bromlite 
bonate of barium and calcium in orthorhombic 
crystals, intermediate between witherite and 
strontianite. Also called ult<iit<: 
bromochloralum (bro'mo-klo'ni-lum), n. A 
solution of the chloriti and bromide of iilumin 
ium, frequently used as a disinfectant. 
bromoform (ImV mo-form), n. [< brom(ine) + 
-form, as in chlnmforin, q. v.] A colorless lim- 
pid liquid of agreeable odor, formed by the 
action of bromino and potassium hydrate mi 
wood-spirit or ordinary alcohol. It is analo- 
gous to chloroform, but contains bromine in 
place of chlorine. 
bromogelatin (brd'mo-jel'a-tin), a. Formed 
from or prepared with certain bromides to- 
gether with silver nitrate and gelatin, as the 
sensitive emulsions used for preparing dry 
plates in photographic work. See emuMon and 
ilercloper. 
bromography (bro-mog'ra-fl), . [< Or. flp>/ta, 
food, T -)pa<t>ia, < yp&Quv, write.] Same as \trt>- 
matoijraphy. 
bromoiodized (bro'mo-i'o-dizd), . Impreg- 
nated with bromides and iodides, as the collo- 
dion plate used in the wet process of photog- 
raphy. 
bromuret (bro'mu-ret), . [< brom(iiie) + 
-tiret.] Same as bromide. 
bromureted (bro'mu-ret-ed), a. [< bromuret + 
-<!/-.] Impregnated or combined with bromine. 
Bromus (bro'mus), n. [NL. (L. bromos in 
Pliny), < Gr. /3p6/iof, also fiopuos, a kind of oats, 
from same root as ftopd, food, and fipufia, food : 
see broma.] A genus of grasses; the brome- 
grass (which see). 
bromyrite (bro'mi-rit), . [< broi(ide) + (anj)u- 
rite.] Native silver bromide, of a yellowish- 
green color, occurring at Huelgoat in Brittany, 
in Mexico, and in Chili, accompanying other 
ores of silver. Sometimes called bromite and 
bromic silver. 
bronchi, . Plural of bronchus. 
bronchia (brong'ki-a), . pi. [LL., < Gr. /ip6-j- 
Xia, the bronchial tubes, in sing, fip6yxtov, equi v. 
to ftpdyxof, the windpipe ; cf . /Jpaj^ia, the gills : 
see bronchia;.] The bronchial tubes. See bron- 
chial. 
bronchial (brong'ki-al), a. [< bronchia + -al.] 
Belonging to the bronchi or the bronchia. 
Bronchial arteries, branches of the thoracic aorta ac- 
companying the bronchial tubes. Bronchial glands. 
See y land. Bronchial hemorrhage. same as bran- 
chahemorrhagia. Bronchial membrane, the mucous 
meml>r;im> lining the bruriehi and bronchial tubes. 
Bronchial tubes, the ramifications of the bronchi, ter- 
minating in the infmulibula of the lungs. Bronchial 
veins, tin- veins accompanying the bronchial tubes ami 
emptying into the superior intercostal and azygous veins. 
bronchic (brong'kik), a. [< bronchus + -ic.] 
Same as bronchial. 
bronchidesmus (brong-ki-des'mus), n. [NL., 
< Gr. fi/m-)xoc., the windpipe, + 6eofi6f, a band, 
tie, < tfeiv, bind, tie.] A membrane which 
unites the bronchi of birds to some extent. 
The membrane . . . which was termed by Garrod the 
brmifkidetmux is complete in the storks. 
BeMard, Proc. Zool. Sue., June, 1886, p. 321. 
bronchiectasic (brong'ki-ek-tas'ik), a. K bron- 
fhirettutiM + -ic ; prop, "bronchiectatic.] Like or 
pertaining to bronchiectasis. 
bronchiectasis (brong-ki-ek'ta-sis), n. [NL., < 
Gr. tlpuyxia, bronchial tubes, "+ curootf, exten- 
sion, < i'KTeivfiv = L. esten-d-ere, extend.] In 
put hoi., dilatation of the bronchial tubes as pro- 
duced in phthisis and chronic bronchitis. 
bronchiole (brong'ki-61), a. [< bronchiolHS.] A 
smalt bronchial tube. 
bronchiolus (broug-ki'o-lus), . ; pi. broncliioli 
(-H). [NL., dim. of bronchus, q. v.] A bron- 
chiole. 
bronchiostenosis (brong-ki-os-te-no'sis), . 
