brachygrapher 
brachygrapher (bra-kig'r;i-fer;, . [< hra- 
jkfgnpltf + -ir 1 .] A writer in shorthand; a 
stenographer. 
He uskril tin- ''i-Hrhyfrraphtr whether he wrote the notes 
nf that Hi-nnnn. Qaytitn, Notes on IVm Quixote, f. 8. 
brachygraphy (iira-kiK'ra-fi), . [= V. 
iiriiplni-. < tir. ip'.t".. short, + -jpa^/n, < y 
. 
write.] The art or practice of writing in short- 
hand; stenography. 
And he is to take thr wliolo dunces from tlie foot by 
bracl<ii<inii>liii, inn) so n>aki< a memorial, if not a map of 
Mir tmsiui-ss. B. Jftnson, Fan's Anniversary. 
What have we here the Art of llrarhi<imphy f 
Marflint (ttut Ilark*f<'<t, Inaatiate Countess, v. 
brachykephalic, brachykephalous, etc. See 
frroCrtyoepAoHc, bracJwcephaknu, etc. 
brachylogy (bru-kil'o-ji), . [=F. brachylogie, 
<Gr. pfaxv^cr/ia, brevity in speech or writing, < 
ftpaxvMyof, short in speech, < (ipaxvf, short, + 
Myctv, speak.] In rliet. and t/ram., brevity of 
diction; a concise or abridged form of expres- 
sion ; especially, non-repetition or omission of 
a word when its repetition or use would be ne- 
cessary to complete the grammatical construc- 
tion: as, I do not think so now, but I have 
(thought so) ; this is as good (as) or better than 
that. 
Brachymeridse (brak-i-mer'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Hnii'lit/Htmix, '2, + -iilir.] A family of batra- 
chians, named from the genus Brachymerus. 
liiinlln r. 
Brachymerus (brak-i-me'rus), . [NL., < Gr. 
Ppaxvf, short, T /<vpof, a thigh.] 1. In entom. : 
(a) A genus of coleopterous insects, named by 
Dejean in 1834. (6) A genus of hymenopterous 
insects. 2. In lierpet., the typical genus of 
Brachuwirida: Smith, 1849. 3. A genus of 
brachiopods, of the family Pentamerid<e. y. S. 
filmier, 1865. 
brachymetropia (brak'i-me-tro'pi-a), . [NL., 
< Gr. jipaxi'S, short, + utrpov, measure, + Ity 
(<JJT-), eye, sight.] Same as myopia. 
brachymetropic (brak*i-me-trop ik), a. Same 
as myopic. 
brachymetropy (brak-i-met'ro-pi), . See bra- 
chyntctronia. 
brachyodont (brak'i-o-dont), a. [< Gr. Ppaxl't, 
short, + iiSoi'f (bSovr-) = E. tooth.] Having a 
short or low crown : applied to the teeth of the 
Cervidce: distinguished from hypsodont. See 
extract. 
The true molars of the Cervidee are brathyodmif, and 
those of the Bovidaj hypsodont ; i. . . the teeth of the 
former have comparatively short crowns, which . . . take 
their place at once with the neck ... on a level with or 
a little above the alveolar border. 
W. II. Flower, in Encyc. Brit., XV. 431. 
Brachyoura, brachyoural, brachyouran, etc. 
See Brachyura, etc. 
brachypinacoid (brak-i-pin'a-koid), . [< Gr. 
ftpaxi'c, short, + jiiiiacoia.'] In crystal., a plane 
in the orthorhombic system which is parallel 
to the vertical and shorter lateral (bracnydiag- 
onal) axes. 
brachypleural (brak-i-pl8'ral), a. [< Gr. Jpaxi><;, 
short, + NL. pleura + -?.] Literally, having 
short pleura : specifically said of trilobites all of 
whose anterior pleura are of the same relative 
length in the adult : opposed to macropleural. 
The Swedish Paradoxides, like those of the typical Me- 
nerlan beds, and unlike those of Bohemia, are all, so far as 
determined, of the Jlrachuplettral type. 
Am*. Jmir. Sci., Sdser., XXXIII. 475. 
