braunite 
It occurn in tetragonal crystal! of a brownish-black color 
in Tinning]:!, Hi. ll:uv., I'inlin. . lit, und elsewhere. 
Brauronian (bra-ro'ni-an), a. [< (ir. !!/"- 
puvia, of Brauron, an epithet of Artemis, < IVwu- 
/xii', an Attic village and dome near Marathon.] 
Of or relating to Brauron, a demo of Attica, or 
to its inhabitants; specifically, an epithet of 
Artemis, who was worshiped under this title on 
the Acropolis of Athens. 
brava (brii'vii). Sec n-miirks under braro, intt ij. 
bravadet (blf-vad'), n. [< F. liravade: eeebra- 
rni/ii.] Same as braradn. 
Thf mvnt I'acheco, like himself, this hot 
Ami llerce limeade shall in a trice make ain. 
Fanshatpf. 
bravado (bra-va'do), n. and a. [Formerly also 
braradi: (< r\ bniraile) = ODan. bravat, < Sp. 
brnriidii, now hninita ( It. brarata), boast, 
vain ostentation, < bravo = F. brave = It. bravo, 
brave, bullying: see brnre and bravo.] I. n. ; 
pi. bravados or braradoeit (-doz). 1. Preten- 
tious boldness or bravery ; arrogant or boast- 
ful menace ; swaggering defiance. 
In spite of our host's bravado. I, >/'././. 
No sooner was this mail bravado agreed upon than they 
turned the reins of their horses and made for Seville. 
li-i-fii'i. M -isll rhn.nielc, 1 1. M'.l. 
2f. One who indulges in boastful and arrogant 
menaces. 
The hectors and bravailoes of the House, who show all 
the zeal on this occasion. Pepyi, Diary, Feb. 28, 1687. 
II. a. Arrogantly bold or menacing ; said or 
done in bravado: as, "bravado bets," Disraeli, 
Coningsby, v. 5. 
bravado (bra-va'do), v. i. [< bravado, n.] To 
act in a spirit of bravado ; storm ; rage. [Rare.] 
Like winds where Kulns bramido'd. Lloyd, The Poet. 
bravaisite (bra-va'zit), . [< Bravais, a French 
crystallographer, + -iie 2 .] A hydrous silicate 
of aluminium with small amounts of iron, cal- 
cium, magnesium, and potassium, occurring in 
crystalline fibrous forms in the coal-measures 
of Noyant, in Maine-et-Loire, France. 
brave (brav), a. and . [First in early mod. E. ; 
= G. brav (17th century) = MD. bramce, brave, 
fine, gallant (in appearance), brave, fierce, also 
fine, gallant (Kilian), mod. D. braaf, brave, gal- 
lant, courageous (cf. MD. brauwen, adorn, bru- 
veren, be fierce, = MLG. braveren = ODan. bra- 
vere, strut), = Dan. brav, brave, worthy, = OSw. 
braf, Sw. bra, good, > prob. 8c. braw, good, 
also pleasant, fine, handsome, etc., < F. brace, 
brave, fine, gallant, etc., introduced in the 16th 
century, < It. braro, brave, hardy, Olt. tempes- 
tuous (ef. bravo, n., cutthroat, assassin, bravo), 
= Sp. Pg. bravo, brave, etc., = Pr. brau, fern. 
/ii-i/ra, brave, hard, wicked, etc. (ML. bravus, 
a bravo, cutthroat); perhaps = OF. "brou hi 
rabroiier, check, chide, etc., brouaz, brouhaha, 
a bluster, brouhoiix, storms, blusters, etc., 
brouee, blustering. Origin and relations un- 
certain. There appear to be at least two 
words confused: in the sense 'fine, good,' etc., 
cf. Bret, brav, bran, flue, agreeable, pretty, 
braga, strut, dress in fine clothes (see brag); in 
the sense ' bold, wild,' etc., cf. OF. braou, brau, 
ML. brarug, bravis, a young untamed ox, Olt. 
bravo, tempestuous, Sp. brava, a heavy swell 
of the sea, OF. "brou, (above), etc. ; W. bratr, 
terror, fright.] I. a. 1. Possessing or exhibit- 
ing courage or courageous endurance; in- 
trepid; valiant; fearless: as. a brave warrior ; 
a brave act; he was brave under calamity. 