[NL., < Ur. fipo-jxia, the bronchial tubes, + 
erevuaif , contraction, < OTFVOVV, contract, narrow, 
< oret>or, narrow.] In pathol., contraction of a 
bronchus or a bronchial tube. 
bronchitic (brong-kit'ik), . [< bronchitis + -ic.] 
Pertaining to or of the nature of bronchitis. 
bronchitis (brong-ki'tis), n. [NL., < bronrlnm. 
windpipe (see bronchia), + -itis.] In patlml., an 
inflammation of the bronchial membrane. It 
is a complaint of very frequent occurrence, and 
may be acute or chronic. Capillary bronchitis, 
inflammation involving the minute bronchial tubes. 
broncho, . See bronco. 
bronchocele (brong'ko-sel or -se'le), n. [< 
Gr. ,ipo;. x<^-l, a tumor in the throat, { /fyx'y.fT, 
Ilic windpipe, + KI/'/II. n tumor.] Same as ijoili r. 
bronchohemorrhagia (broug ' ko - hem -o - ra'- 
Ji-*)> " [NL., < Ur. {3pA)x<>s, windpipe, + aiuap- 
603 
, hemorrhage.] A term proposed by Andral 
for the exudation of blood from the lining mem- 
brane of the bronchial tubes, commonly called 
hriiitriiitil In iniirrltiHft . 
bronchophonic (brong-ko-fon'ik), a. Per- 
taining to or of the nature of bronchophony. 
bronchophony (brong-kof '6-ui), . [< Gr. 
Xnr., the windpipe, + ^n"?, voice.] In /nithol., 
an abnormal sound of the voice heard in aus- 
cultation of the chest. It is loud, near, and 
thrilling, but not so distinctly articulated as 
in pectoriloquy. 
bronchopneumonia (brong'ko-nu-mo'ni-jl), . 
[NL., < Gr. i1p6-,x"<:, the windpipe, + NL. /"" "- 
moiiia, q. v.] In pathol., inflammation of the 
lung-substance, associated with and usually 
secondary to inflammation of the mucous mem- 
brane of the smaller bronchial tubes. Also 
called catarrhal and tabular pneumonia. 
bronchopneumonitis (brong-ko-nu-mo-ni'tis), 
n. [As broncho/mi nmonia + -itig.] Same as 
bronchopneumonia. 
bronchorrhagia (brong-ko-ra'ji-S), n. [NL., < 
Gr. fip6)xof, the windpipe, + -payia, < pirjvvvai, 
break, burst.] In pathol., hemorrhage from the 
bronchial tubes. 
bronchorrhoea (lirong-ko-re'ii), n. [^NL., <Gr. 
ftp6yxof, the windpipe, 4- poia, a flowing, flux, < 
peiv, flow.] In pathol., copious exudation from 
the bronchial tubes. 
bronchostenosis (brong-ko-ste-no'sis), n. [NL., 
< Gr. jipoyxof, the windpipe, + artvuatf, constric- 
tion: see bronchiostenositi.] In pathol., con- 
striction of a bronchus. 
bronchotome (brong'ko-tom), n. [< Gr. flp6)- 
Xoc, the windpipe, + ro'u6^, catting, verbal adj. 
of rtuveiv, ra/tetv, cut.] In surg., an instru- 
ment for making the incision into the larynx 
or trachea in the operation of bronchotomy. 
There are many forms. 
bronchotomy (brong-kot'o-mi), . [<Gr. fip&y- 
xoc., the windpipe, + rofiia, late form of TO//J?, a 
cutting, < rtfiveiv, rafieiv, cut; cf. anatomy.] In 
.-)(/., the act of making an incision into the 
windpipe or larynx, usually for the purpose of 
affording a passage for air into and out of the 
lungs when any disease or accident hinders 
respiration by the usual channels, or to extract 
foreign bodies which have lodged in the trachea. 
