buzzard 
Knrope is /*'. niliriti'i*. a liird uhout :*) inches long and 
about 4 feet ill xprcacl nf wing, "I van. -at. ,| 'Ink I noun 
lint) liulll <M|MI- lii ;iv> :itnl latlirl -Iti l^li. shM'piliK to 
small Kiime. 'I'lu- run^h-li-^urd i.u//anl i-- .1" A//"''. < /."/ 
fill*. \\illl I'-UtlHTnl shallkv >!- clll tltl'ler .lyrA//'''0 
llli-n- air Miam >].i-rir> i>l lint,,,, ,,( u< al'h all i olllltlir.s. 
(/<) Some other hawk, not used in falconry, 
with a qualifying term to indicate the species: 
as, the itumr-buzzttrd, Cirru.i /i-riH/iniixiix, of Kn- 
rope; tho liuiwy-lni:;iii'il, 1'irnix n/nroiim; the 
' 
rope; I lie lioney-w-Cfl'<(, rernu ii/nri>riix the 
bald buzziinl, the osprcy, 1'niulinii Imliiti'lux. 
(c) An American vulture of the family Ca- 
thiirtiilir; the turkcv-lm/./.aril, Cntlinrtex num. 
See cut under t'nlhartcs. 2f. A blockhead; a 
dunce. 
Blind liiiMiinlfx, who of late yeares, of wilfiill malicious 
iies, would nejtlier learlie I hrin-rl nr-. nor could teach 
others. Ascluitt/, T|M Si-tiotemaster, p. 111. 
3f. A coward. 4. A hawk that flies by night. 
Ualliirrll. [I'rov. Eng.] Comp&rebuzzard-iimt/i. 
-Buzzard dollar, a name iipplieil by the opponent- of 
the island Kill of 1878 to the American silver dollar of 4 !_'! 
grains coined in accordance with it, bearing as device 
upon (lie reverse a figure of an eagle, derisively compared 
to that of a buzzard. 
II. t " Senseless; stupid. 
Thought no better of the living (!od than of a buzzard 
idol. Mi/ tun. Eikonoklastes, i. 
buzzard-clock (buz'iird-klok), . [E. dial., < 
buzzard, for buzzer, from its buzzing noise, + 
flnck, a beetle.] A local name in England for 
the dor. 
llmnmin' awaiiy loike a buzzard -clock. 
Tennymjn, Northern Farmer, O. S. 
buzzardet (buz-ar-def), n. JX buzzard + dim. 
-et.] A small North American buzzard de- 
scribed by Pennant, but not satisfactorily iden- 
tified: perhaps the young red-shouldered buz- 
zard, Buteo lineutus; more probably the broad- 
winged buzzard, liuteo jiennsyhanicus. 
buzzard-hawk (buz'ard-hak), n. A hawk of 
the subfamily Buteoiiiiur. 
buzzardly (buz'ard-li), a. [< buzzard + -ly l .~\ 
Of or pertaining to a buzzard; like a buzzard. 
buzzard-moth (buz'iird-m6th), n. A kind of 
sphinx or hawk-moth. 
buzzer (buz'er), . 1. One who buzzes; a 
whisperer ; one who is busy in telling tales se- 
cretly. Shak. 2. A call or alarm making a 
low buzzing sound, used when it is desirable 
to avoid loud noise. 3. A polishing-wheel used 
in cutlery-work. 
buzzing (buz'ing), p. a. [Ppr. of buzz 1 , .] 1. 
Keseuibling a buzz. 
A low btazing musical sound. Lamb, Quakers' Meeting. 
2. Making a buzzing sound or hum: as, the 
buzzini/ multitude. 
buzzingly (buz'ing-li), adr. In a buzzing man- 
ner; with a low humming sound. 
buzzom (buz'um), 11. [E. dial., also bussom, 
var. of besom, q. v.] A dialectal form of be- 
som. Jirockett. 
buzz-saw (buz'sa), H. A circular saw : so call- 
ed from its sound when in action. 
buzzy (buz'i), a. [< buzz + -yl.] Full of buzz- 
ing; buzzing. 
byf (bi), iirep. and adv. [< ME. by, bi, also be, 
<; AS. bi, big, also be (in comp. be-, under ac- 
cent bi-, big- : see be- 1 , 6e- 2 ), = OS. bi, bi, be = 
OFries. bi, be = MLG. 6i, LG. M, by = D. bii = 
OHG. bi, pi, bi, MHG. bi, G. bei = Goth, bi, by, 
about, orig. meaning 'about,' whence in AS., 
etc., by, near, at, through, according to, con- 
cerning, etc. ; related to L. anibi- = Gr. a/jifi, 
and Skt. ablii, about: see anibi-, amplii-. Hence 
the prefixes by- 1 = be- 1 , by-% = 6c-2, 6^-3. ] I. 
/n-i'/i. 1. Near; close to; beside; with; about: 
as, sit by me ; the house stands by a river. 
Go to your rest, and I'll sit by you. 
Fletcher, Sea Voyage, iv. 2. 
They punish rigorously them that rob by the high way. 
Milton, Hist. Eng., iii. 