Two braver men 
Ne'er spurr'd their coursers at the trumpet's sound. 
Skat., 8 Hen. VI., v. 7. 
The brave man is not he who feels no feiu', . . . 
But he whose noble mind its fears subdues. 
,/. /;/'/,.. Basil. 
The coward sneaks to death, the brace live on. 
Dr. Seuvll, The Suicide, ii. 66. 
2. Making a fine display in bearing, dress, or 
appearance generally ; having a noble mien : 
said of persons. 
I have gold, and therefore will be brave, 
In Mlks I'll rattle it of every colour. 
Greene, Tu Quoque, vii. 
3. Splendid; beautiful; gorgeous; gaudy: said 
of things. 
With blossoms braoe bedecked daintily. 
Spetuer, F. Q., I. vii. 32. 
And wear my dagger with the braver grace. 
Skak., M. of V., iii. 4. 
He hud them into the very best room in the house (a 
very brave room it was). 
llu Hi/mi, Pilgrim's Progress, p. 252. 
4. Excellent; capital; fine; admirable. |K..r 
m.Th in very common use in this seuse as a general term 
Ml 
of commendation ; often also ued Ironically ; now ohso- 
lete except perhaps in irony.] 
Iron Is a bran- commodity where wood ahoundeth. 
/;,. 
1 II devise thee braw punishments for him. 
Shot., Much Ado, v. 4. 
= 8yn. 1. Gallant, Valiant, Courageous, Brav, Ueroir, 
valorous, danntlesa, chivalrous, doughty, resolute, man- 
ful. <inii-n:i -I'l.-n.li.l in ill-.-,- ,,] Dualities i most ap- 
liroprhttely used willi r.^iiril to couniu'e which exhibit* 
itself in deeds attracting attention au.l applause : of the 
first four words it is that which may have in it most of 
...Mlplllil.-Mt Ulld I'M, I of hiuh ci.uimcn.hltion, bUt It U 
often a strong word, expressing gplendid bravery in ac- 
t ii in : us, he was a ijallant officer. Valiant Is also brave in 
action, especially in opposing physical force, as In buttle. 
The word is now elevated and poetic. Courageous denotes 
the possession of that spirit which enables one fearlessly 
and with full presence of niiml to face danger. Krart Is the 
most comprehensive of the words; it may denote the pos- 
session ..f the highest and noblest kind of courage and for- 
titude, of that spirit which enables a man to bear up against 
evil and danger, as well as to go forth to face it < 
limit* has much of this breadth of meaning, but Is appli- 
cable rather to doing than to enduring ; brarf is both pas- 
sive and active. Iffroie combines the meaning of all the 
other words in the superlative degree. It indicates a lofty 
MI] i MI it \ to fear, a noble self-forgetfulness, an almost 
superhuman power to dare, achieve, or suffer. It bears 
the same relation to the other words that miblime bean to 
iri'iit, grand, or lofty. 
Tin- Sardinian fleet had been withdrawn from Venice, 
and the gallant resistance of the Venetians was fast draw- 
ing to a close. E. Dicey, Victor Emmanuel, p. 108. 
Plague on't; an I thought he had been valiant and so 
cunning in fence, I'd have seen him damned ere I'd have 
challenged him. Shak., T. N., ill. 4. 
But he rose upon their decks, and he cried : 
"I have fought for Queen and Faith like a valiant man 
and true." Tennyson, The Revenge. 
Only be thou strong and very courageous, that thou 
mayest observe to do according to all the law which 
Moses my servant commanded thee. Josh. i. 7. 
But, what with pleasure Heaven itself surveys, 
A brave man struggling in the storms of fate, 
And greatly falling with a falling state. 
Pope, Prol. to Cato, 1. 81. 
II. M. [Cf. bravo, n.] 1. A brave, bold, or 
daring person ; a man daring beyond discretion. 
