Buddhism 
earth ; disobedience insures a punishment in some of the 
innumerable hot and cold hells (see t/araka), situated in 
tin 1 interior of the earth or on its furthest verge, follow- 
ed by a lower state of existence on i-arth ; the supreme fe- 
licity to be attained by perfect obedience is the suppres- 
sion of every passion and desire, and eventually \irvana, or 
unconscious existence, if indeed Nirvana be not annihila- 
tion. In its original spirit agnostic, if not atheistic, it has 
become modified in time, and now has its rites and tem- 
ples, which vary in different nationalities and localities. 
From India Buddhism spread over Ceylon, Java, Cochin- 
China, Burma, Tibet, Mongolia, Tatary, China, and Japan, 
but was stamped out in India by the rise of Hinduism. 
Also spelled MoodhtHHi. 
Buddhist (bo'dist), n. and a. [< Buddha + 
-M; = F. Boudhiste.] I. n. One who pro- 
fesses Buddhism; a follower of the religious 
system founded by Buddha. 
II. . Of or pertaining to Buddha or Bud- 
dhism Buddhist architecture, the oldest and most 
characteristic native style of Indian ecclesiastical archi- 
tecture, the earliest specimens dating from 250 B. c., 
and prevailing wherever Buddhism has been established. 
Buddhist architectural monuments may be classed in five 
groups : (a) Stambhas or lats, pillars bearing inscriptions 
on their shafts, with emblems or animals on their capi- 
tals, (b) Stupas or topes, large towers, some built in the 
form of a hemisphere, others partly cylindrical and fin- 
ished at the top with either a flat circle or a pointed 
dome-like terminal. The topes were erected in honor of 
some sacred event or place, and arc sometimes employed 
to contain relicsof Buddha or of a saint. In the latter case 
the tope is called a dagoba. (c) Bails, formed of elaborately 
sculptured pillars, built around topes, temples, and other 
sacred objects, (rf) Chaitya halls, cut out of the living 
Buddhist Architecture. Interior of Chaitya Hall at Karli. 
rock, and corresponding closely in plan with Christian 
churches. The positions of the altar or relic-casket, aisles, 
and apse are frequently the same in both, (e) Viharas, or 
monasteries, originally built of red sandal-wood, but in ex- 
ceptional circumstances excavated from the solid rock, 
with halls having their ceilings supported by elaborately 
sculptured pillars cut from the natural rock, and surround- 
ed by a number of small sleeping-cells. A characteristic of 
the Buddhist style is the pseudo-arch, formed by courses 
of stones each overlapping that below it, till the two sides 
approach so closely that the opening at the top can be cov- 
ered by a single stone. 
Buddhistic (bo-dis'tik), a. [< Buddhist + -ic.~\ 
Pertaining to Buddhism : as, Buddhistic litera- 
ture. Also Boodhistic. 
Buddhistical (bo-dis'ti-kal), a. Same as Bud- 
dhistic. Also Boodhistical. 
budding (bud'ing), n. [Verbal n. of bud*, v.] 
1. In hot., the putting forth or producing of 
buds. In the lower cryptogams the term is applied to 
a form of growth and reproduction, a modification of 
fission, in which the new cell swells out at the side of the 
parent cell, increases in size, and at length becomes de- 
tached, flee yeast. 
2. Inzool., gemmation; a mode of asexual re- 
production in animals analogous to budding in 
plants. 3. In hort., a process, allied to graft- 
ing, for growing a different variety of fruit or 
plant from a given stock by transferring a bud 
with a little of the woody tissue behind it to a 
cleft in the bark of the stock. Adhesion takes 
place between the cambium layers or new- 
growth tissue of the two, assuring the life 
and growth of the bud. Many kinds of 
fruit are propagated in this way, as well 
as roses and other plants. 
budding (bud'ing), p. a. [Ppr. of 
bud*, r. ] 1. Producing buds : as, a 
budding tree. 2. Being in the con- 
dition of a bud; figuratively, being 
in an early stage of growth ; being 
at the entrance of a period of life, 
a career, etc. : as, a budding orator. 
Young budding virgin, fair, and fresh, and 
sweet. Shak., T. of the S., iv. 5. 
budding-knife (bud'ing-mf), . A 
knife used by gardeners in the op- 
eration of budding. The handle, usu- 
ally made of bone or ivory, tapers to an edge, which ena- 
bles it to be used in separating the bark from the wood 
of the stock and inserting the bud. 
buddleH, See boodle*. 
buddle 2 (bud'l), r. t. ; pret. and pp. buddlcd, 
ppr. huddling. [Cf. LG. buttcln (> G. butteln), 
Budding. 
708 
foam, gush.] In mining, to wash (ore); sepa- 
rate (the metalliferous ores) from earthy mat- 
ters by means of an inclined hutch called a bud- 
die, over which water flows. 
buddle- (bud'l), . [< buddle 2 , ,,.] I n mining.a, 
contrivance for dressing ore, or separating the 
metalliferous portion from the earthy gangue. 
