burnish 
The wide lake, r.Li-il \\ith sand and grass, 
Was lnn-i:i<l,:'>l to 11 floor i)f KlaSS. 
I'.llll , .':,!, \\ "Ollllllt-'.., I 
2. To polish by frictiou; make smooth and 
lustrous: as, to Inn -nixli steel. 
' llo linm-s uith lll\ teelll, 
flU' tllllt is \ n-rrhlr!\ . 
/,'/../., llokt' of Nurture (K. K. 'I'. S.). p. 77. 
Who (lutli (In- world so gloriously behold, 
That cedar-tops anil hllK ,-rem /// /nxA'</ (.'old. 
N/MI*-.. Venus and Adonis, ! - >v 
II. t iiitranx. To grow, as a child ; thrive ; 
flourish ; become fat and sleek ; hence, to be- 
come bright or brilliant; show conspicuously. 
I i v Juno ha ! t <!"'</. r young Jove was gruwn. 
I've Been a snake in human form . . . 
Hurnitli and make a gaudy show. 
.svift, Description of a Salamander. 
burnish (b6r'nish), [< burnish, r.] Polish; 
hence, gloss; brightness; luster. 
As to Chrysostom, and Basil, with less of pomp and 
swagger than (Jregory, they have not at all more of rhe- 
torical burni*h and compression. De yuincty, Rhetoric. 
burnisher (ber'nish-er), n. 1. One who bur- 
nishes or polishes. 2. A tool of various shapes 
and material, but commonly with a smooth, 
slightly convex head, used for polishing in va- 
rious processes and operations, as in porce- 
liiin-painting, dentistry, etc. 3. An instru- 
ment of tempered steel, with slightly curved 
polished sides and rounded point, used by 
etchers and line-engravers to remove rough- 
nesses, scratches, and stains from the surface 
of a metal plate. Wood -engravers who wish to take by 
hand a trial-proof of a block, finished or in progress, ink 
the raised lines, lay over them a piece of India paper and 
a card, and then, by even friction with the burnisher, uh- 
tain the desired impression. 
4. In shocmaking, a polishing-machine which 
holds the shoe firmly while a heated steel tool ix 
pressed with force against the heel or sole, pre- 
viously moistened with a preparation of varnish. 
burnoose, burnous (ber-nSs' or ber'nOs), n. 
[Also written hrriionse, burnouse, burnos, bour- 
IIOIIH ; < F. burnous, bournous = Sp. alborno: = 
Pg. albernoz or albornoz, a kind of Moorish 
cloak, < Ar. at, the (see of- 2 ), + humus, burnutt. 
a hooded cloak.] 1. An outer garment made 
of a coarse woolen fabric, worn by men in the 
Barbary States, throughout northwestern Afri- 
ca, and in Arabia. It differs from the aba in having 
a hood, and in being more commonly made of undyed wool, 
go that it generally has a brownish-white color without 
stripes or pattern ; but it is also made black, and striped 
with red and white. 
The males were clad in bnrnoosen brown or striped 
woollen cloaks with hoods. 
K. F. Burton, EI-Medinah, p. 123. 
Hence 2. A garment worn by women in Eu- 
rope and the United States at different times 
since 1830. Itsometimeshasahoodwithatanselatthe 
end. and is in general a loose outer cloak without sleeves. 
It has been made of many different materials, usually with 
stripes. 
burnstickle (bern'stik-l), n. [Perverted from 
liiiiixtirklr.] A name of the stickleback, Uastf- 
roxteus biaeulcatus. 
burnt (b6rnt), p. n. [Pp. of burn 1 , v.} 1. Con- 
sumed or scorched by fire. 2. Crumbly, and 
partly or entirely unweldable, from having 
been raised to too high a temperature in con- 
tact with the air: said of iron and steel. The 
nature of the change which the metal under- 
goes is not yet clearly understood. Burnt alum. 
see niinn. Burnt bowl, curling-stone, etc.. in BUM, 
a Iwwl, etc., which has been accidentally touched r 
moved, and which must be removed as dead. Burnt 
carmine. See <-.i-m/^'-. Burnt fox, a slang name for 
a student during his second half year in the fierman uni- 
versities. Burnt In, in i-eraui., sometimes said of colors 
that have Iwen applied under the glaze, and are fired wllh 
it. -Burnt limestone, calcined limestone. Burnt ore, 
roasted ..re. Burnt Roman ocher, sienna, sponge, 
terre verte, umber, seethe nouns. Burnt wine, im 
treated in such a manner as to acquire a peculiar flavor 
suggestive of burning. 
l',>-nt u-litf is a wine boiled up with sugar and some- 
times with a little spirr. Keen, I've. 
burnt-ear (bernt'er), H. A form of smut in 
oats, wheat, and other cereals and grasses, pro- 
duced by a microscopic fungus, l'xtil<ii/i> r/irlm. 
