology.] The science of botany. 
Bailey. 
botanoraancy (bot'a-no-man-si), . [= F. bo- 
tanomancie, < Gr. ftoravt/, an herb, + ftavreia, 
divination.] An ancient method of divination 
by means of plants, especially by means of the 
leaves of the sage and fig. A person's name and 
the question to which an answer was desired were written 
on the leaves, which were then laid out exposed to the 
wind ; as many of the letters as remained in their places 
were taken up and joined together to form some word, 
which was supposed to be an answer to the question. 
Botanophaga (bot-a-nof'a-ga), n. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. fioTdvr/, an herb, + (payelvj eat.] A name of 
the herbivorous marsupial mammals, as distin- 
guished collectively from the Zoopha.ga, or car- 
nivorous and insectivorous marsupials. The 
kangaroo is an example. 
botany (bot'a-ni), . [Early mod. E. also bot- 
anie, formed from botanic, as if < Gr. fioTavia, 
a rare var. of fipravri, an herb, grass, fodder, < 
f}6oKetv, feed, inid. jioo-neoBai, feed one's self ; cf. 
L. vesei, eat. ] The science of plants, it treats of 
the forms of plants, their structure, the nature of the 
tissues of which they are composed, the vital phenomena 
connected with them, the arrangement of them into larger 
and smaller groups according to their affinities, and the 
classification of these groups so as to exhibit their mutual 
relations and their position in the vegetable kingdom as 
a whole. The science further investigates the nature of 
the vegetation which at former epochs lived on the earth 
as well as the distribution of plants at the present time. 
It is thus divided into several sections, (a) Structural 
or morphological botany, that branch of the science of 
botany which relates to the structure and organization of 
((.) 
Physiological or biological botany, that branch which re- 
lates to the history of vegetable life, the functions of the 
various organs of plants, and their minute structure and 
method of growth, (c) Descriptive botany, that branch 
which relates to the description and nomenclature of 
plants. Also called photography, (rf) Systematic botany, 
that branch which relates to the principles upon which 
plants are to be classified or arranged with reference to 
their degrees of relationship. The system of classification 
now universally adopted is that proposed by Aiitoine Lau- 
rent de Jussieu, and improved and enlarged by De Can- 
dolle, Brown, and others. It is generally called the nat- 
ural system, because it is intended to express, as far as 
possible, the various degrees of relationship among plants 
alike in all respects. Several artificial systems have been 
proposed, as that of Toumefort, based on the modiflca- 
which was designed by Linnsous to be only temporary 
proved of great value to the science of botany but it has 
now gone entirely out of use, or is used only as a partial 
index to the vegetable kingdom, (e) Geographical botany 
t branch which relates to the natural distribution of 
plants over the globe, and to the inquiry into the causes 
which have influenced or maintain this distribution. (/) 
Paleontology or fossil botany, that branch which em- 
braces the study of the forms and structures of the plants 
earUi is n co,np S o 3 s I ed 8tate * "" ri U8 St ta <* Which the 
Botany Bay gum, kino, oak, resin, tea, etc. 
See the nouns. 
botargo, botarga (bo-tar'go, - g a), n. [< Sp. 
botarga (= It. botargo, botarga, buttarqa, butta- 
gra, now bottarga, bottarica = F. boutargue), < 
Ar. butarkhah, < Coptic outarakhon, < o-, indef 
art., + Gr. rapixioa, dim. of Tapi X of, a dead body 
preserved by embalming, a mummy, meat pre- 
served by salting or pickling.] A relish made 
t the roes of certain fishes strongly salted after 
+ -ina;.] A subfamily of Ardeida.', or herons, 
containing the bitterns, distinguished from 
true herons by having only ten tail-feathers 
and two pairs of powder-down tracts, and the 
outer toe shorter than the inner. In habits the 
Botaurince also differ from the other Ardeidce, being soli- 
tary, nesting on the ground, and laying eggs unlike those 
of true herons. See cut under bittern. 
Botaurus (bo-ta'rus), n. [NL., irreg. < L. bos, 
an ox, -f- taunts, a bull; suggested by the old 
form (ME. butor, OF. butor, botor) of bittern 1 , 
q. v.] The typical genus of the subfamily Bo- 
tauritue. See bittern 1 . 
botch 1 ! (boch), n. [< ME. botche, bocche, < OF. 
boche, a botch, sore, var. of boce, a botch, swell- 
ing, > mod. F. bosse, E. boss 1 : see boss 1 . Cf. 
