burn 
728 
burnish. 
Mer. Come, we burn 
Hum. Nay, that's not so. 
I/,./-. I mean, sir, in delay 
We waste our lights in vain, like lamps by day. 
Shat., R. and J., i. 4. 
TO burn down to burn to the ground, as all the com- 
bustible parts of a building. To burn in, in glass-malt, 
intj and potter)/, to fix and render durable (the coloring 
and ornamentation) by means of great and long-continued 
heat in an oven or kiln. To burn metals together, to 
join them by melting their adjacent edges, or heating the 
adjacent edges and running some molten metal of the DU1I1 
burn 3 ! '' t. [ME., < OF. burnir, burnish: see burnie (ber'ni), . [Dim. of 7>r;( 2 .] A rivulet. 
burnish. In form and sense the word over- [Scotch.] 
To burnish ; burning (ber'nmg), . 
laps burn 1 (cf. burn 1 , v. i., 4).] 
brighten; make gay or cheerful. 
Al his speche and cher also he borneth. 
Chaucer, Troilus, i. 327. 
The temple of Marz armypotente 
Wrought al of burned steel. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1125. 
r Armor contr of burthen 1 
g some molten meta o e , L-^ppar. 
same kind into the intermediate space. E. H. Knight- or burden 1 .] A burden for on 
To burn one's fingers, to receive damage or loss from [Local, Eng. (Cornwall).] 
meddling with or engaging in anything. To burn out, v llrna i,i e (ber'na-bl), a. [< bum 1 , r., + -able.'] 
to destroy or obliterate by burning. <" " wt V* T^ Knm1 
Must you with hot irons i 
up, to c< 
ashes : as, to burn up a_p 
II. intrans. 1. " 
fuel burns. 
A still and sacred fire 
That Imrn'd as on an altar. 
Tennygon, Enoch Arden. 
2. To become charred, singed, or scorched; be 
injured by undue exposure to fire or a heated 
surface, etc. : as, milk or oatmeal burns if cooked 
without stirring. 
" Your meat doth turn," quoth I. Shale., ('. of E., ii. 1. 
3. To become inflamed or tanned, or to become 
disintegrated by the effect of heat and reflected 
sunlight, as the skin from unusual or prolonged 
exposure to the sun or to the glare from a sheet 
of water. 4. To glow like fire ; shine; gleam. 
The barge she sat in, like a burnish'd throne, 
Burnt on the water. Shak., A. and C., ii. 2. 
The road, wherever it came into sight, burned with bril- 
liant costumes, like an illuminated page of Froissart. 
Lowell. Fireside Travels, p. 243. 
5. To be inflamed with passion or desire; be 
affected with strong emotion : as, to burn with 
anger or love. 
Did not our heart Inirn within ns while he talked with 
us by the way? Luke xxiv. 32. 
True charity is afflicted, and buna at the offence of every 
little one. Milton, On Def. of Humb. Remonst. 
6f. To act or behave with destructive violence ; 
be in a state of violent action ; rage. 
Shall thy wrath burn like lire? Ps. Ixxxix. 46. 
The groan still deepens and the combat burn*. Pojie. 
7. To be affected with a sensation of heat or 
burning pain, or acridity ; feel excess of heat : 
as, the face burns; the patient burns with a 
fever. 8. To resemble fire in the effect or 
the sensation produced. [Rare.] 
The parching air 
Rnrnx frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. 
Mat on, P. L., ii. 595. 
9. In certain games, to be very near a con- 
cealed object which is sought, that is, so near 
that one would be burned if it were fire ; hence, 
to be nearly right in a guess. [Colloq.] 
However, the explorers must have burned strongly (as 
children say at hide-and-seek) when they attained a point 
so near to the fountains. De Quincey, Herodotus. 
= x ^ i: [Verbal n. of burn 1 , v.] 
l~ The act or process of consuming by fire. 
2. In metal-working, the act or process of unit- 
ing metallic surfaces by fusing them together, 
or by running molten metal of the same kind 
between them. 3. In ceram., the final firing, 
as for glazing, fixing the colors, or the like : used 
somewhat loosely. 
A burden for one person. Day. burning (ber'ning), p. a. [Ppr. of burn 1 , v.] 
I . Scorching ; hot : as, the burning sands of 
the Sahara. 2. Powerful; strong; vehement; 
ardent. 
That which I urge is of a burning zeal. 
Marlowe, Edward II., i. 4. 