The operation is called tracheotomy when the opening is 
made into the trachea, and iartfntjotointi when made into 
the larynx. 
bronchotracheal (brong-ko-tra'ke-al), a. [< 
bronchus + trachea + -/.] Situated partly in 
the bronchi and partly in the trachea : specifi- 
cally applied to the syrinx of oligomyodian or 
haploophonous birds, which is usually of this 
character. Also tracheobronchial. 
bronchos (brong'kus), n. ; pi. bronchi (-ki). 
[NL., < Gr. Ilp6)xf,, the windpipe: see bron- 
chia.] Either of the two main branches of the 
trachea: also sometimes used to denote any 
small bronchial tube. See trachea, lung, and 
cut under thorax. 
bronco (brong'ko), n. [Commonly, but incor- 
rectly, spelled brottcho ; appar. a particular ap- 
plication of Sp. bronco, rough, rude, sturdy, 
crusty, crabbed, morose, = Pg. bronco, rough, 
rude, coarse, awkward.] On the northwestern 
plains of the United States, an unbroken or 
imperfectly broken horse, usually a mustang 
or Indian pony. 
In ami out among the craft of heavier burden shuffled 
the small, tough brunchon. The Century, XXXI. .". 
brondt, n. A Middle English form of brand. 
brongniardite (bron-yar'dit), . [After the 
French mineralogist A. Brongniart (1770- 
1847).] A sulphid of antimony, lead, and sil- 
ver, occurring massive in Mexico, with grayish- 
black color and metallic luster. 
brontea, . Plural of bronteum. 
Bronteidae (bron-t'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Bron- 
tes + -irfa'.] A family of trilobites. 
Brontes (bron'tez), n. [NL., < Gr. 
one of the Cyclopes, lit. 'thunderer,' < ,J/<ovr//, 
thunder.] A genus of Devonian trilobites, 
having a broad radiating tail, giving name to 
a family Bronteifla.'. Also Bronteits. 
bronteum (bron-te'um), n. ; pi. brontea (-S). 
[< Gr. fipovTtim', < ppovrii, thunder.] In the 
ancient theater, a machine for producing sound 
in imitation of thunder. 
Bronteus (brou'te-us), n. [NL. : see Brontes.] 
Same as Brontea. 
brontolith (bron'to-lith), H. [< Gr. fipovrr/, 
thunder, + >/rt. stone.] An aerolite or mete- 
orolite ; literally, a thunder-stone. 
bronze 
brontology (bron-tol'o-ji), . [< Gr. jif 
thunder, + ->jm, < /i';r, speak: see -vlogy.] 
A di -course or dissertation upon thunder. 
Brontosaurus (bron-t<>-na'rus), u. [NL., < (ir. 
V"' T'/. thunder, + aavpof, lizard.] A genus of 
hu^e fossil dinosaurian reptilen, notable for 
tlicir small liead and diminutive brain-cavity, 
the whole skull not exceeding some of tin' 
neck-bones in size. One species was about 50 
feet long, and probably weighed 'JO tons or 
more. 
Brontotheriidse (bron'to-the-ri'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < liniiitotherium + -i<la-.] A family of 
huge perissodactyl ungulate mammals from the 
Miocene of North America, established for tin- 
reception of the genus Brmitotherium : same as 
Mi'iinilonliilii' and Titanotlicriiild . 
Brontotherium (bron-to-the'ri-um), . TNL., 
< Gr. fipmT//, thunder, + Oqpiov, beast.] A 
genus of gigantic extinct perissodactyls, typi- 
cal of the family Broiitotheriida;. 
Brontozoum (bron-to-zo'um), . [NL., < Gr. 