OD. butse, a boil, swelling, < butsen, D. botsen, 
strike, beat, akin to OHG. bozan = E. beat 1 . Cf. 
botch 2 .] A swelling on the skin; a large ulcer- 
ous affection ; a boil. 
Yet who more foul, disrobed of attire ? 
Pearl'd with the botch as children burnt with fire. 
Uliddleton, Micro-Cynicou, i. 3. 
Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss. 
Milton, P. L., xii. 180. 
botch 1 ! (boch), v. t. To mark with botches. 
Young Hylas, botch'd with stains. 
Garth, Dispensary, ii. 160. 
botch 2 (boch), v. [Also E. dial, or colloq. bodge 1 , 
q. v. j < ME. bocchen, repair, of uncertain origin, 
perhaps < MD. botsen, butsen, boetsen, repair, 
patch, same word as butsen, D. botsen, strike, 
beat, knock together, akin to OHG. bozan, beat, 
= E. beat 1 . Cf. botch 1 and boss 1 .'] I. trans. 1. 
To mend or patch in a clumsy manner, as a 
garment : often used figuratively. 
To botch up what they had torn and rent, 
Religion and the government. S. Butter, Hudibras. 
Tom coming, with whom I was angry for his botchinr/ 
my camlott coat, to tell me that my father was at our 
church, I got me ready. Pepys, Diary, I. 407. 
2. To put together unsuitably or unskilfully ; 
perform, express, etc., in a bungling manner; 
hence, to spoil by unskilful work ; bungle. 
For treason botch'd in rhyme will Ire thy bane. 
Dnjden, Abs. and Achit., ii. 485. 
II. intrans. To mend or patch things in an 
unskilful manner; be a bungler or botcher. 
botch 2 (boch), n. [<JoteA 2 , .] 1. A 
or ill -finished part ; a flaw ; a blemish. 
To leave no rubs nor botches in the work. 
Shak., Macbeth, iii. 1. 
2. A patch, or a part of a garment patched 
or mended in a clumsy manner. 3. That 
which is botched; ill-finished or bungled work 
generally. 
Fancy the most assiduous potter, but without his wheel ; 
reduced to make dishes, or rather amorphous botches, by 
mere kneading and baking. Carlyle. 
A poorly paid teacher, whose work is a botch, and 
therefore an injury to the growing mind. 
Jour, af Education, XIX. 41. 
4. A bungling, unskilful workman or operator 
of any kind; a botcher. 
botchedly (boch'ed-li or bocht'li), adv. [< 
botched, pp. of botch\ v., + -ly"2.~\ In a botched 
or clumsy manner ; with botches or patches. 
Thus patch they heaven, more botch 'dly then old clothes 
Dr. H. More, Psychathanasia, III. iii. 67. 
botcher 1 (boch'er), . [< ME. *bocchere (spelled 
bochchare, Prompt. Parv.); < botclfi + -er 1 .] 
1. A mender; a repairer or Catcher; specifi- 
both 
botchery (boch'er-i), n. [< botcli^ + -en/.] A 
botching, or that which is botched ; clumsy or 
bungling work or workmanship. [Bare.] 
If we speak of base botchery, were it a comely thing to 
see a great lord or a king wear sleeves of two parishes, 
one half of worsted, the other of velvet? 
tt'orld of Wonders (1608), p. 23S. 
botchka (boch'ka), . Same as bocJtka. 
botchy 1 (boch'i),". [< ME. botchy, bochy, etc. ; 
< botch 1 + -yl.] Marked with botches; lull of 
or covered with botches: as, "a botcky core," 
Shak., T. and C., ii. 1. 
botchy 2 (boch'i), a. [< botclfl + -yl.] Imper- 
fect; botched. 
bote 1 (bot), w. [The ME. and AS. (dat.) form 
of boot 1 , ML. bota, retained archaically in law 
writings: see boot 1 .'} If. Help; aid; relief; 
salvation ; remedy in illness; boot (which see). 
