bouffant 
bouffant (F. prou. bo-fon'), . [F., ppr. of 
bouffer, puff, swell.] Puffed out: as, a skirt 
very bouffant at the back. 
bouffeM, ' [Late ME., < OF. bouffee, a puff 
(cf. bmiffe, a swollen or swelling cheek), < bouf- 
fer, swell the cheeks: see buff 2 , }>uff.] A puff, 
as of flame. Caxton. 
bouffe- (bof), ii. [< F. bouffe, < It. buffa, jest: see 
buffoon.] Opera bouffe ; comic opera. Seeopsro. 
bouffons (bo'fonz), . [F. bouffon, a buffoon.] 
Same as matanxiiix. 
Bougainvillea (bo-gan-vil'e-a), n. [NL., named 
after A. de Bougainville, a French navigator of 
the 18th century.] A nyctaginaceous genus of 
climbing shrubs, natives of tropical and sub- 
tropical South America. The numerous flowers are 
in clusters of three, subtended by as many large colored 
bracts. B. speetabilin and some other species are fre- 
quently cultivated in greenhouses, and are very orna- 
mental. 
bougar (bo" gar), n. One of a series of cross- 
spars which form the roof of a cottage, and 
serve instead of laths. [Scotch.] 
bouge 1 (bo'j), . [Also bowge; < ME. bouge (< 
OF. bouge, huge, F. bouge),nov/ spelled and pro- 
nounced budge (see budge*, budget, etc.); earlier 
bulge, q. v. Cf. bouge&.~\ If. A bag or wallet, 
especially of leather. 
Bangui of lether like bladders. 
Holland, tr. of Livy, p. 408. 
2. The bilge or swelling part of a cask; hence, 
the cask itself. [Prov. Eng.] 3. A cowrie. 
Jevons. 
bouge 2 t (boj), v. [Also bowge ; a form of bulge, 
bilge ; ult. related to bouge 1 ."] I. intrans. To be 
bilged; spring a leak or have a hole knocked 
in the bottom ; founder. 
Which anchor cast, we soone the same forsooke, 
And cut it otf, for fear least thereupon 
Our shippes should bowge. 
Gascaigne, Voyage into Holland. 
II. trans. To stave in the bottom of (a ship), 
and thus cause her to spring a leak ; knock a 
hole in. 
The Carick, which sir Anthony Oughtred chased hard at 
the starne, and bowged her in divers places. 
Hall, Hen. VIII., an. 4. 
To bowge and pierce any enemy ship which they do en- 
counter. Holland. 
boug6 3 ti " A corrupt form of bouche. 
bouget (bo 'jet or b8-zha'), n. [Sometimes 
spelled bowget; < F. bougette, a little pouch. 
The regular E. form 
is budget, q. v. See 
bougei.] If. A bud- 
get or pouch. Spen- 
ser, F. Q., III. x. 29. 
-2. fn her., the Bol * ets - 
figure of a vessel for carrying water, it is meant 
to represent a yoke with two leathern pouches attached 
to it, formerly used for the conveyance of water to an 
army. Also called water-bouget. 
bough 1 (bou), n. [Early mod. E. also bow, boice, 
etc.; < ME. bough, bogh, bog, boge, bowe, etc., < 
AS. bog, boh, the arm, shoulder of an animal, 
also a branch of a tree (the latter sense pecu- 
liar to E. and AS.), = MD. boech, D. boeg, bow 
of a ship, = MLG. bock, bucti, shoulder, bow of 
a ship; OHG. buoy, upper part of the arm 
or leg, shoulder, hip, shoulder of an animal, 
MHG. buoc, G. bug, shoulder, withers (of 
horses), = Icel. bogr = Norw. bog = Sw. bog = 
Dan. bov, shoulder of an animal, bow of a ship 
( > E. bowS), = Gr. vr^uf , dial. Trd^tif , the fore- 
arm, = Skt. bdhu, the arm, forearm ; root un- 
known, but not connected with bow 1 (AS. bugan, 
etc.), bend, with some derivatives of which, 
however, the word has been in part confused. 