A ^ood poet can no more be without a stock of similes 
bn him, than a shoemaker without his lasts. 
Swift, To a Young Poet. 
He himself has not the monies by him, but is forced to sell 
stock at a great loss. Sheridan, School for Scandal, ill. 1. 
2. Near, or up to and beyond, with reference 
to motion; past: as, to move or go by a church. 
Thou hast pass'd by the ambush of young days, 
Either not assail'd, or victor being charged. 
Shak., Sonnets, Ixx. 
This music crept by me upon the waters. 
Shak., Tempest, I. 2. 
3. Along (in direction or progress) ; in or 
through (the course of) ; over or alongside of: 
as, to approach a town by the highway. 
We . . look our journey into the wilderness by the 
way of the Red sea. Deut. li. 1. 
741 
/;// the margin, willow-veil d, 
slid.' tb<' heavy barges. 
TtungKU, Lady of Shalott. i. 
4. On; upon; especially, through or on as a 
means of conveyance: as, he journeyed both 
by water and by rail. 
I would have fought by land, where I was stronger. 
Drydrn, All for Love, li. 1. 
5. Through. () Through the action or opera- 
tion of, as the immediate agent or the producing 
or instigating cause: as, the empire founded 
lnj Napoleon ; a novel written by Cooper: the 
victories gained by Nelson ; a picture painted 
In/ Rubens, i In this use especially after passive verbs 
or participles, the participle being often omitted : u, a 
novel '"/ Cooper ; a picture by Rubens. | 
All things were made by him. John L 8. 
Prompted to my revenge by heaven and helL 
Mnt.. Hamlet, ii. -2. 
(6) With the perception of, as the subject or 
recipient of the action or feeling : as, he died 
regretted by all who knew him ; this was felt by 
them to be an intentional slight. < <) Through 
the means or agency of, as the intermediate 
agent or instrument : as, the city was destroyed 
by fire. 
There perished not many by the swoonle, but all by the 
extremitye of famine which they themselves had wrought. 
Spetuer, State of Ireland. 
Noble Melantius, the land '/ me 
Welcomes thy virtues home to Rhodes. 
Beau, and Ft., Maid's Tragedy, L 1. 
All our miserie and trouble hath bin either '.</ a King 
or by our necessary vindication anil defence against him. 
Hilton, Eikonoklastes, x. 
Muley Abul Hassan saw by the Ares blazing on the moun- 
tains that the country was rising. Irving, Granada, p. 77. 
(d) Through the use of; with the aid of, as 
means : as, to take by force ; by your leave. 
He called his brothers by name, and their replies gave 
comfort to his heart. Irving, Granada, p. 05. 
And holding them back by their flowing locks. 
Tennyson, The Merman, ii. 
(e) In consequence of; by virtue of. 
I have endeavoured to shew how some passages are 
beautiful by being sublime, others by )>eing soft, others '"/ 
being natural. Additon, Spectator, No. 369. 
And how it ends it matters not, 
By heart-break or by rifle-shot. 
Whittier, Mogg Megoue, i. 
6. In adjuration: Before; in the presence of ; 
with the witness of; with regard to things, in 
view of, in consideration of : followed by the 
name of the being or thing appealed to as 
sanction: as, I appeal to you by all that is 
sacred. 
The common oath of the Scythians was by the swoord, 
and by the fire. Spenser, State of Ireland. 
Swear not at all : neither by heaven ; for it is God's 
throne : nor by the earth ; for it is his fooUtooL 
Mat. v. 34, 36. 
By Pan I swear, beloved Perigot, 
And by yon moon, I think thou lov'st me not. 
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ill. 1. 
7. According to; by direction, authority, ex- 
ample, or evidence of: as, this appears by his 
own account; it is ten o'clock by my watch; 
these are good rules to live by. 
They live by your base words. Shak., T. G. of V., U. 4. 
First follow Nature, and your judgment frame 
/i';/ her just standard. Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 68. 
8. In the measure or quantity of ; in the terms 
of: as, to sell cloth by the yard, milk by the 
quart, eggs by the dozen, beef by the pound ; 
to board by the week. 
Two thousand ducats bv the year. 
Shak., T. of the S., it L 
9. In comparison: To the extent of: noting 
mensuration or the measure or ratio of excess 
or inferiority : as, larger by a half ; older by five 
years ; to lessen by a third. 
/.' als mekil als the forseide lyght, to the worchep of god 
an holy Chirche, lestyngliche in tyme comyng, with-outtn 
help of menuys deuocion ne may not be uieyntened ami 
kept Englith Gildt (E. E. T. S.), p. 45. 
Too long by half a mile. Shot., I.. [.. I,., v. _. 
10. Multiplied into : noting the relation of one 
dimension to another (in square or cubic mea- 
sure) : as, five feet by four, that is, measuring 
five feet in one direction and four feet in the 
other. 11. During the course of; within the 
compass or period of: as, by day; by night. 
Dauid fni bus dales dobbede knygtes. 
Pirn Plomium (C\ 
102. 
old men yn prouerbe sayde by old tyme 
" A chyld were beter to be vnbore 
Than to be vntaiiu'ht. and so be lore." 