The term was originally used in Cornwall, where the hand- 
buddle is a long box slightly inclined, on the bottom of 
which the ore is separated by the aid of a current of water. 
There are several much more complicated forms of the 
huddle, some of which are stationary and others revolving. 
buddle 3 (bud'l), n. [Also boodle; said to be < 
D. buidel, also contr. buil (= OHG. butil, MHG. 
biutel, G. beutcl), a purse ; from its bearing gul- 
den (florins), a name given to its flowers: see 
gulden, guilder.'} Same as boodle 3 . 
buddle 4 (bud'l), v. t. To suffocate; drown. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
Bude burner, light. See the nouns. 
budge 1 (buj), v.; pret. and pp. budged, ppr. 
budging. [< F. bouger, stir, wag, = Pr. bolegar, 
stir, = It. bulicare, bubble up, freq. (cf. 8p. 
bullir, boil, be busy, bestir one's self, move from 
place to place, = Pg. bulir, move, stir, be ac- 
tive), < L. bullirc, boil : see boil 2 .'] I. intrant. 
To move; stir; change position; give way: 
now usually with a negative, implying stub- 
born resistance to pressure. 
I will not titdge for no man's pleasure. 
Shak, R. and J., iii. 1. 
If the customers or guests are to be dunned, all the 
burthen lies upon my back; he'd as lief eat that glass as 
trudge after them himself. Goldsmith, Vicar, xxi. 
II. trans. To move; stir; change the posi- 
tion of. 
budgeH (buj), a. [Appar. < budge*, v. Cf. Sp. 
biilticioso, brisk, active: see budge*, .] Brisk; 
jocund. South. 
budge 2 (buj), n. and a. [Early mod. E. bouge 
(see bouge*), < ME. bowge, a bag, < OF. bouge, < L. 
bulga, a leathern bag; a word of Gaelic origin : 
cf. Gael. Ir. balg, bolg, a bag, wallet, quiver, etc. : 
see belly, bellows, bulge, etc.] I. n. If. A lea- 
thern bag. 2. Lambskin dressed with the wool 
outward, much used in the Elizabethan era and 
since as an inexpensive fur for the edging of 
garments. In England some official costumes that have 
remained unchanged are still decorated with budge. 
When, let him but in judgements sight uncase, 
He's naught but budge, old gards, browne fox-fur face. 
Marxian, Scourge of Villanie, Sat. vii. 
3. Same as budge-barrel. 
II. a. [< budge 2 , 2.] 1. Trimmed or adorn- 
ed with budge (see L, 2): as, "budge gowns," 
Milton, Art. of Peace with Irish. 2. Scholas- 
tic ; pedantic ; austere ; surly ; stiff ; formal : 
as, "budge doctors," Milton, Comus, 1. 707. 
The solemn fop, significant and budge ; 
A fool with judges, amongst fools a judge. 
Cowper, Conversation, 1. 299. 
Budge baohelorst, a company of poor old men clothed 
in long gowns lined with lamb's wool, who formerly ac- 
companied the lord mayor of London at his inauguration. 
budge 3 t (buj), H. [Origin uncertain.] One who 
slips into a house or shop to steal cloaks, etc. ; 
a sneak-thief. Kersey, 1708. [Slang.] 
budge-barrel (buj'bar"el), n. A small barrel 
with only one head, a piece of leather which 
is drawn together upon strings being nailed 
upon the other end. It is used in action for 
carrying powder or cartridges with a gun or 
mortar. Also called budge. 
budgenesst (buj'nes), n. [< budge 2 , a., 2, + 
-ness."} Sternness; severity. 
A great Bellona for budyenexs. 
Stanihunt, quoted in Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry, 58. 
budger (buj'er), n. One who moves or stirs 
from his place. 
Let the first budger die the other's slave. 
Shak., Cor., I. 8. 
budgero, budgerOW (buj'ro), n. [Anglo-Ind., 
also bajra, repr. Hind, bajrd, a kind of pleasure- 
boat.] A lumbering keelless barge, formerly 
much used by Europeans traveling on the Gan- 
getic rivers. Yule and Burnett. Also budgero- 
boat, buggerow-boat. 
They [the ladies of Calcutta] . . . went upon the river 
in hudi/erows and diverted themselves with fishing or 
fowling. J. T. H'heeler, Short Hist. India, p. 200. 
budget (buj'et), . [Early mod. E. also bow- 
get; < F. bougette (= It. bolgetta), dim. of OF. 
bouge, a bag: see budge 2 . Hence, in sense 4, 
D. and F. budget.'] 1. A small bag or sack; a 
pouch or portable depository for miscellaneous 
articles : now chiefly figurative : as, to open a 
budget of news. 
If tinkers may have leave to live, 
And bear the sow-skin budget. 
Shak., W. T., iv. 3 (song). 
buff 
His budget with corruptions cramm'd, 
The contributions of the damn'd. Sltrift. 