The tissues of the plant :uv destroyed and replaced by an 
abundance of black dust-like spores. 
burnt-offering (bernt'of'er-ing), 11. An of- 
fering burnt upon an altar as a religious rite ; 
specifically, in tlu> Jewish ritual, an animal or 
animals of a prescribed kind, the whole of 
which, after ceremonial preparation, was burn- 
ed upon an altar; a holocaust. Parts of many 
other ollriin-- \\irv hurried, hut the term is gencrall\ 
Icstricteii to OIK- that as entirely SO, sometimes s]ieciti 
<'ali\ called a wkote bttrnt-oferinff. This was the only of- 
tcriiiK nf the ancient I'.-itriarchs, and is the only one men- 
tioned in the Kook of (ienesU Afterward it lccame one 
of flu- regular classes of sacrifice under the I.evitical law. 
720 
The regulations respecting It are given in detail In i 
cus i. and vi. 8-13. It represent- .1 HI. entire . 
cati t i he offerer to (iixt. and was always preceded 
by a sin-ofterim;. The ot>j, ct ,,iti led was to be .1 
without Mcmi-li. a yollllK hllllock i.un m h, ^i iat, or, III 
case ol |MI\, it) a tutllr il<i\< i-i jii-ron. It wa- drought 
)'.\ the otleler of his own her will atl'l slain h) llim-' It. 
The public- Inii lit oil, 'iings were: (1) the dally hmnt offer 
ings, saerilleed every morniliL' ami evening lot tin 
(Num. xxviii. S-); (2) the sahhath burnt-olti-ring (Num. 
xxvill. fl, 10); (8) certain spi-i Hied I malt-offerings on ap- 
pointed feast-days ( x u;i. \\\iii. 11-29, Ml). There were 
also private burnt-offerings appointed for certain set 
times. Free-will burnt oilerinuij might lie offered on any 
special solemn occasion, 
burnt-sacrifice (bernt'sak'ri-fis), w. Same as 
htfl'llt-oll'' I'i ntj. 
burnt-stone (bernt'ston), H. An antique car- 
nelian such as are sometimes found in ancient 
ruins and have apparently been acted on by 
fire. They appear dull externally, but show a fine red 
color when held up to the light. They are much esteemed, 
bringing a high price, especially when ornamented by fine 
engraving. 
burnwood (bern'wud), n. The Klius Metopium, 
a poisonous species of sumac, found in south- 
ern Florida and the West Indies. Also called 
bum wood. 
bur-parsley (ber ' pars " li), n. The common 
name of Cancalig daucoides, an umbelliferous 
plant with bristly bur-like carpels. It is fre- 
quently found in corn-fields with chalky soils 
in England. 
bur-pump, burr-pomp (ber'pump), n. Naitt., 
a kind of pump in which a cup-shaped cone of 
leather nailed on the end of a pump-rod serves 
instead of a box, its sides collapsing as the rod 
descends, and expanding with the weight of the 
water as it ascends; a bilge-pump. 
burr 1 , burr 2 , etc. See bur 1 , bur 2 , etc. 
