Fruiting Branch of 
the Paper-mulberry 
( Hroussonetia f<if.y- 
rt/era). 
Broussa ware 
Broussa ware. 8<-o pattern. 
Broussonetia (bro-so-ne'shijl), n. [NL., after 
M. lirvimmiiet or BrMMWWMtj :i French naliinil- 
ist (1761-1807).] A genus of 
plants, of two or three species, 
natural order I'rlieneen; nearly 
allied to the mulberry, unlives 
of eastern Asia and (lie I'acifie 
islands. Thepapcr-mnli n> i/.'. /- 
liilfifefii) ami /;. Kti'iniil'fi-i arc i-iilti- 
vated ill 'hili:i ;iml Jap:iM. uhrre 111.- 
Imrk of the yiiin- sh""l-. i, tin- (-hid 
material for the manufacture of pap 
From tin- bark f tin- paper-molberrji 
is also made the tapa-rl.ith exteli 
siVl'I.Y IISI-.I I ]|I"H'.:!llll I'oluleSia. 
brouzet, and '. See broiene 1 . 
brow (l>ron), M. [< ME. browe, 
linin-i', < AS. 6c, pi. brua, 
liruini. eveln-ow, also eyelash, 
= ONortli. brun = (with an 
appar. formative -n)Icel. bruit, 
old pi. bryiin, = Sw. Dan. bryn (>E. brine 2 , q. v.) 
(cf. G. brauiie, below), eyebrow; closely related 
to ME. brew, breow, broy, bre, bra, bro, etc., 
eyebrow, < AS. brajw, bredw, also breg, eyelid 
(used differently from bru), = OFries. bre in 
dg-bre, eyelid, = OS. brdlia, brdwa = MI). 
bruiiwe, hroitwr, eyelid (1). in-iikhrtiauw, eye- 
brow), = OHG. brdwa, MHO. bra, brdwe, G. 
liriiiii', also briniiie, eyebrow, = Icel. bra,, eyelid, 
= Gael, bra, eyebrow, = Bret, abrant, eyebrow, 
= OBulfj. briiff, obruvi = Serv. brv, obrm s= 
Bohein. briri, olirwi = Pol. brew = Kuss. brorf 
= Litli. bmrin, eyebrow, = Gr. otypt'S, eyebrow, 
= Pers. ubru = Zend brrat = Skt. ftftrw, eye- 
brow; cf. Ir. Gael, abhra, eyelid. Perhaps re- 
lated to brae, bray*, q. v., and ult. to E. bridge*.] 
1. The prominent ridjje over the eye, forming 
an arch above the orbit. 2. The arch of hair 
over the eye ; the eyebrow. 
your inky frroira, your Mack silk hair. 
Mink., As you Like it, ill. 5. 
3. The forehead. 
Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow. 
Shot., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 3. 
4. The general expression of the countenance. 
lie told them with a maisterly Brow, that hy this act he 
hail oblig'd them above what they had deserv'd. 
Milton, Eikonoklastes, v. 
To whom thus .Satan, with contemptuous trow. 
Milton, P. L, iv. 886. 
5. laentom., that part of an insect's head which 
lies between the elypeus and the vertex, gen- 
erally just above the antennse. 6. The edge 
of a steep place ; the upper portion of a slope : 
as, "the brow of the hill," Luke iv. 29. 7. 
In England, a fringe of coppice adjoining the 
hedge of a field. 8. In cval-mining, an under- 
ground roadway leading to a working-place, 
driven either to the rise or to the dip. Oren- 
ley. [Leicestershire, Eng.] 9. Naut., an old 
name for an inclined plane of planks from the 
A Ship's Brow. 
shore or the ground to a ship, to facilitate entry 
and exit. In this sense also spelled brniii/li. 
10. In a saw-mill, an incline up which logs are 
drawn to be sawed. 11. [Also written broo : 
taken as a particular use of broir, "an ill bnur" 
being then orig. a frowning or unfavorable 
look; "nae brow," no (sc. favorable) look or 
view.] View; opinion: in the phrases an HI 
broir, an unfavorable opinion; nae brow, no 
good opinion. [Scotch.] 
But thir ridings and wappenshawings, my leddy, I hae 
not broo of them va. Scott, old Mortality, vii. 