2. A stock or store; a collection: as, a budget 
of news. 
It was nature, in fine, that brought off the cat, when the 
fox's whole budget of invention failed him. 
Sir R. 
There is no miracle in the whole Roman Catholic bud- 
get better vouched than this. 
frescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 21. 
3. A pocket used by tilers to hold nails. 4. 
In Great Britain, the annual financial statement 
which the chancellor of the exchequer makes 
in the House of Commons, sitting as a commit- 
tee of ways and means. In making this statement 
the minister gives a view of the general financial policy of 
the government, and at the same time presents an esti- 
mate of the probable income and expenditure for the fol- 
lowing twelve months, and a statement of what taxes it 
is intended to reduce or abolish, or what new ones it may 
be necessary to impose. 
His [Alfred's] budget is the first royal budget we possess ; 
and though the fact that the national expenses were still 
in the main defrayed by local means renders any compar- 
ison of it with a modern budget impossible, it is still of in- 
terest as indicating the wide range of public activity which 
even now was open to an English king. 
J. R. Green, Conq. of Eng., p. 173. 
Hence 5. Any similar official estimate and 
statement. [The word in this specific sense 
has been adopted into the French language.] 
To open tlxe budget, to lay before the legislative body 
the financial estimates and plans of the executive govern- 
ment. 
budgyt(buj'i), a. [< budge 2 , n., 2, + -y*.] Con- 
sisting of or decorated with the fur called 
budge. 
budla (bud'la), n. [E. Ind.] A variety of bro- 
cade, not of the finest quality, manufactured 
in India. 
budlet (bud'let), n. [< bud* + dim. -let.'] A 
little bud springing from a parent bud. 
budmash (bud'mash), n. [Also liadmash; < 
Hind, badm'ash, < Pers. bad, bad, + Ar. m'dsh, 
means of living, < 'ash, live.] A scoundrel ; a 
blackguard ; during the time of the Indian mu- 
tiny (1857-58), a rebel. 
Budorcas (bu-dor'kas), n. [NL., < Gr. fiovt, 
ox, + Sopnac,, a gazel.] A notable genus of 
large Asiatic antelopes, containing the yakin, 
Budorcas taxicolor, of the Himalayas : some- 
times taken as type of a subfamily Budorcince, 
so great are its peculiarities. See yakin. 
Budorcinae (bu-dor-si'ne), re. pi. [NL., < Bu- 
dorcas + -tine."] A group of Himalayan ante- 
lopes, typified by the genus BudorcaSj having 
smooth round horns contiguous at their bases, 
a tail like that of a goat, and 4 teats. 
budorcine (bu-dor'sin), a. Of or pertaining 
the Budorcinw. 
Budweis porcelain. See porcelain. 
Budytes (bu-di'tez), . [Nli., < Gr. ftmivrrK, 
the wagtail.] A genus of small oscine passe- 
rine birds, chiefly of the old world, of the fam- 
ily Motacillidai ; the yellow wagtails, of which 
there are many species, as B. flava. See Mo- 
tacillidfB, wagtail. 
buer, n. A gnat. Halliwell. [North. Eng.] 
bllft, boef 2 !, interj. An exclamation represent- 
ing the sound made by eructation in conse- 
quence of overeating. 
Whan they for soules seye the psalm of Davit, 
Lo, buf they seye, cor meum ernctavit. 
Chaucer, Summoner's Tale, 1. 226. 
buff 1 (buf ), n. and a. [Early mod. E. buffe, short 
for buffle*, q. v.] I. n. If. A buffalo. 
Buffalo [It.], a buffle, a buffe. Florio. 
Bujle [F.], the bttfe, buffle, bngle, or wild ox. Cotgrave. 
There are also wilde beastes bred in those woods, as 
Buffes, Beares, and blacke Wolues. 
Hakluyfs Voyaries, I. 248. 
They haue also the qualities of a Bn/e : for if they see 
a man clothed in red, they run vpon him immediately to 
kill him. Haklmjt's Voyages, I. 118. 
2. A kind of thick leather, originally and prop- 
erly made of the skin of the buffalo, but now also 
of the skins of other animals, as elks, oxen, 
etc. It is dressed so as to be as flexible as possible, and 
without a glazed or artificially colored surface. It is 
used for making belts, pouches, gloves, etc., and in the 
later middle ages came into use to take the place in a 
measure of light armor: as. "a suit of buff," Shak., C. of 
E., iv. 2. Also called buff-leather. 
His doublet was of sturdy bu/, 
And though not sword, yet cudgel-proof. 
5. Butler, Hudibras, I. i. 305. 
3. A buff-coat (which see). 
I'll make a shift to drain it 
Ere I part with boots anil buf. 
l'rft>'<l. Sir Nicholas at Marston Moor. 
4. The color of buff -leather ; a yellow color 
deficient in luminosity and in chroma. 5. pi. 
The third regiment of the line in the British 
to 