Burr Act. See act. 
burraget (ber'aj), H. An older spelling of 
borage. 
burramundi (bur-a-mun'di), w. Same as bar- 
raniunila. 
burras-pipe (bur'as-pip), n. [< burros (< F. 
bourras, < ML. *borratiu#, borttzitts, coarse linen 
or canvas (cf. fiorratium, a coarse garment), < 
Imrra, hurra, coarse hair, wool, etc. : see burrel) 
+ pipe.] A tube for holding lunar caustic or 
other corrosive substance. 
burrawang-nut (bur'a-wang-nut), H. [< burrn- 
irnng, native name, + nut.'} The Macrozamia 
xpiralis, a cycadaceous plant of New South 
Wales. It yields a kind of arrowroot. 
bur-reed (ber'red), n. The common name of 
species of Spargnnium, so called from their 
narrow, reed-like leaves and bur-like heads of 
fruit. The floating bur-reed is .S. nngustifo- 
liiim. See S/Mir(/a>riiim. 
burrel (bur'el), n. [Also written burrell, early 
mod. E. also burel, barrel, horel, < ME. borel (see 
borefi), < OF. burel (= Pr. burel = Sp. buriel), 
reddish ; as a noun, burel, later bureau, a kind 
of coarse cloth (mod. F. bureau, a table, etc., > 
E. bureau, q. v.) (= Pr. burel = Sp. buriel = Pg. 
burel = It. burello = ML. burellux, burrellus, bu- 
reUum, bumllux), dim. of bare (ML. bum), a kind 
of coarse cloth of a reddish or russet color, < 
ML. burra, coarse hair used for stuffing, etc., 
LL. burra, a shaggy garment (also a cow with 
a red mouth or muz/.le) (pi. hurra', trifles, 
jests) ; cf. birrus, a cloak of wool or silk (see 
hirrus); < OL. Inttvus, later byrruK, red, prob. < 
Gr. Trvppof, older irvpoAf, red, name-colored, usu- 
ally referred to nvp = E. fire. Hence boll' 2 , 
etc.] 1. A kind of coarse russet cloth used in 
the middle ages. 
His white mantle was shaped with severe regularity, ac- 
cording to the rule of Saint Bernard himself, being com* 
posed of what was then called barrel cloth. 
Scott, Ivanhoe, xxv. 
2. A silk mentioned in the schedule of Queen 
Elizabeth's wardrobe, r'airlmlt. 3. [Also6r- 
rcl-/>cnr. altered, in simulation of burrel (OF. 
hnri'1, reddish), < bury, bury-pear: see bur;/*.}. 
Same as bury*. 
burrel-fly (bur'el-fli). . A kind of reddish 
gadllv, or breeze. 
burreUert (burVl-er). . [Also written burril- 
//;; < barrel + -erl.} A maker of burrel; a 
clothmaker. 
burrel-shot (bur'el-shot). H. [< 'barrel (per- 
haps < F. hourreler, torment) + shot.} Small 
shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc., put 
into cnscs. In l>e discharged from a cannon at 
short range ; an emergency shot. 
burrhel (bur'el), n. [E. liid.] A kind of wild 
sheep inhabiting the Himalayas; Oris burrhel 
of Blyth. Also biirlinl. 
burrhstone, . See 
bursa 
burridget Cbur'ij), . An ulil.-r spilling of 
IHIIII/II . 
burring (l r'ing), . [< burl, burr*, + -ingl.] 
The process of cleaning or removing the bur-- 
and rubbish from wool previous to carding. 
burring-machine (ber'ing-ma-ghSn'), n. A 
machine for picking and burring wool before it 
is carded. 
burrish (ber'ish), a. [< bur 1 , burr 1 . + 
Hough ; prickly ; burry. 
Burrite (ber'it), . [< Jlurr (see def.) -t- 
In New York State politics, one of that faction 
of the Democratic-Republican party which gup- 
ported Aaron Burr, from about 1797 to 1807. 
burro 1 (bur'6), H. [Sp.] A donkey. [West- 
ern U. 8.] 
burro 2 (bur'6), n. [Cf. Shetland burra, the com- 
mon rush, Junc*s squarrosun: see bur 1 , burr 1 .} 
A name sometimes given in Great Britain to 
the alga Laminaria digitata. 
bnrrockt (bur'ok), n. ^Origin uncertain.] A 
small weir or rfam put in a river to direct the 
stream to gaps where fish-traps are placed. 
burroughH, . An obsolete spelling of borough 1 . 
burrough-'t, n. An obsolete spelling of burrow'*. 
buiTOUgh : 't (bur'6). n. Same as bomne 1 , 1. 
burrow' t, An obsolete spelling of borough 1 . 
burrow 2 (bur'6), n. [E. dial, also abbr. bur: 
also formerly bury (see bury?) ; < ME. borou-, 
boric, a hole at) a place of shelter, a mound, var. 