Specifically 2. A North American Indian or 
other savage warrior: as, the chief was accom- 
panied by two hundred braces. 
Two from among them [Indian warriors) advancing, 
( 'anie to parley with Standlsh, and offer him furs as a 
present; . . . 
Braces of the tribe were these, and brothers gigantic in 
stature. Longfellow, Courtship of Miles 3tandish, vii. 
With three strokes to each, the scalps of the victims be- 
ing suddenly taken off, the braoe flies back with his com- 
panions, to hang the trophies in his cabin. 
Bancroft, Hist. I", s., II. 431. 
3f. A hector ; a bully ; a bravo. 
Too insolent, too much a brace. Drydeti. 
4f. [< brave, v.] A boast; a challenge; a de- 
fiance. 
I will not bear these braves of thine. 
Skat., T. of the 8., iii. 1. 
TU time 
To be avenged on you for all your braves. 
Marlom, Edward II., iii. 3. 
brave (brav), r. t. ; pret. and pp. braved, ppr. 
braving. [< F. braver, brave, affront, defy, etc., 
< brave, brave.] 1. To encounter with cour- 
age and fortitude ; set at defiance ; defy ; chal- 
lenge; dare. 
The ills of love, not those of fate, I fear ; 
These I can brave, but those I cannot I..-.-H-. Dryden. 
Louis the Fifteenth braved t lit hatred and contempt of 
his subject* during many years of the most wlious and 
imbecile niisgovcrmnent. 
ilacaulay, West. Rev. Defence of Mill. 
2f. To wear a boasting appearance of. 
To brave that which they believe not. Bacon, Essays. 
Another, 
Reputed valiant, lives by the sword, and takes up 
Quarrels, or braces them, as the novice likes, 
To gild his reputation. Ford, Fancies, i. 3. 
3f. To make fine, showy, or splendid. [Rare.] 
He [the sun) should have brao'd the east an hour ago. 
Skat., Rich. III., v. ;!. 
To brave out, to face out ; brazen out : generally with an 
indefinite it as object. 
However we bra ce it out, we men are a little breed. 
Tennyson, Maud, iv. 
bravely (brav'li), adv. In a brave manner. 
CO r.mrageously; gallantly; splendidly; heroically. 
Who combats brawly is not therefore brave. 
Pope, Moral Essays, i. 115. 
(ft) Finely ; gaudily. 
And decked herself bravely, to allure the eyes of all men 
that should see her. Judith x. 4. 
(e) Well ; prosperously : as, he is getting on brarely. 
The tug was towing bravely. 
V. C. RiUKll, Jack's Courtship, xxi. 
bravenessf (brav'nes), n. The quality of be- 
ing brave; bravery: as, "the linircnesn of the 
exploit," Hollanil, tr. of Plutarch, p. 306. 
brawl 
bravery (bra'ver-i), M.; pi. brareritt (-iz). [< 
F. liraverif, gallantry, splendor, etc., < It, 
brave: see brave and -fry.] 1. The quality of 
being brave; courage; heroism; undaunted 
spirit; intrepidity; gallantry; fearlessness. 
Keiuemlirr, sir, my liege, . . . 
The natural bratmj of your isle. 
Sl:,,k . rjmU-IIni-, III. I. 
Lancelot, the flower of bravery. 
/-in, Lancelot and Elaine. 
2. Showiness; splendor; magnificence. 
The bravery of their tinkling ornaments. Is. 111. 18. 
Oreat bravery of building, to the marvelloiu beantlfyliiK 
of the realm. ' 
No more in the midnight tempest 
Will she mock the mounting sea, 
Strong in her oaken timbers, 
And her white sail's bravery. 
llallefk, Epistles. 
St. Show; ostentation; parade. 
Prefaces, . . . and other speeches of reference to the 
person, are great wastes of time ; and though they seem 
to proceed of modesty, they are bravery. Bacon. 
N'or would I you should melt away yourself 
In flashing bra very. 
B. Jonton, Every Man In his Humour, L 1. 
4t. Bravado; boast. 