Specifically 2. In old law: (a) Compensation, 
as for an injury ; amends; satisfaction; a pay- 
ment in expiation of an offense : as, man-bote, 
a compensation for a man slain. (6) A privi- 
lege or allowance of necessaries for repair or 
support; estovers: as, house-ftote, enough wood 
to repair a house or for fuel; plow-feote, cart- 
bote, wood for making or repairing instruments 
of husbandry ; hay-fiote or hedge-So te, wood for 
hedges or fences, etc. 
bote^t. Middle English preterit of bite. 
bote s t, prep, and conj. A Middle English form 
of but 1 . 
botelt, 7i. An obsolete form of bottle 2 . 
botelert, . An obsolete form of butter. 
botelesst, . A Middle English form of bootless. 
boterol, boteroll (bot'e-rol), . [< F. boute- 
rolle, "the chape of a sheath or scabbard" (Cot- 
grave), < bouter, place, adapt: see butt 1 .'] In 
her., the chape or crampet of a scabbard used 
as a bearing. Also bauteroll. 
botewt, n. [Early mod. E. also boatewe, botowe, 
< late ME. botew, butewe, butwe, botwe, < bote, 
boot, + -('10, -ewe, repr. F. -eau, < L. -ellus, dim. 
termination.] A short boot. 
bot-fly (bot'fli), n. A name given to dipterous 
insects of the family (Estridte, the larvae of 
which infest different parts of living animals. 
See bot 1 . The horse-bot, Gatterophilus eqm (Fabricius), 
Let the botcher mend him: Anything that's mended is 
but patched. Shak., T. N., i. 5. 
Physicians are the body's cobblers, rather the botchers 
of men's bodies ; as the one patches our tatter'd clothes, 
so the other solders our diseased flesh. 
Ford, Lover's Melancholy, i. 2. 
2. One who botches ; a clumsy, bungling work- 
man ; a bungler. 
botcher 2 (boch'er), 71. [Origin unknown.] The 
grilse : a local English name in the Severn val- 
botche 
ierly (boeh'er-li), a. [< botcher 1 + -Zy 1 .] 
Clumsy; unworkmanlike. [Bare.] 
Botcherly mingle-mangle of collections. 
Hartlib, tr. of Comenius, p. 30. 
Botcherly poetry, botcherly .' 
Middleton and Rowley, Spanish Gypsy, ii. 1. 
(l 
Horse Bot-fly (Gasttrofliiltu eqtif], about natural size.. 
a, lateral view ; b, dorsal view. 
is taken into the stomach of the horse ; the ox-hot lives 
just under the cuticle of the ox ; and the sheep-bot, (Estrus 
ovis (Linneeus), in the frontal sinuses of the sheep. Other 
animals are affected by particular species. 
both (both), a. and pron. [= Sc. baith, < ME. 
both, booth, earlier bothe, bathe, etc. ; not found 
in AS. except in the simple form Id, etc. (see 
below), but perhaps existent, being in OS., 
etc. ; otherwise taken from Scand. ; = OS. bedhie, 
bediiia = OFries. bethe, bede = OHG. bede, beide, 
MHG. G. beide = Icel. bddhir, m., badliar, f., 
ba:dhi, badhi, neut., = Sw. bdda = Dan. baade, 
both; cf. Goth, bajoths, n. pi., both; < Goth. 
bai = AS. ba (begen, bu), both, ME. ba, bo; cf. 
L. ambp = Gr. ajj^u = Skt. ubhdu, both: see 
bo 1 ; with a termination of obscure origin, per- 
haps orig. the def. art. in pi. (AS. tha = Goth. 
thai, tho, etc.) coalesced with the adj. ; but this 
explanation does not apply to tne Goth, bajoths.'} 
The one and the other ; the two ; the pair or the 
couple, in reference to two persons or things 
specially mentioned, and denoting that neither 
of them^is to be excluded, either absolutely 
or (as with either) as an alternative, from the 
statement. 
Youre bother love [the love of you both]. 
Chaucer, Troilus, iv. 168. 
And Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them 
unto Abimelech ; and both of them made a covenant. 
Gen. xxi. 27. 
He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can 
bear the loss of his estate ; but he will bear both, because 
he is prepared for both. Bollngbmke. 
Both had been presidents, both had lived to great age, 
both were early patriots, and both were distinguished and 
ever honored by their immediate agency in the act of in- 
dependence. D. Webster, Adams and Jefferson. 
[The genitive uoth's (ME. bathes, bothers, earlier bother, 
bathre) is now disused ; in the earlier period it was joined 
usually with the genitive plural of the personal pronoun. 
Subsequently the simple both, equivalent to of both, was 
uaed. 