(appar. by confusion with borouft, borwe, buruh, 
< AS. burh, E. borough 1 , a fortified place, bor- 
ough) of beric, lieornh, etc., < AS. beorh, E. 
barrow*, a mound: see burroir 1 = borough 1 , 
and barroir 1 , berry'*.} 1. A barrow; a mound. 
.Sir T. Brotcne. See barrow 1 . [Now only prov. 
Eng.] 2. In mining, the heap of refuse rock 
at the mouth of a shaft, or entrance of an adit- 
level or tunnel. 3. A hole in the ground ex- 
cavated by an animal, as a rabbit or a mar- 
mot, as a refuge and habitation. 
It (the lemming] lives in burrow* made by its long and 
crooked claws. I . R. ./r>/i. .*. Mammalia, p. 201. 
4. [Perhaps in ref. to the usually circular 
shape of mounds; cf. the equiv. Sc. brough-, 
otherwise referred to burroir 1 = borough 1 = 
brough 1 , q. v. In mod. E. dial. abbr. burr.} A 
circle. Compare hur 3 , burr'*, 2. 
Burtrht |var. bnrrom\, sercle, orhiclllug. 
I'roinpt. Part., p. 56. 
burrow 2 (bur'6), r. [< burroic'*, n.} l.intraiw. 
1. To make a hole or burrow to lodge in, as in 
the earth; work a way into or under something. 
The incidence of forces ls the same all around the 
Earth-worm as it bnrrtucn through the compact ground. 
//. S/iriKvr, Prin. of Blol., { 25o. 
2. To lodge in a burrow; in a more general 
sense, to lodge in any deep or concealed place ; 
hide. 
The human vermin which . . . tmrrmr among all phys- 
ical and among all moral pollution. 
Mnratilaii, Hist. Eng., x. 
II. traiix. To perforate with a burrow or as 
with burrows. 
All the loose blocks of coral on Keeling atoll were bur- 
rotrtd by vermiform animals. Darwin, Coral Keefs, p. 164. 
burrow s t (bur'6), n. A variant of borrotr 1 . 
burrow-duck (bur'6-duk), H. A name of the 
bergander or sheldrake, Tadorna ruljtanaer or 
T. corn uta. 
bUTTOWer (bur'o-er), n. 1. One who or that 
which burrows. Specifically 2. One of the 
fossorial aculeate Hymenoptera ; one of the 
Fossoref (which see). 
burr-pump, n. See bur-pump. 
burry (ber'i), n. [< bur 1 , burr 1 , + -y 1 .} Full of 
burs ; resembling burs : as, burry wool. 
bursa (ber'sii), . ; pi. burxte (-se). [ML., a 
pouch, purse: see burse, bourne, purw.} In 
tnidt. and :oi>l., a pouch, sac, or vesicle: vari- 
ously applied with a qualifying term. Bnrsa 
choroidea, the chomid |mueh : the marsupium or pecten 
in the interior of a bird's eyeball. See marmifnum.- 
Bursa copulatrix,a copiilatorypouch, as in arthropods. 
Bursa Krit.iann [ in irhtti., the Entian pouch, a duo- 
denal ]M,rtioh of the intestine, succeeding the pylortu, 
usually dilateil. - Bursa Fabrtcil, in rnith., the Kabri- 
cfan pouch or anal gland ; a peculiar glandular sac, w hieli 
opens into the anterior and dorsal region of the cloaca 
in birds. Bursa genltalis, in cchinodcrms, a genital 
IMIIU-II, into which the generative products pass, and 
thenee to the exterior, as in the ojihilirians. BUTSA mU- 
cosa<>r synovlalls (mucous or synovial pouch), a closed 
sac containing a small amount of synovia, placed be- 
tween parts moving on one another, to facilitate motion, 
as between a tendon and a bone or lietween the skin and 
a bony prominence. These burse are usually lined with 
emlotlielinm. sometimes not. They sometimes communi- 
cate with the cavity of a Joint. The name Is not now, 
as formerly, extended to the synovial sheaths of tendons 
nor to the synovial cavities of joints. See cut under Awi/. 
Bursa omentalis, the cavity of the leuer umentum. 