BpAvrtK, one of the Cyclopes (see Bronte*), + 
Cyov, animal.] A genus of gigantic animals, 
formerly supposed to be birds, now believed to 
be dinosauriau reptiles, known only by their 
tracks in the Triassic formation of the Con- 
necticut valley. The stride was about 8 feet, 
and the length of the footprint about 17 inches. 
bronze (bronz), n. and u. | = D. brim* = G. 
bronze = Dan. lron;e = Sw. broiut, < F. bronze 
= Sp. bronce = Pg. bronze, < It. bronzo, bronze 
(cf. Bulg. Serv. Kuss. bronza. Sloven, bronec, 
brunec, brunc, Pol. bronc, Alban. brunze, NGr. 
ujr/joiivrfof, bronze, appar. from the Horn.), < 
ML. bromium (also bronsiwu, prop, adj., > It. 
bronzino, bronzed), bronze; perhaps, as some 
suppose, altered through Rom. influence from 
an orig. "brunitium, neut. of brunitius, prop, 
adj., brown, but found only as a noun (also 
brtmicus), applied to a horse, < brunus (/ It. 
hruno, P. brun, etc.), brown, < OHG. briin = AS. 
brun, E. brown : see brown, and cf. burnixh.] I. 
. 1. An alloy of which copper forms the pre- 
dominating portion, and into the composition of 
which tin almost always enters : but the name 
is also given to alloys containing no tin. The 
proportion of copper in various bronzes itt usually liftween 
80 and 90 per cent. ; in some It falls as low as 70. The 
proportion of tin in the bronzes of different ages and 
those used for various purposes is almost as variable atf 
that of copper. Bronze used for bells has the largest 
amount of tin ; in some it reaches 25 per cent. The bronze 
formerly used for cannon contained al>out 10 per cent, of 
tin and often a small amount of zinc. Statuary bronze is, 
and has l>een from the l>eginning of its use for the pur- 
pose, of very variable composition. In some statuary 
called bronze there is less than 1 per cent, of tin, while 
zinc U present in sufficient quantity almost to justify 
calling the material brass. Tin- zinc in various pieces of 
statuary cast within the past two or three hundred yean, 
and erected in some of the principal cities of Europe, 
varies in quantity from less than 1 per cent, to 25. Lead 
is present ill many bronzes, but usually in small amount, 
rarely being as much as 8 per cent. Itronze is an alloy of 
importance to Imth the arts and commerce, and is also of 
great historical interest, since it has been known from 
remote age* over a large part of the world. It is pre- 
ferred to simple unalloyed copper, on account both of its 
color and of its greater durability. Among prehistoric 
races the use of bronze preceded that of iron : and among 
their remains are found swords, axes, and other cutting 
instruments of this material, sometimes artistically made 
and ornamented, as well as domestic implements and 
utensils of many kinds. The ancient Greeks, Romans, 
etc., made statuary of it in enormous quantities, and also 
coins, recording tablets, and a great variety of articles of 
common use. It is now not only used for cannon (for 
which purpose it has lieen to a great extent supplanted 
by steel), bells, and statuary, but also for parts of various 
machines, especially Iwarings, and for screw-propellers. 
The beauty and durability of bronze statuary depend in 
no small degree on the color and composition of the oxi- 
dized fllm or incrustation which forms upon it when it is 
exposed to the weather. This U called Its jiatina (which 
see). In recent times numerous experimento have been 
made with a view to improve the quality of bronze in 
various ways, in particular by the addition of mnall quan- 
tities of other substances, especially metals. The most 
important result of these experiments seems to be pAon- 
phor-broiue, an alloy patented by two Belgian metal- 
lurgists about 1670, and now extensively used where 
toughness and resistance to wear are required. The 
amount of phosphorus in phosphor-bronze U less than 
1 per cent, and the effect it produces is proliably due to 
its reducing action on the oxiiltt of the other metals dur- 
ing the process of manufacture. Phoaphor-hronze is of 
tiner grain and color, and is believed to be much more 
durable, than ordinary bronze ; and it is thought by many 
that it will eventual!}' be proved to be the best material 
for artillery. Extensive experiments have also been made 
with manganese, lead, and other metals. Aluminium 
bronze is an alloy of copper and aluminium now in use, 
especially where tensile strength is required. So-called 
iteel bronze is bronze hardened by mechanical compression. 
It has not come into general use, but was intended by iu 
inventor to be used for cannon. Sw aluminium. 
2. A work of art, as a statuette, bust, or model, 
composed of bronze, whether cast or wrought. 
3. A brown pigment or coloring substance 