Brachypodes (bra-kip'o-dez), n. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. iipaxi-t, short, + TTOI/J (nw>-) = E. foot.'] In 
Sundevall's classification of birds, the sixth 
phalanx of the cohort Cichlomorpha;, including 
8 families of dentirostral oscine Passeres, such 
as the waxwiugs, orioles, swallow-flycatchers, 
caterpillar-catchers, and drongo-shnkes. 
Brachypodinae (brak'i-po-dl'ne), n. pi. [NL., 
< Bnekmtu (-pod-), 4 (d), + -itue?] A sub- 
family of the family Merulidtr (Swainson), com- 
prising short-legged thrushes now known as 
Pyriinnotiihr, mid various other birds. [Not in 
IIS!'.] 
brachypodine (bra-kip'o-din), a. and . I. 
n. Short-footed, as a thrush ; specifically, of or 
pertaining to the BrachypixHiiit . 
II. . A bird of the subfamily Bra-chypwiiiur. 
brachypodous (bra-kip'o-dus), a. [AsBrachy- 
pod-es + -OM.] 1. In hot., having a short foot 
or stalk. 2. In zool., short-footed. See Bra- 
fhyintg, Brachypodes. 
brachyprism (brak'i-prizm). . [<Gr. 0pax l f, 
short, + -piafia, a prism.] In crystal., a prism 
of an orthorhombic crystal lying between the 
unit prism and the brachypinacoid. 
653 
In the topaz rrystal the brachypritm and the pyramid 
are the pvtQOBriMMl - Irrm-nt*, aiutocUted with the prism. 
JBnry.-. I: i,i.. XVI. 360. 
Brachypteracias(bra-kip-t-ra'si-a8), n. [NL., 
< brticnyptfriui (see brarln/iiti rotis) + (Cor)acias : 
sec t'nr<iciitx.~] A remarkable genus of Mada- 
gasoan pioarian birds, of the fmnily <'<>rin-iln . 
The type is //. li-/ilosnuiii. I.Hi'ri:*inii/f, 1834. 
Brachypteraciinae (bra-kip-te-ra-si-i'ne), >i.pl. 
[XL., < Jirii<-lii//>ti rin-itiH + -in<r.~\ The ground- 
rollers, a peculiar Madugascan subfamily of 
birds, of the family Coraciidie, represented by 
the genera Brachyptcraciag, AMurniii, and 
Brachypterae (bra-kip'te-re), . /</. [NL., 
fern. pi. of anumgftsnu: see brachyptcroim.] 1. 
In Cuvier's system of classification, a division of 
I'lilwi/K ili'K, embracing diving-birds, as grebes, 
loons, auks, and penguins. 2. In Suudevall's 
system of classification, the fourth phalanx of 
the cohort Cichlomorplitr, embracing three fami- 
lies of the short-winged, long-tailed wren-war- 
blers of the Australian, Indian, and Ethiopian 
regions. 
Brachypterl (bra-kip'te-ri), n.pl. [NL., mage. 
pi. of brachypterus : see brachypterous.] In 
ornitli., a group of short-winged diving-birds, 
as the auks, loons, and grebes; the Unnatores 
or PygojMidex of some authors. 
brachypterous (bra-kip'te-rus), a. [< NL. 
brachypterus (> F. brachypt&re), < Gr. ftpaxi-- 
KTcpof, short-winged, < fipaxi-*;, short, + KTcp6v, a 
wing, feather, = E. feather.] In ornith., having 
short wings ; brevipennate. Specifically applied to 
those water-birds, as the Brachypteri or Itrachypttrtx, 
whose wings when folded do not reach to the root of the 
tail. 
Brachypus (brak'i-pus), w. [NL. (pi. brachy- 
podes), < Gr. fipaxvf, short, + irorf (jrorf-) =: E. 
foot.'] 1. In herpet., a genus of lizards. Fite- 
inger, 1826. 2. In conch., a genus of gastro- 
pods. 3. In entom.: (a) A genus of beetles. 