A doublet of bowZ, q. v.] 1. An arm or branch 
of a tree. 
Say thou, whereon I carved her name, 
If ever maid or spouse 
As fair as my Olivia came 
To rest heneath thy bongla. 
TVn nt/mm, Talking Oak. 
2f. The gallows. 
Some who have not deserved judgement of death, though 
otherwise perhaps offending, have beene for their goods 
sake caught up, and carryed straight to the bough. 
Spenser, State of Ireland. 
bough 1 (bou), v. t. [< bough 1 , ?(.] To cover 
over or shade with boughs. [Poetic.] 
A mossy track, all over boughed 
For half a mile or more. 
Coleridge, Three Graves. 
bought, n. An obsolete spelling of boti-s. 
bough 3 !, a. An obsolete spelling of buff'*. 
bough 4 t, interj. An obsolete spelling of bo 2 . 
bough-house (bou'hous), n. A blind constructed 
of boughs for the concealment of a sportsman 
from the game. 
640 
bough-pot (bou'pot), n. [Also written bowpot, 
and perversely beau-pot; < bough 1 + pot.'] 1. 
A pot or vase for holding flowers or boughs for 
ornament. 
Sir Oliver S. You have no land, I suppose ? 
Charlet S. Not a mole-hill, nor a twig, but what's in 
the bough-pots out of the window. 
Sheridan, School for Scandal, ill. 3. 
2. A nosegay or bouquet. 
And I smell at the beautiful, beautiful bow-pot he brings 
me, winter and summer, from his country-house at Haver- 
stock-hill. O. A. Sala, The late Mr. D . 
3. The more or less conventional representa- 
tion in ornamental work of a bouquet or vase 
full of flowers. Dutch cabinets of inlaid wood have 
for their most common decoration bough-pots in panels. 
bought 1 ! (bout), n. [Early mod. E. also written 
baughte, bughte, etc., also bout, bou-t, etc., now 
reg. with partial differentiation of meaning bout 
(see bout 1 ) ; < ME. bought, boicght, bougt, *bugt, 
prob. a var., reverting to the original vowel 
of the verb, of ME. bygt, bigt, bight (mod. 
E. bight, q. v.), < AS. bylit, a bend (= MLG. 
LG. bucltt, > D. bogt, G. buclit, Sw. Dan. btigt, 
a bend, turn, bay, bight; cf. Icel. bugdha, 
a bend, a coil), < bugan (pp. bogen), E. bow, 
bend: see tow; 1 .] 1. Abend; flexure; curve; 
a hollow angle. 
Mai fern, a nialander in the bought of a horse's knee. 
Cotffrave, 
2. A bend or curve in a coast-line. See bight. 
3. A bend, flexure, turn, loop, coil, or knot, 
as in a rope or chain, or in a serpent ; a fold in 
cloth. See bout 1 . 
In knots and many bouyhteii upwound. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. i 15. 
The dragon-tom<7A(* and elvish emblemings 
Began to move, seethe, twine, and curl. 
Tennyxon, Gareth and Lynette. 
bought 1 !, ". t. [Early mod. E. also bowght, 
bowt; < bought 1 , n.~\ To bend; fold; wind. 
bought 2 (bat). Preterit and past participle of 
buy. 
bought 3 , boucht (bucht), . Same as bught. 
boughten (ba'tn), . A form of bought 2 , weak 
past participle of buy, used adjectively, and 
assimilated to strong participial forms in -en : 
chiefly used in poetry, and colloquially in the 
United States in the sense of purchased, as op- 
posed to home-made. 
For he who buried him was one whose faith 
Recked not of boughten prayers nor passing bell. 
Southey, Madoc in Wales, xiv. 
She had some good clothes in a chist in the bedroom, 
and a boughten bonnet with a good cypress veil. 