Bent brow. 00 An arched eyebrow. (6) A wrinkled or 
knit brow. To knit the brows, to fn> n. 
brow (brou), r. t. [< broir, .] To form a brow 
or elevated border to. [Bare.] 
Tending my flocks hard by i' the hilly crofts, 
That brixe this bottom-glade. Milton, Comus, 1. 582. 
097 
brow-ague (brou'a'Ku), . Frontal neuralgia. 
Browaflia (bro-wal i-a), . [From J. Kroirall 
(1707-55), bishop of Aim in Finland.] A genus 
of South American herbaceous plants, natural 
order .V;'/i/i ul<irinren>, some species of which 
are cultivated for ornament. 
brow-antler ( brou' ant "16r), n. 1. The lirst 
spike that grows on a deer's head. 2. The first 
branch or tine of an antler, overhanging the 
forehead. See miller. 
Also called brow-snag. 
brow-band (brou'band), n. 1. A band or fillet 
worn round the brow. 2. In saddlery, a band 
of a bridle, headstall, or halter, which passes 
in front of the horse's forehead, and has loops 
at its ends through which pass the cheek-straps, 
browbeat (brou"bet), '. t. ; pret. browbeat, pp. 
tiniirbeattn, ppr. browbeating. [< brow + beat.] 
To depress or bear down with haughty, stern 
looks, or with arrogant speech and dogmatic 
assertions ; in general, to bear down by impu- 
dence. 
He [Jeffreys] soon found that it was not quite so easy to 
browbeat the proud and powerful barons of England in 
their own hall, as to intimidate barristers whose bread de- 
pended on his favor, or prisoners whose necks were at his 
mercy. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. 
Mr. Necker . . . was browbeaten and intimidated. 
Jefferson, Correspondence, II. 485. 
= Syn. To overliear, insult, bully, hector, 
browbeater (brou'be'ter), n. One who brow- 
beats; a bully. Warren. 
brow-bound (brou'bound), a. Crowned; hav- 
ing the head encircled, as with a diadem. 
[Poetical.] 
Brow bound with the oak. Shak., Cor., it 2. 
A queen, with swarthy cheeks and bold black eyes, 
Brov-tmuiul with burning gold. Trnnymn, Kair Women. 
browdt, <' *. See broud. 
browden (brou'dn), p. a. [< ME. browden, 
brinitlen, etc., pp. of braiden, breiden, etc., move, 
draw, snatch, pull, etc. : see braid 1 .] 1. Anx- 
ious ; foolishly fond. 2. Vain ; conceited. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
browdert, ". t. See brouder. 
browdingt, n. See branding. 
browest, Drowist, See brewis. 
browless (brou'les), a. [< brow + -less.] With- 
out shame. [Rare.] 
So browlean was this heretick. 
/.. Addimn, Life of Mahomet, p. 84. 
brown (broun), . and n. [< ME. brown, broun, 
brun, < AS. brun = OFries. brun = D. bruin (> 
E. bruin, q. v.) = MLG. brim = OHG. MHG. 
brun (> ML. brunus, >F. Pr. brun = Sp. Pg. It. 
bruno, brown, > F. brunir, etc., burnish, > E. 
burnish, q. v.), G. braun = Icel. brunn = Sw. 
brun = Dan. brun = Lith. brunns, brown, = Gr. 
*<t>pvvof, brown, in fyti'vof, ifipl-vr/, a toad (cf. L. 
rubcta, a toad, < ruber, red, reddish) ; with for- 
mative -, < -i/ *bru = Skt. "bhru, redupl. in 
Skt. babhni, reddish-brown, as subst. a beaver 
(see beai-er l ) ; cf. ii.funu.1, dusky, black.] I. 
a. Of a dark or dusky color, inclining to red- 
ness or yellowness. 
Broun he was, and lenc, and rough of heer, more than 
a-nother man. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 405. 
Cheeks frroicii as the oak-leaves. Longjelloie. 
Brown atrophy, bread, holland, etc. See the nouns. 