Schonherr, 1826. (b) A genus of dipterous in- 
sects, of the family Dolichopodidw. Meigeii, 
1824. 4. In ornitli. : (a) A genus of swifts. 
Meyer, 1815. See Apus, Micropus, and Cypselu*. 
(b) A genus of thrushes and other birds, of the 
subfamily Rrachypoditue. Suiainson, 1824. 
brachypyramid (brak-i-pir'a-mid), . [< Gr. 
fipaxvc, short, + ri>pa///f, pyramid.] In crystal., 
a pyramid in an orthorhombic crystal lying be- 
tween the zone of unit pyramids and the brachy- 
domes. 
Brachyrhamphus (brak-i-ram'fus), w. [NL., 
< Gr. ppaxi-f, short, + pa/^r, bill, snout.] A 
genus of brachypterous brachyurous tridactyl 
palmiped birds, of the family Alcidte, the mur- 
relets, several species of which inhabit the Pa- 
cific coasts of Asia and America. /;. tutlitzi and 
B. hypoleiicv*, the latter inhabiting Lower California, are 
the leading species. Theyare small, slender-billed murres, 
related to the species of (7ria, or guulemote. /.'. nu>nm<- 
rattt* is the marbled murrelet. Also Rrachyramphwi. 
Brachyrhynchinas (brak'i-ring-M'ne), n. pi. 
[NL., < Brachyrhynchua, 1, + -itux. ] Asubfamily 
of heteropterous insects, of the family Aradidtr, 
typified by the genus Brachyrhynchug. They have 
a very short rostrum (whence the name), thickened mar- 
gins of the posterior segments of the abdomen, and the 
elytra confined within tne limits of the abdominal disk. 
Also Brnchifrhynchitut. 
Brachyrhynclius (brak-i-ring'kus), . [NL., 
< Gr. ppaxw, short, + l>i>yxfj a snout, beak.] 1 . 
In entom., the typical genus of Brachyrhynchi- 
n<e. Laporte, 1833. 2. A genus of reptiles. 
Fitsinytr, 1843. 
brachystochrone, n. Erroneous, though the 
original and until recently the usual, spelling 
of orachistochrone. 
Brachystola (bra-kis'to-lft), . [NL., < Gr. 
flpaxif, short, + <rro).fi, a rooe, stole : see tote 2 .] 
A genus of orthopterous insects, of the family 
^ 
Lubber Grasshopper ' Brachystoln 
AcriilidcE. B. maiina is a large clumsy locust, common 
on the western plains of N'orth America, where it is known 
as tin- lubber grasshopper. 
Brachystoma, Brachystomata (bra-kis'to-mS. 
brak-i-sto'ina-ta), . ///. [XL., < Gr. VM " . 
short. + rrronn, pi. nrnnarn, month.] A division 
Brachyurus 
of brachycproiis dipterous insects, character- 
ized by the short proboscis. It is composed of 
such families a> the i.i/iiiiin, I In midtr, DoU- 
r/iii/iiiiliilir. and ^'ir/iliiiUi'. 
brachystomatous, brachystomous (brak-i- 
sto'niji-tiis, bi'ii-kis'tM-niii-), n. [A- /iY</</,// 
ftoMOM, linii-lii/x/iiiun, + -mm. ] I hivinga small 
or short mouth, beak, or proboscis; specifically, 
of or pertaining to the Itriirhyxlniiiiilii. 
Brachytarsi (bruk-i-tiir'si), .,,!. [NL., < Gr. 
/<p<U''f, short, + ropo-of, the flat of the foot, 
mod. tarsus: see tarsus.'] A division of the 
order I'ni.iiiiiiir or lemuroids, represented by 
the lemurs proper. 
Brachyteles (bra-kit'e-lz), w. [NL., < Gr. 
[jpaxi'f, short, + rftar, end, with ref. to A teles, 
q. v.] A genus of South American spider-mon- 
keys, having a thumb, though a short one : sep- 
arated by Spix from Ateles: synonymous with 
Eriodes (which see). 
brachytypous (bra-kit'i-pus), o. [< Gr. /Jpo^f, 
short, + riVof, form, type.] In mineral., of a 
short form. 