S. 0. Jewett, Deephaven, p. 201. 
boughtyt (bou'ti), . [< bought 1 + -y 1 .] Having 
boughts or bends ; bending. Sherwood. 
bpughy (bou'i), a. [< bough 1 + -y 1 ."] Abound- 
ing in boughs. 
bougie (bo'ji ; F. pron. bo-zhe'), n. [F., a wax 
candle, a bougie, = Pr. bugia = It. bugia = Sp. 
bujia = Pg. bugia, a wax candle, < Bugia, F. 
Bougie, AT. Sijiyah, a town in Algeria, whence 
these candles were imported into Europe.] 
1. A wax candle or waxlight. 
Sometimes the bougie* are perfumed with essences, so 
that in burning they may give off an agreeable odour. 
Workshop Receipts, 1st ser., p. 359. 
2. A slender cylinder, smooth and flexible, 
used to dilate or open the rectum, urethra, or 
esophagus, in cases of stricture or other dis- 
eases of those parts. 
bouillabaisse (bo-lya-bas'), . [F.,< Pr. bouille- 
abaisse, equiv. to F "bouillon abaisse : bouillon, 
broth, soup (see bouillon) ; abaisse, pp. of abais- 
ser, reduce : see abase."] In cookery, a kind of 
fish-chowder popular in some parts of France, 
especially at Marseilles. 
This BmiillabaiKW a noble dish is, 
A sort of soup, or broth, or stew, 
Or hotchpotch of all sorts of fishes, 
That Greenwich never could out-do ; 
Green herbs, red peppers, mussels, saffern, 
Soles, onions, garlic, roach and dace ; 
All these you cat at Terra's tavern 
In that one dish of BauUlalmiste. 
Thackeray, Ballad of Bouillabaisse. 
bouilli (bo'lye; F. pron. bo-ye'), , [F., prop, 
pp. of bouillir, boil: see boil 12 .] Meat boiled 
with vegetables, especially in making bouillon ; 
boiled or stewed meat of any kind. 
bouillon (bo'lyon; F. pron. b6-y6ii'), n. [F., 
broth, soup, etc. (see bullion?), < bouillir, boil : 
see boil 2 .] 1. A kind of clear soup, consisting 
of the strained liquid from a slow and prolong- 
ed boiling of meat (usually beef) in the piece 
and sometimes whole vegetables. 2. In far- 
riery, an excrescence of flesh in a wound; 
proud flesh. 
boule 
bouk 1 (bouk or bok), n. [Early mod. E. also 
bouke, Sc. bulk, < ME. bonk, boukc, buke, boot;, < 
AS. biic, the belly, = OS. Mk = D. bulk = MLG. 
buk = OHG. buh, MHG. biich, G. baticlt, the belly, 
= Icel. bukr, trunk of the body, = Sw. buk = 
Dan. bug, the belly. In later ME. and mod. E. 
confused with bouk 2 = bulk 1 , q. v.] If. The 
belly. 2. The trunk of the body; hence, the 
body itself. [Scotch and prov. Eng.] 
bouk' 2 t, . [ME., var. of bulk 1 , q. v.] Same as 
bulk 1 . 
bouk 3 (bouk), v. A dialectal form of bolk. 
bouk 4 , r. t. A dialectal form of buck$. 
boul, bool 2 (bol), n. [North. E. and Sc., earlier 
also boicle, boule; perhaps < MD. boghel = MLG. 
bagel (= G. biigel), a bow, hoop, ring; ult. = E. 
bail 1 , q. v.] 1. Abend; curvature. 2. The 
curved or semicircular handle of a pot, kettle, 
etc. ; especially, in the plural, a movable han- 
dle in two parts, jointed in the middle, for a 
pot with ears; a bail. 3. A loop or annular 
part serving as a handle for something. Specifi- 
cally (a) One of the hoops or rounded openings for the 
thumb or finger in the handles of scissors, (b) The loop 
which forms the handle of a key. (c) The ring on the 
case of a watch to which the chain or guard is attached. 