Dryden. 
icular way of manur- 
it aii iioapo, im uniiiuig i<. KV wu ~ 1 re Like a young hound upon a burning scent. 
a paper. beafi, n. and*'., and denshire. E. Phillips, 1706. g < alls j nK excitement, ardor, or enthusiasm; 
To be on fire; flame: as, tne burner (ber'ner), n. 1. A person who burns or i _____; _ j j;_~~ii *: 
sets fire to anything. 
The Milesian Oracle was sacred to Apollo Didymseus 
amongst the Branchidx, who betrayed the treasures of 
heir Temple. 
' nage, p. S3-2. 
their God to Xerxes the burner of 
2. The part of a lamp from which the flame is- 
sues ; the part that holds the wick ; also, the jet- 
piece from which a gas-flame issues. Burners in- 
clude all forms of apparatus for burning gas, oils, or vapors, 
singly or in combination : as, a hydrocarbon burner, carbu- 
reting gas-burner, lime-light burner, regenerative burner, 
etc See lamp-burner and gas-burner. Bat's-wlng burn- 
er, a form of gas-burner from which there issues a broad 
flame supposed to resemble a 
bat's wing. Bude burner, an 
arrangement consisting of two, 
three, or more concentric Argand 
burners, each inner one rising a 
little above the outer, by which a 
very powerful light is produced. 
Named from Rude, in Cornwall, 
the residence of Mr. Gurney, the 
inventor. Bunsen burner, a 
gas-burner invented by a Ger- 
man chemist, R. W. Bunsen, and 
improved by Wallace and Gode- 
froy. It is arranged in such a 
way that the gas, just previous 
to burning, is largely diluted with 
air, thus prodxicing a non-lumi- 
nous and very hot name. Itisused 
in chemical laboratories and in 
metallurgical research in connec- 
tion with a variety of small fur- 
naces, and in many forms of gas- 
stoves, heaters, steamers, etc. Fish-tail burner, a gas- 
burner whose jet takes the spreading and forked farm of 
a fish's tail. Hydrocarbon burner, a burner for pro- 
ducing heat by means of liquid fuel. It has generally a 
jet of air or steam, or of both, carrying with it a spray of 
coal-oil or petroleum, which is lighted and burns under 
a boiler. Regenerative burner, in gae-Hffhting, a de- 
vice by which the current of gas is heated before it reaches 
the flame, thus making combustion more complete. 
burnet 1 ! (ber'net), a. and n. [I. a. < ME. bur- 
net, < OF. brunet, brunette, lit. brownish, dim. 
of Irrun, brown: see brown. Cf. brunette. II. 
n. < ME. burnet, burnctte, < OF. burnette, bru- 
nette = Pr. bruneta = Sp. bruneta, brunete, < 
ML. bmneta, brmietum, a brownish, dark-col- 
ored cloth.] I. . Brownish. 
Hire mentel grene other [orl burnet. Itel. Ant., I. 129. 
II. n. Cloth dyed of a brown color 
enchaining or demanding attention. 
The Johannean problem is the burning question of 
modern criticism on the soil of the New Testament. 
Schaf, Hist. Christ. Ch., I. 84. 
= Syn. Blazing, flaming, scorching, fiery, hot. 
(ber'ning-bush), w. 1. The em- 
by the Presbyterian churches 
of Scotland in memory of the 
persecutions of the seventeenth 
century, and bearing the legend 
"Nee tamen consumebatur" 
(yet not consumed), in allusion 
to Ex. iii. 2. [Usually two 
words.] 2. A name of various Burni n g B ush. 
shrubs or plants, (a) The Ameri- 
can species of Euonymus, E. atropttrpurea&nd E. Ameri- 
cana, celastraceous shrubs with bright-crimson, pendu- 
lous, four-lobed capsules, often cultivated for ornament. 
Bunsen Burner. 
a, a , openings to admit a 
Burning-bush (Euonytnus Americana). 
(i, dehiscing fruit ; b, section of flower. 
(From Gray's " Genera of Plants of the U. S.") 
To burn blue. See Me,n.- To burn down, to be burned burnet 2 (ber'net), )(. [< ME. burnet, pimper- 
to the ground '. ue consumed by fire from top to bottom, 
as a building. To burn out, to burn till the fuel is ex- 
hausted and the fire ceases. To burn up, to be burned 
completely or reduced to ashes : as, the paper burned up. 
burn 1 (bern). . [< burn 1 , r.] 1. A hurt or in- 
jury caused by the action of fire, especially on 
a living body ; a burnt place in any substance. 
2. The operation of burning or baking, as in 
brickmaking: as, they had a good bum. 3. 