I commended but their wits, madam, and their brarr- 
riet. I never looked toward their valours. 
/;. Jonson, Eplcwne, iv. 2. 
There are those that make it a point of bravery to bid 
defiance to the oracles of divine revelation. 
Sir Jt. L'Estrange. 
5t. A showy person. 
A man that Is the bravery of his age. Beau, and Ft. 
He Is one of the braveries, though he be none of the wits. 
IS. Jonson, Kpir.cne, I. 1. 
= 8yn. 1. Valor, daring, pluck, boldness, mettle, audacity. 
For comparison, see brave. 
bravi (bra've). See remarks under bravo, interj. 
bravingt (bra'ving), 11. [Verbal n. of brave, r.] 
Bravado; defiance. 
With so proud a straine of threats and bravings. 
Chapman, Odyssey, xxi. 
bravingly (bra'ving-li), adv. In a braving or 
defying manner. Sheldon. [Rare.] 
bravissimo (bra-vis'i-mo), inter/. [It., super!, 
of bravo, q. v.] Superlative of braro. 
That's right I'm steel Bravo ! Adamant Bravisri- 
ma.' Caiman, Jealous Wife, i. 1. 
bravityt, . [< brave + -ity.] Bravery. 
bravo (bra'vo), iiiterj. [It. adj. (pi. brari, fern. 
brava, pi. brave), > F. brave, > E. brave, q. v.] 
Well done ! good ! sometimes used as a noun : 
as, "with bravo and handclapping," Carlyle, 
French Rev., II. v. 6. 
The Italian Prima Donna sweep a courtesy of careless 
pity to the over-facile pit which unsexes her with the 
bra co ! Lotcetl, On a Certain Condescension in Foreigners. 
|In Italian the word Is an adjective, ami the correct usage 
is to say bravo to a male singer or actor, brava to a female, 
andfrramto a company; but in French and properly In 
English the word is a mere interjection. Careful persons 
familiar with the Italian usage do, however, discriminate 
as to gender.] 
bravo (bra'vo), .; pi. bravos or bravoes (-voz). 
[It. (ML. bravus), < bravo, adj.: see brave.] A 
daring villain ; a bandit ; one who sets law at 
defiance ; an assassin or murderer. 
Slab, like bravoes, all who come that way. 
Churchill, The Apology. 
Was not this Venice, and is not Venice forever associ- 
ated with brarofs and unexpected dagger thrusts? 
UotfelLj, Venetian Life, xl. 
bravura (bra-vd'rfi), w. and a. [It., bravery, 
spirit, < braro: see brave.] I. n. In aimtir. 
florid air, requiring great force and spirit in 
the performer, and serving to display his or 
her power, flexibility of voice, and distinctness 
of articulation. 
II. . In music, spirited; florid; brilliant: 
as, a bravura air: chiefly applied to vocal com- 
positions, but occasionally to instrumental. 
braw (bra), a. and . [Sc.: see brave.] L 
Brave; fine; gay; handsome; pleasant; agree- 
able ; worthy ; excellent ; stout : as, a bratr new 
gown ; a braw man ; brau; lads and bonny lasses. 
[Scotch.] 
There's brair, braw lads on Yarrow braes. 
Burns, (Jala Water. 
II. . ;>'. One's best apparel ; finery. 
brawdt, r. t. See broud, broid. 
brawderyt, . An obsolete variant of broidery. 
bra wet (brou'et), w. A young eel. Also writ- 
ten braicat. [North. Eng.] 
brawl 1 (bral), v. [Early mod. E. also brail. < 
ME. brallen, cry out, vociferate, =r D. brallen, 
boast, = Dan. bralle, jabber, chatter, = MHG. 
prdlen, G. jiraMen, boast, vaunt, flaunt; appar- 
ently identical with ME. brawlen, braulen, quar- 
rel, \V. braid, a boast, brolio, boast, vaunt, bra- 
gal, vociferate, etc. Cf . also F. brailler (= Pr. 
brailar), cry out, bawl, prob. < braire, bray : see 