Brown hematite, brown Iron ore. Same as Umn- 
nite. Brown madder. ?*ee imttdfr. Brown mix- 
ture, a cough-mixture containing camphorated tincture of 
opium, wine of antimony, spirit of nitrous ether, and other 
less important ingredients : the mistura glycyrrhlzso com- 
poslta of the pharmacopeia. Brown ocher. See ocher. 
Brown pink, an artists' pigment made from Avignon 
berries (JUammu infrctoriu*), or, letter, from quercitron- 
hark, as this latter is not so fugitive. It is sometimes 
called util de iirain. Brown-red game, a variety of the 
game-fowl in which the hackle- and saddle-feathers of the 
cock are bright-red, shading off to lemon-yellow, finely 
striped with black, the back and wing-tows rich-red, the 
primaries, secondaries, and wing-coverts or bars and tail 
black, the breast and lower parts of the body black, the 
feathers having brown shafts and a slight lacing of the 
same color. The hen is plain black, with hackle-feathers 
edged with yellow . Brown study, a state of mental ab- 
.str:u-tinn or meditation ; a reverie. [Often with a hyphen.] 
Faith, this brown study suits not with your black, 
Your habit and your thoughts are of two colours. 
/;. Jonson, Case is Altered, iii. S. 
M> < Mm pan ion approached and startled him from his fit 
of broirn-xf "'I?/. Irving. 
To do (a person) brown, to deceive him ; take him in. 
[Colloq.] To do up brown, to do thoroughly. [Colloq.) 
U. . 1. Adarkcolorinelinedtoredoryellow. 
It may be obtained by mixing red, black, and 
yellow. 2. A halfpenny. [English slang.] 
Alizarin brown, alizarin red changed to a brown by mix- 
ing ferrocyaiiicleof potash with the color, which is di-coni- 
posed in steaming and yields Prussian blue. Aniline 
brown, a brow n pimnent obtained by heating a mixture of 
aniline violet or aniline bine w itb hydrocbloratfl of aniline 
to 240", ami keeping it at this temperature till the mixture 
becomes brown in color. This brown is soluble in water. 
Brownlan 
aleobnl, and acid*, and euti be n.seil in >ls* MI_- Antwerp 
brown, a rol.,r ilse.l t.y aMM.s ni;nl<- !>. 'Hum 
with a ilninu'-oil; l.iluinen. Archil brown, a coal-Ur 
color lined ill d)cing. Bismarck brown. >anp' M /./.. 
/.. 1,,-nu-n, Caledonia brown, a pi^n.em u-r.| l.i 
artisU in oil-painting. It is a native eaitli of Kn-jlaixl, 
and is of an orange russet-brow n iolor. Canelle-brown. 
sain.- as ,,!,: ,:,il.-n,- 1,,;,,,-,,. Cappah brown, a pit-men! 
Used li> altl-t' ill nil jl.lllltllu In. i'l- Irnlll I ~p'''i'M of 
hi.- earth rnltlailjill- III.HI'J.HI' - . f.,llll-< ll<;tl < :i].|i:i_'h ill 
Ireland.- Cassel brown, a piunn-nt \> r\ -nmLd to Van- 
dyke brown (which see. In !,, j. Chestnut-brown, In 
coal-tar colont, a kind of maroon (wbSeb - >. II <an in 
dyed on silk, cotton, and wool Cinnamon-brown. 
Same as phrualtnt frroim. - - Fast brown, a I'mil -t.n- eolor 
ni-.| iiMl.ii-ing. beliingiiigtothe o\> a/o m i, up. Orenate 
brown, lM*taHsium iopuri>tirate, prepareil by the a<tin 
of potassium cyanide on picric acid. It forum browniih- 
red crystalline scales, which are green by reflected light. 
It to soluble In hot water and alcohol, giving a very deep 
violet-red color. When dry it explodes very readily, and 
is therefore kept In the form of a paste, to which glycerin 
Is added in order to keep it moist.- Havana brown, u 
coal-tar color similar to phenyl brown, used to produee . ,n 
wool brown colors fast to the light.- Ivory-brown, a 
pigment the same as bone-brown, except that ivory U 
substituted for Inine. Leather-brown. Name ss phenyl 
fcroM'ii. Madder-brown, a brown dye derived from ca- 
techu and worked with madder eolni-v Manchester 
brown, same as phmylrne brown. Manganese brown, 
a color produced in dyeing by passing the cotton, impreg- 
nated with manganous chlorid, through a mixture of so- 
dium hyjKH'hlorite and caustic soda.- Mars brown, an 
artists' pigment, prepared by calcining a mixture of sul- 
Rhate of iron, alum, and potash. Its color varies through 
rown, yellow, and red, according to the heat employed In 
calcining. It may be ler me. 1 an artificial ocher. Phenyi 
brown, a coal-tar color used in dyeing. Its composition 
is complex and unknown. It Is prepared by treating phe- 
nol with a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid, and is 
mostly used in dyeing leather. Also called leather-brown. 