Babee* Bmk (E. E. T. S.), p. S99. 
by 
Then rote the King and moved his host by night. 
Tennytun, Pawing of Arthur. 
12. At (a terminal point of time); not later 
than ; as early as : us, // tins time the sun had 
risen ; he will be here by two o'clock. 
Ity the morwe. Chaucer, I'nJ to Manciple's Tale, L 16. 
But by that they were got within iiilit of them, the 
women were in a very great scuffle. 
Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progreu, p. 247. 
I'll.- . hoi, nt will have killed by the end of the year about 
one person in every thousand. 
Sydn./i .<i,n'ili. To the Countesi Grey. 
13. At a time; each separately or singly: as, 
one lii/ one ; two by two ; piece by piece. 
Point by point, argument by argument. 
Houkcr, Eccle. Pol., Pref. 
14. With reference to ; in relation to; about; 
concerning; with: formerly especially after 
say, speak, etc., now chiefly after do, act, deal, 
etc. 
And so I sey by the that sekest after the whyes, 
And aresonedest reaoun. J'ier* I'lnicinan (II), xii. 217. 
I sey not thin by wyves that Iwn wUe. 
Chaucer, ITol. to Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 2. 
Thus prophecy says by me. Tointeley Mytteritt, p. 212. 
They secretly made enquiry where I had lined before, 
what my wordes and behaulonr had beene while I wu 
there, but they coulde flnde nothing by me. 
Webbe, Travels, p. 31. 
Thou hast spoken evil words by the queen. t'oxe. 
To do by scripture and the gospel according to conscience 
is not to do evil. Milton, Civil Power. 
In his behaviour to me, he hath dealt hardly by a rela- 
tion, fielding. 
15. Besides; over and above ; beyond. [North. 
Eng. and Scotch.] 
This ship was of so great stature, and took so much 
timber, that, except Falkland, she wasted all the wood! in 
Fife, which was oak-wood, Ini all timber that was gotten 
out of Norroway. I'itucottie, Chron. of Scotland, an- 1511. 
By book, by the book. See book. By north, south, 
east, west (nant.), next in the direction stated : phrases 
used in designating the points of the compass : as, north- 
east '-.'/ tioilli (between N. K. and N. N. E.). See compact. 
By one's self or Itself, (a) Apart ; separated from 
others ; alone. 
When I am in a serious humour, I very often walk by 
mytelS in Westminster Abliey. 
Addisfm, Thoughts in Westminster Abbey. 
As a child will long for his companions, but among them 
plays by hiinnelf. Emernon, Chilis. 
(6) Without aid ; by individual action exclusively : as, I 
did It all in/ <//.)/. IColloq.) By the board. See 
board. By the by. See fcyi, . By the head <nat.), 
the state of a vessel so loaded as to draw more forward 
than aft: opposite to '"/ the item. By the lee, said of 
a ship when the wind takes the sails on the wrong side. 
Shoote him through and through with a jest ; make him 
lye ',, /, , lee, thou Basilisco of witte. 
Manton, What You Will, II. 1. 
By the stern (naut.), with greater draft aft than for- 
ward. By the way. (a) On the road ; in the course of 
u journey : as, they fell out by the tray, (b) Incidentally ; 
in the course of one's remarks : hence used as an inter- 
jectional phrase introducing an incidental remark : as, 
by the ""/. have you received that letter yet? [Colloq.) 
Their actions are worthy not thus to be spoken of by the 
way. Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus. 
By the Wind (mini. ), as near to the proper course AS the 
wind will permit : close-hauled. By way of. (a) As an 
example or instance of. (6) On the point of ; just about 
to : as, when I saw him he was bii tray of going to Brigh- 
ton. [Colloq., Eng.) (c) Through : as, we came by tray of 
Boston. TO set store by. Seen/ore. 
II. "'''. [The adverbial use is not found in 
AS., and is rare in ME.] 1. Near; in the 
same place with; at band: often (before the 
verb always) qualified by a more definite ad- 
verb : as, near oy ; close by ; hard by. 
You did kneel to me, 
Whilst I stood stubborn and regardless by. 
Beau, and f'l., King and Xo King, ill. 1. 
He now retired 
Unto a neighb'ring castle by. 
S. Butler, Hudlbnu, I. lit 301. 
2. Aside; off. 
Let them lay by their helmets and their spears. 
fthak.. Rich. II., L 3. 
Be no more Christians, put religion by, 
'Twill make ye cowards. 
Fletcher, The Pilgrim, ii. i 
3. Of motion: Across in front or alongside 
and beyond : as, the carriage went by. 
By your leave, my masters there, pray you let's come by. 
B. Jonton, Cynthia's Revels, v. 2. 
Pray you, walk by, and say nothing. 
Fletcher, Eule a WUe, U. 4. 
4. Of time : In the past ; over. 
The moon among the clouds rode high, 
And all the city hum was by. 
Scott. Marmion, v. 20. 
[For by in composition, see 6^- 3 .] 
By and by. (a*) A repetition of by, near, close by : used 
especially in reference to a regular series, one after an- 
other. 