boulangerite (bo-lan'jer-It), n. [< Soulanger, 
the discoverer, + -ite 2 .] In mineral., a sulphid 
of antimony and lead, occurring in plumose, 
granular, and compact masses, of a bluish lead- 
gray color and metallic luster. 
boulder (bol'der), n. [Also written bowlder, 
bolder, dial, bowder, bootlier; short for the ear- 
lier boulder-stone, dial, bowther-, boother-stone, 
Sc. bowlderstane ; < ME. bulderxton, a boulder ; 
cf. Sw. dial, bullersten, a large pebble or stone 
in a stream, one that causes a rippling in the 
water (opposed to klappersten, small pebble), < 
bullra (=Dan. buldre), make a loud noise (cf. E. 
dial, bolder, make a loud report, bolder, a loud 
report, Sc. buller, roar, rattle as stones falling, 
butter, a roaring, = MD. bolderen, bulderen, D. 
bulderen, roar, rage, = MLG. bulderen = G. 
poltern, make a noise, rattle, cf. bullern, make 
a loud noise, grumble), + sfa' = E. stone; but 
there is no sufficient proof that the E. and Sw. 
forms are connected.] A loose rock, or one 
which has been torn from its native bed and 
transported to some distance. As ordinarily used, 
the word indicates a piece of rock which is larger than a 
pebble or cobble, whose edges have become weather-worn 
and more or less rounded, and which lies upon the sur- 
face. 
boulder (bol'der), ,'. t. [< boulder, .] To wear 
smooth, as an emery-wheel, by abrading with 
small flint pebbles. Also spelled bowlder. 
Boulclered down, said of metal polishing-wheels or laps 
when emery and oil are spread over them, then pressed 
into the metal and worn down with bouldering-stones. 
boulder-clay (bol'der-kla), n. Stiff, unlami- 
nated, tenacious clay, especially that of the 
glacial or drift epoch or ice age. Also called 
drift, till. 
boulder-head (bol'der-hed), . A row of piles 
driven before a sea-dike to resist the action of 
the waves. 
bouldering-Stpne(b61'der-ing-stdn), . Smooth 
translucent flint pebbles, found in gravel-pits 
and used to smooth the faces of emery-wheels 
and glazers by abrading any large grains of 
emery or other powder on their surfaces. 
boulder-paving (border-pa"ving), n. A pave- 
ment of cobble-stones. 
boulder-stpne (bol'der-ston), .. Same as boul- 
der, of which it is the older form. 
bouldery (bol'der-i), a. [< boulder + -yi.] Ke- 
sembling a boulder ; full of boulders. 
The snperjacent beds consist of coarse Itouhlery shingle 
in a sandy clay matrix. Gdkie, Ice Age, p. 192. 
boule 1 (boi). n. The proper French spelling of 
buhl. 
boule 2 (bo'ie), H. [Gr. /?oi>/#, will, counsel, ad- 
vice, plan, a council, senate, < ftotHteOat. dial. 
/fttteemu, = L. relle = AS. villan, E. will : see 
will, >.] 1. In Gr. antiq., a legislative coun- 
cil, originally aristocratic, consisting of the 
heads of the citizen families, sitting under the 
presidency of the king. Later, in Ionian states, 
where a democratic polity had prevailed, the boule. par- 
ticularly at Athens, became a second or higher popular 
assembly, corresponding to the senate in modern govern- 
ments. At Athens the boule consisted of iMi citizens over 
30 years of age, chosen annually by lot, 50 from each tribe. 
It hail charge of the official religious rites important in 
the ancient wnrlil, and its chief legislative duties were to 
examine or prepare bills for presentation to the popular 
assembly (the real governing body), which could modify 
<>r reject the nuu-lusinns reached by the senate, and to 
advise the assembly regarding affairs of state. The Athe- 
nian boule had also some executive functions, especially 
in ruimcctioii with the management of the navy and the 
cavalry. Compare geruxia. 