A disease in vegetables. See brand, 6. 4. A 
clearing in the woods made by burning the 
trees. [TJ. S.]=Syn. 1. Bum, Scald. Burns are pro- 
duced by heated solids or by flames, craWx by heated fluids 
or vapors. See ttcorelt, r. t. 
burn 2 (bern), . [Also written bount, bourne, 
iiel; < OF. brunete, also brunette, the name of a 
plant, prob. burnet; cf. ML. liurneta, spring- 
wort (Vocab. ed. Wright, 2d ed., p. 557, 1. 42) ; 
prob. so called with some allusion to color; 
cf. burnet 1 .] If. The pimpernel, Anagnllis ar- 
rennis. 
Of pympurnolle [pimpernel] to speke thenke y jet 
And Englysh ycalled is burnet. 
MS. Sloane, 2457, f. 6. (Ilalliwell.) 
2. The common name of species of Poterium, 
an herbaceous genus of the natural order Bosrt- 
CCfK. The common or garden burnet is Poterium San- 
nutiorba, also called nalad-burnet. The great burnet is 
ttlficinale. 
See Euonyiiuu. (b) The artillery-plant, Piled serpyllt- 
folia, (e) The plant Dictamnus Fraxinella, so called be- 
cause its volatile secretions render the surrounding air 
inflammable in hot weather. 
burning-fluid (ber'ning-flo"id), ii. A very ex- 
plosive illuminating liquid, consisting of a mix- 
ture of about 3 volumes of alcohol and 1 of 
camphene or purified turpentine-oil, burned in 
lamps specially constructed for the purpose, but 
superseded by petroleum after a few years' use. 
burning-glass (ber'ning-glas), n. A double 
convex lens of glass used to ignite combustible 
substances, melt metals, etc., by focusing upon 
them the direct rays of the sun. 
burning-house (ber'ning-hous), . The fur- 
nace in which tin ores are calcined to sublime 
_ _^ 
which with a diff . pron. is the usual form in the burnet-moth (ber'net-moth), n. A moth of the 
south of England (see bount 1 , bourne 1 ); < ME. genus Zygoma or AntJirocera ; one of the many the sulphur from the ^pyrites, a kiln. 
bourne, commonly burne, < AS. Imnia, masc,, moths of the family Zyganidfe. The six-spotted - - 
also burn*!, fern., a brook, stream (= OS. bruit- burnet-moth is Z. or A. JiKpendula> a common European 
iTRVioc hu,;i f , rvn Tuvrue Tt Ti/i 7i.vm species, with six red spots on a dark ground ; the larva is 
T^ t XT, , = \ VSSr^V:' Tira vellow, spotted with black. Z. or A. Mi is another spe- 
= LG. bpnj (> G. born) = OHG. brunno, MHG. e ies, the five-spotted burnet-moth. 
burning-mirror (ber'ning-mir"pr), n. A con- 
cave mirror, usually of metal, used as a burn- 
ing-glass. The power of a burning-mirror is consider- 
ably greater than that of a burning-glass of equal extent 
and equal curvature. 
britnne,G.bri<nneii,bruniifi,brunn=:lKe\.bninnr hurnet-rose (ber'net-roz), n. Same as burnet". burnish (ber'nish), r. [< ME. biirmnclten, bttr- 
= Sw. bnutu = Dan. brcind, a spring, fountain, burnettet, Same as burnet 1 . nissfii, < OF. burniss-, stem of certain parts of 
well, = Goth, brunna, a spring), prob. < *brin- burnettise, r. t. See burnettise. buniir, brunir, F. brunir (> G. briiniren) (= Pi 1 . 
bornir, bruiiir = Sp. bruttir, bronir = Pg. bntnii: 
bornir = It. bntnire), polish, make brown, < 
l>ru, brown, also poet, bright, shining: see 
brown. Also formerly in more orig. form bum : 
gee Irnrn 3 .] I. trans. 1. To cause to glow or 
become resplendent. 
N(|U th village windows btaM, 
);,/,-,/;//.</ by 'tin- setting sun. 
J- Cunniw,/:,,,,,, Evening. 
... _. T . ,, - , 
a brook. [Scotch and North. Eng.] 
- ..... ---,- -. - -, ,,-,.- 
nate, as timber, canvas, cordage, dead bodies, 
etc., with Burnett's liquid, for the purpose of 
preserving them from decay. 
' 
Follow the deer 
By these tall firs and our fast-falling burn*. 
Tenm/tiiu. CJareth and Lynette. T) 1 ii-na+4>. > a li'nuiH SPP Jinuirl 
isurneii; S liquid. >>ee </(. 
It occurs in various place-names, as Bannock- burnewin (bor'ue-wiu), n. [Sc.,for bitrn-tlte- 
burn, BlackftMni, etc. iciii^.] A blacksmith. Burns. 