Brachyura (brak-i-u'ril), w. pi. [NL., less cor- 
rectly Brachyoura; neut. pi. of brachyurus, short- 
tailed: see brachyurous.] 1. A group of short- 
tailed stalk-eyed 
decapodous crus- 
taceans, such as 
ordinary crabs: 
opposed to Mao- 
rura (which see). 
The short and small 
tail, or abdomen, is 
closely folded under 
the cephalothorax, 
forming the apron. 
The Rrachiinra are 
sometimes artificial- 
ly divided into four 
groups, Oxyjttomata, 
Oxyrhynchn, Cycio- 
metopa, and Cata- 
metopa ; now more 
frequently into 
altout Iti families, 
without superfami- 
ly grouping. 
2. In mammal., 
a group of short- 
toiled bats, the 
same as Embal- 
lonuridte (which 
see). 
Also Brachy- 
oura. 
brachyural 
(brak-i-u'ral), a. 
[As brachyur-ous 
+ -al] Short- 
tailed : applied 
to a section of the Crustacea, as the crabs, to 
distinguish them from the macrurous or long- 
tailed crustaceans, as the lobsters. Also spelled 
brachijoural. 
brachyuran (brak-i-u'ran), w. [As brachyur-oun 
+ -an.] One of the brachyurous crustaceans. 
Also brachyouran. 
brachyure (brak'i-ur), w. [< NL. Brachyurus : 
see brachyurous.] 1. A South American mon- 
key of the genus Brachyurus, in the classifica- 
tion of Spix. 2. An ant-thrush or breve of 
the genus Pitta (or Brachynras). 3. A crab or 
other brachyurous crustacean. 
Brachyuridse (brak-i-u'ri-de), . pi. [NL-, < 
Brachyurus, 2, + -iVto.] Same as Pittida. 
[Not in use.] 
brachyurous (brak-i-u'rus), a . f < NL. brachy- 
vrus, short-tailed, < Gr. 3paxi<$, short, + ovp&, 
tail.] 1. Short-tailed; having a short tail. 
The prevalence of Macrurous tefore Brachytiroui Po- 
dophthalmia is, apparently, a fair piece of evidence in 
favour of progressive modification in the same order of 
Crustacea. Huxlty, Lay Sermons, p. tSS. 
2. Specifically, of or pertaining to the Brachy- 
Also braehyourous. 
Brachyums (brak-i-u'ms), n. [NL., < Gr. 
,'{ short, + ol'fM, tail.] 1. A genus of 
South American monkeys, of the family Cebid<r 
and subfamily I'ithtriinir, containing the oua- 
karis or short-tailed sakis, of which there are 
several species, as B. ccbun, B. rubicunda, B. 
ouakari. This genus was proposed by Spix 
in 1823; it is also called Ouaicaria. 2. A 
genus of birds, the leading one of the familv 
Pittida: (or Brachyurida;) ; the breves or old- 
world anWhrushes. In this sense the word was 
introduced by Thunberg in 1821 ; it was revived by Bona 
part in 1850, and thru used by Elliot in lii- monograph 
of the Pitti,f,r : but it i< n.. !;- 
Carapace of Shore-crab ; Carcintu mar- 
nas), a typical brachyuran. showing the 
Cirts of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, 
pper fiyure ( dorsal ) : /, rostrum ; a, orbit ; 
ft. cervical groove i f\, epigastric lobe ; 
g*. protogastric ; *4, meMga&tric ; f*. hy. 
poea&tric : ff>. urwastric; c, fl, anterior 
ana posterior cardiac lobes; A. hepatic 
lobe; l, *>, W. epibranchial, nioohran- 
chi.il. and metabranchial lobes. 
Lower figure r ventral): a, rostral sep- 
tum; 6, antennary sternum, or epistoma : 
c. suture between a and A ,- d. supraciliary 
lobe ; e . internal suborbital lobe ; /, anten- 
n.i ; y, articular cavity for ophthalmite : It. 
same for the antennule : o, orbit ; ift, tub- 
hepatic region ; rf, anterior pleura] region. 