Phenylene brown, a coal-tar color used in dyeing. It 
is the hydrochlorld of triamidoazolienzene, and Is used 
on wool, cotton, and leather. Also called Bitnnartk brmrn, 
canelltjn'own, cinnajnon-brwm, Manchfxter brown. 
Prussian brown, a pigment used by artists, prepared by 
calcining an aluminous Prussian blue, forming a com- 
pound of sesquioxid of iron and alumina. It is orange- 
brown, and resembles burnt sienna, hut is not so rich in 
tone. Purple brown, a pigment composed of oxid of 
iron. It is sometimes called n>n, >,,< oxitt. Resordn 
brown, a coal-tar color used in dyeing, obtained by com- 
bining a diazo-compound with resorcin in the ordinary 
way, and acting on the azo-compound formed with some 
other diazo-compound. Small brown, a variety of mar- 
bled paper in which the design consists of small round 
spots or shells. Spanish brown, an Inferior pigment 
consisting of a highly adulterated dark oxid of iron. It 
Is used to some extent as a priming-paint, but chiefly by 
masons to color mortar.- Spirit-brown, In dyeing, a 
color obtained by treating material dyed yellow from bark 
with peachwood, logwood, and alum.- Vandyke brown. 
an important brown pigment used both by artists anil 
house-painters. It is a siiecies of peat or lignite, of a very 
dark, semi-transparent, reddish-nrown color. Verona 
brown, a pigment used by artists in oil-painting. It is a 
calcined ferruginous earth, of a reddish-brown tone. 
brown (broun), v. [< ME. brounen, < AS. bru- 
ii in n. become brown (= OHG. brunen, MHG. bri- 
unen, make brown), < brun, brown: see brown, 
a.] I. in trans. To become brown. 
II. trans. To make brown or dusky. 
A trembling twilight o'er the welkin moves, 
llftiim* the dim void and darkens deep the groves. 
./. ar!oir, Columbiad, ill. 618. 
Specifically (n) To produce a brown color in by exposure 
to heat, as of meat, bread, etc., to that of a fire in roasting 
or toasting, or of the skin to that of the snn. (b) To give a 
brown luster to (articles of iron, as gun-barrels, etc-X by 
applying certain preparations. 
brownback (broun'bak), n. 1. A name of the 
red-breasted snipe, Maerorltamphus griseus. 
2. A name of the great marbled godwit, Linto- 
sa fedoa. 
brown-bess (broun'bes), . [Said to be formed 
in punning imitation (Bess for Bill) of bnnrn- 
liill. the old weapon of the English infantry.] 
A name given to the regulation bronzed flint- 
lock musket formerly used in the British army. 
brownbill (broun'bil), n. A kind of halbert for- 
merly used by the English foot-soldiers. See 
bilV, 2. 
The black, or as it was sometimes called, the broirn-btU, 
was a kind of halbcrt . the cutting part hooked like a wood- 
man's bill, from the back of which projected a spike, and 
another from the head. 
brown-blaze (broun ' blaz), . The fumes 
which rise from the furnace-flame in reducing 
zinc when cadmium is present. They are due 
to oxid of cadmium. 
brown-clock (broun'klok), n. The cockchafer. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
brown-coal (broun'kol), . The variety of coal 
more commonly named lignite. See coal and 
lii/nite. 
brown-crops (broun'krops), n. Pulse. [Prov. 
Eng.] 
brown-george (broun 'jorj), a. 1. A large 
earthen pitcher. 2. A coarse kind of bread. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
Brownian (brou'ni-an), n. Pertaining or relat- 
ing to any person bearing the name of Brown ; 
